QUIZ TIME!!! Clear your desks No talking or electronics Raise your hand if you have a question Put head down when finished

Transcription

1 QUIZ TIME!!! Clear your desks No talking or electronics Raise your hand if you have a question Put head down when finished

2 Why is this plant consuming a frog?

3

4 What do these words mean?

5 4 MAIN MACROMOLECULES IN LIVING ORGANISMS:

6 MACROmolecules are POLYMERS MONOMER is a small molecule that is a single unit in a much larger molecule MONO = ONE POLYMERS are LARGE MOLECULES made of MONOMERS (SMALLER MOLECULES) BONDED together. POLY = MANY MER = molecules MONOMERS POLYMERIZATION POLYMERS

7 All macromolecules are made up of a small number of elements. CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN OXYGEN EC Most COMMON ELEMENTS in LIVING ORGANISMS PHOSPHOROUS SULFUR *** REMEMBER ( CHiNOPS )

8 STRUCTURE OF CARBS Carbohyrdrates: Composed of Carbon Hydrogen and Oxygen Can be a 5 carbon sugar or 6 carbon sugar Ribose and Deoxyribose are 5 carbon sugars (pentagon) Glucose is 6 carbon sugar (hexagon)

9 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES? Function: Provides immediate energy For example: running races

10 SUGAR!!!!!! Various types: Lactose Fructose Glucose Galactose What do you notice?

11 MONOSACCHARIDE Monosaccharide = 1 sugar Decode! Mono means one. Example: Glucose (sugar): C6H12O6 Plants create Glucose (sugar) during photosynthesis!

12 DISACCHARIDES & POLYSACCHARIDES Disaccharide = 2 sugars Decode! Di means two units Polysaccharide = many sugars Decode! Poly means many units

13 STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS Lipids: are made up of 3 fatty acids and 1 Glycerol What are the monomers of a lipid? Draw a simplified version here Subunits of Lipids Glycerol Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Made up of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

14 FUNCTION OF LIPIDS Lipids: Found in the cell membrane Found in fats and oils Do not dissolve in water Long term energy

15 PROTEINS Structure: Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Monomer = Amino Acid Amino Group: -NH 2 Carboxyl Group: -COOH Side Chain R-Group

16 STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS Polymer = protein (also known as a polypeptide) Each amino acid linked together by a peptide bond.

17 Proteins cont. The sequence of amino acids determines a protein s shape and function. There are 20 amino acids in nature, and our body needs all 20 to work properly. 9 are essential amino acids that our body cannot produce, therefore we must get them from the food we eat

18 FUNCTION OF PROTEINS 1. Growth and repair of cells 2. Control the rate of chemical reactions in your body

19 NUCLEIC ACIDS Structure of Nucleic Acids Contains: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Monomer = Nucleotide

20 NUCLEIC ACIDS Polymer = Nucleic Acid Examples: DNA and RNA RNA=> ribose acid <=DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

21 FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS Stores and transmits genetic (hereditary) information.

22 MACROMOLECULES Answer the following questions while watching the video

23 CONNECTING WHAT YOU EAT WITH HOW YOU SLEEP ARTICLE 1. What were the sleeping patterns of the rats on the high-fat diet? 2. Describe the relationship between having a high-fat diet and sleep in humans. 3. What did researchers find regarding calories consumed and number of hours slept? 4. What is short sleep duration linked to?

24 HOMEWORK Read pages 44-48, answer questions 1-5 A-day due: 9/14 B-day due: 9/15

25 DAY 2

26 DO NOW Pickup 2 worksheets and update table of contents When finished, put all notes away and close your binders

27 GUIDED PRACTICE Procedure for using whiteboards: Do not write anything on the board other than your answer. Only hold up your board when told to do so. Must come up with your own answer. Erase the board with paper towel If you doodle or write other things on the board you will lose your whiteboard priveleges!

28 Which molecule is the polymer? A B

29 What is C 6 H 12 O 6? GLUCOSE!

30 What is one function of a carbohydrate?

31 What is one function of a lipid?

32 What is another name for sugar?

33 Write the formula for a monosaccharide.

34 What are the two monomers for a lipid?

35 Describe what will happen when you mix a lipid in water?

36 What type of macromolecule would you use to store excess energy?

37 What type of macromolecule would you use for energy if you were running a race?

38 Pasta has lots of starch. Why would a runner want to eat pasta before a race?

39 Why would a bear want to consume a high-fat diet before starting hibernation?

40 WHAT VOCABULARY WORDS CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE? (MONOMER VS. POLYMER)

41 The most important macromolecules in organisms are made up of smaller units. Which is the correct pairing of a macromolecule and its smaller monomer? A. Carbohydrate - nucleotide B. Nucleic acid fatty acid C. Lipid monosaccharide D. Protein - amino acid

42 WHAT VOCABULARY WORDS CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE? (MONOMER VS. POLYMER) C6H12O6

43 You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound? A. lipid B. protein C. carbohydrate D. nucleic acid

44 WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT MACROMOLECULE? Which macromolecule do you think is the most important? Why?

45 ACTIVITY: CHART 1. CUT OUT PIECES 2. GLUE IN THE CORRECT BOXES IN THE TABLE 3. PUT ALL MATERIALS AWAY WHEN FINISHED 4. GO BACK TO SEAT WHEN THE TIMER GOES OFF

46 PRACTICE WORKSHEET Classify each word as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid. Write C, P, or L next to each blank 1. Starch 2. Nucleotide 3. RNA 4. Unsaturated fat 5. Amino acid 6. Enzyme 7. Wax 8. Glucose 9. DNA 10. Sugar 11. Oil 12. Saturated fat 13. Meat 14. Monosaccharides 15. Phospholipids

47 PRACTICE WORKSHEET Identify the specific molecule (using the terms from 1-15 above) from each description. Some terms may be used more than once. 16. provides long-term energy storage for animals 17. provides immediate energy 18. sex hormones 19. one sugar 20. speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy 21. forms the cell membrane of all cells 22. animal and plant structures 23. one sugar 24. monomer of protein 25. provides long-term energy storage for plants 26. steroid that makes up part of the cell membranes carbon backbone of a fat 28. provides short-term energy storage for animals 29. many sugars 30. forms the cell wall of plants

48 PRACTICE WORKSHEET Which specific molecule is each food made of? (Lipid, protein, carbohydrate) 31. almond 32. beef jerky 33. noodles 34. orange juice 35. cheese 36. wheat 37. bacon 38. egg white 39. table sugar 40. popcorn

49 EXIT TICKET No talking or electronics Keep your eyes on your own paper Raise your hand if you have a question Flip paper over, put pencil down when finished

50 DO NOW: COPY DOWN TABLE CONTENTS, READ THROUGH FIRST PAGE OF LAB AND ANSWER PRE-LAB QUESTIONS

51 DAY 3 LAB SC.912.L Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules. The four macromolecules that make up most biological systems are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The prefix macro- means large, so these large molecules are found throughout living things. For instance, the cell wall that surrounds a plant cell is made of the carbohydrate starch; the cell membrane that surrounds all living cells is composed of a specific type of lipid, called a phospholipid; muscles in the bodies of animals are composed of proteins; and nucleic acids can be found in the nucleus of plant and animal cells. As you can see, even though these are large molecules they are small in relation to what we can see with the human eye. In this aligned investigation, you are going to test for the presence of different macromolecules in foods that may be consumed in an average daily diet. You will also have to identify both the structure and the function of these macromolecules after observing the outcome of each test.

52 PRE-LAB QUESTIONS What is the purpose of having distilled water as one of your test substances? What macromolecule will we not be testing for in today s lab? What is the function of that macromolecule?

53 IN THE TABLE BELOW, FILL IN THE FUNCTION OF EACH OF THE FOUR TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

54 DATE TABLE - HYPOTHESIS Sample Simple Carbohydrate (+ or -) Complex Carbohydrate (+ or -) Protein (+ or -) Lipid (+ or -) Distilled Water Milk Vegetable Oil Apple Juice

55 LAB DIRECTIONS

56 Data Table Results Sample Simple Carbohydrate (+ or -) Complex Carbohydrate (+ or -) Protein (+ or -) Lipid (+ or -) Distilled Water Milk Vegetable Oil Apple Juice + - -

57 POST-LAB QUESTIONS 1. A strong result for a Benedict s Solution test would be to see the sample turn from blue to dark orange or brown. If you had an unknown sample that you were testing that turned from blue to brown after heating for 3-5 minutes, which numbered structure below would you know was found in that sample?

58 POST-LAB QUESTIONS. A strong result for a Sudan III test would be to see the sample turn red and under close examination you would be able to see the small molecules in which the Sudan III dissolved. If you had an unknown sample that you were testing that showed a positive reaction after being treated with Sudan III, which of the numbered structures below would you know was found in that sample?

59 POST-LAB QUESTIONS. Imagine you had an unknown sample and while completing a test with Iodine, your sample turned from brown to a dark purple. Which of the boxed structures below would be present in the sample?. What is the difference in the two numbered structures below? ) (2)

60 POST-LAB QUESTIONS In the beginning of the lab, we discussed that the prefix macro- means large. You many also know that macromolecules are also sometimes called polymers. The prefix poly- means many and a polymer is a molecule that is made up on many smaller parts. The many smaller parts that make up a polymer are called monomers, and the prefix mono- means one. One way in which you can identify the structure of a macromolecule is to identify the numerous small parts (monomers) that make up the large molecule (polymer). What is the name of the monomer of a protein?. Which of the following numbered structures below shows the monomer of a protein? (1) (2) (3) (4)