OHS Keystone Assessment Biology Module A Testing Period 1 ADMINISTRATOR COPY

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1 OHS Keystone Assessment Biology Module A Testing Period 1 ADMINISTRATOR COPY

2 1. Use the chart to determine the meaning of the term prokaryote. Word Part pro karyon eu Meaning before nucleus or kernel true Select the BEST answer. A. before cells with a true nucleus B. cells with a nucleus before eukaryote cells C. cells before or after with a true nucleus D. before cells without a true nucleus BIO.A Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level 1 2. Which of these cells does NOT have a nucleus? A. eukaryote B. prokaryote C. plant D. animal BIO.A Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 2

3 3. Which statement BEST describes why the presence or absence of a cell wall IS NOT criteria for classifying a cell as a prokaryote or eukaryote? Cell walls: A. are present in all eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes B. may be present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes C. are present in all prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes D. are present in some eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes BIO.A Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge 4. Four students observed cells from two different sources. The table below is a record of each students observations. Jose Tommie Delaney Kisha Cell A Cell B Cell membrane present; no cell wall present Cell membrane present; ribosomes present Cell membrane present; DNA concentrated in one spot membrane Cell membrane present; no nuclear membrane Cell membrane present; cell wall present Cell membrane present; ribosomes present Cell membrane present; DNA enclosed in Cell membrane present; nuclear membrane present Given the student observations above, the cells can be classified as: A. Cell A is an animal cell; Cell B is a plant cell B. Cell A is a eukaryote; Cell B is a plant cell C. Cell A is a plant cell; Cell B is an animal cell D. Cell A is a prokaryote; Cell B is a eukaryote BIO.A Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 3

4 5. An efficiency apartment is a one-room apartment. Special functions like eating, sleeping, and entertaining all occur in the one room. A mansion is a large and complex living space with many specialized rooms. Special functions like eating, sleeping, and entertaining occur in separate rooms. Choose the BEST answer. A. eukaryote cells are like the apartment B. eukaryote cells are like the mansion C. eukaryote and prokaryote cells are not different except in age D. eukaryote cells are like the apartment and prokaryote cells are like the mansion BIO.A Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 4

5 6. Use the chart to select correct order Level of Biological Complexity. Select the answer that is in the correct order of complexity. A. DNA, heart, muscle cell B. monkey, protein, brain C. nerve cell, skin, water D. stomach, digestive system, dog BIO.A Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e., organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms) Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 5

6 7. What property of water explains the paper clip in the picture? A. adhesion B. cohesion C. density D. metallic bonding BIO.A Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge 8. Water s properties of adhesion and cohesion enable: A. a lake to freeze from the top down B. cells to dissolve other substances and thrive C. capillary action which moves water up trees and plants D. pollen, dust, water insects, and other biological materials to remain on the water s surface BIO.A Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). Correct Answer: C. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 6

7 9. Chloroplasts harvest energy and transform it for use by the cell. Which statement describes the process and energy transformation that occurs? A. light to chemical energy B. cellular respiration to light energy C. water to carbon dioxide to oxygen D. cellular respiration to light energy to chemical energy BIO.A Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations. Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge 10. Carbon is called the backbone of biological macromolecules. Which answer BEST explains why carbon is the backbone? A. Carbon is relatively small and takes electrons to form bonds with other substances. B. Carbon can change shape and shares electrons to form bonds with four elements. C. Carbon has a very strong polar charge to form secure bonds. D. Carbon is a large atom that forms very large molecules. BIO.A Explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules. Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 7

8 11. Which type of carbohydrate is composed of monomers? A. monosaccharides (single sugars) -- CH 2 O (glucose, fructose and galactose) B. disaccharides (double sugars) -- C 12 H 22 O 11 (maltose, sucrose and lactose) C. polysaccharides (multiple sugars; poly means many) -- C 6 H 10 O 5 n (starch and fiber; found in grain products, fruits and vegetables) D. all of the above BIO.A Describe how biological macromolecules form from monomers. Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level A monomer is to a polymer as a? A. polysaccharide is to a monosaccharide B. lipid is to a carbohydrate C. protein is to an amino acid D. nucleotide to a nucleic acid BIO.A Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms. Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Remembering/Knowledge 13. The students are unhappy with the food in the cafeteria. Many are complaining loudly about the poor quality. William finds a spider in his spaghetti which escalates the complaining into a food throwing riot. Select the BEST answer using the scenario. A. the spider was like an enzyme B. the spaghetti was like a catalyst C. the spider was like a monomer and the spaghetti like a polymer D. adding protein (a spider) to spaghetti (a carbohydrate) is the same as a rapid dehydration synthesis reaction BIO.A Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific biochemical reaction. Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Analyzing/Analysis Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 8

9 14. Use the graph to answer the question. Choose the BEST statement. A. the higher the ph the faster the enzyme reaction B. faster enzyme reactions occur with lower ph C. ph and the speed of an enzyme reaction are unrelated D. a ph between 6 and 8 produces the fastest reaction rate BIO.A Explain how factors such as ph, temperature, and concentration levels can affect enzyme function. Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level The last repetitions of a weight lifting exercise are more difficult than the first few because in the muscle cells.. A. aerobic respiration providing ATPS and energy has switched to anaerobic respiration providing lactic acid B. anaerobic respiration providing ATPS and energy has switched to aerobic respiration providing lactic acid C. glycolysis providing ATPS and energy has switched to anaerobic respiration providing lactic acid D. glycolysis providing ATPS and energy has switched to aerobic respiration providing lactic acid BIO.A Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations. Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Analyzing/Analysis Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 9

10 16. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below. Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? A. Row 1 B. Row 2 C. Row 3 D. Row 4 Standard Code BIO.A Description Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 10

11 17. The organelle shown is found in eukaryotic cells. The MAIN purpose of this organelle is to: A. break down sugars into ATP B. make ATP from chemical energy C. transform light energy to chemical energy D. harvest chemical energy from thermal energy BIO.A Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations. Correct Answer: C. Webb s: DOK Level Which of these BEST explains the difference between the way animals and plants exchange gases with their environments? Standard Code BIO.A Animals use: A. only photosynthesis, while plants use both photosynthesis and respiration B. only respiration, while plants use both photosynthesis and respiration C. both photosynthesis and respiration, while plants use only respiration D. both photosynthesis and respiration, while plants use only photosynthesis Description Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 11

12 19. Use the equation to select the BEST answer for a biochemical reaction. A. Energy from ATP is used to make glucose. B. ADP adds a high-energy bond to its structure. C. ADP is metabolized to provide oxygen to a cell. D. Energy is stored in the molecule ATP for future use. BIO.A Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Analyzing/Analysis 20. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration require all of the following EXCEPT: A. chlorophyll B. glucose C. oxygen D. water BIO.A Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations. Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge 21. Which of the following structural and functional changes DID NOT occur as man evolved from a four legged animal? A. mouth parts evolved for speaking B. hands evolved for use of tools C. back muscles evolved to carry heavy objects D. brain surface area evolved for problem solving Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 12

13 BIO.A Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e., organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms) Correct Answer: C Webb s: DOK Level An artificial cell containing an aqueous solution of [0.02 M sucrose, 0.01 M glucose, and 0.06 M fructose] enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane has just been immersed in a beaker containing a different aqueous solution [0.05 M sucrose, 0.03 M glucose, 0.01 M fructose] The membrane is permeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructose, but is completely impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell? A. glucose and fructose B. glucose and sucrose C. fructose D. glucose BIO.A Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis). Correct Answer: D Webb s: DOK Level 2 Analyzing/Analysis Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 13

14 23. Which statement BEST describes the plasma membrane? It is: A. nonpermeable to proteins B. freely permeable to all substances C. nonpermeable to all substances D. selectively permeable to certain substances BIO.A Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell. Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge 24. Which BEST describes the structure of a plasma membrane? A. a layer of proteins on top of a layer of phospholipids B. phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of proteins C. enzyme sandwiched between two layers of phospholipids D. proteins embedded within two layers of phospholipids BIO.A Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell. Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge 25. Active transport requires: A. a concentration gradient B. a hypertonic solution C. energy D. osmosis BIO.A Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis). Correct Answer: C. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 14

15 26. Chamber A contains 40% of the inert gas helium and chamber B contains 20% of the inert gas helium. The chambers are connected by a tube the molecules are free to cross. Which of the following will occur? A. helium will move from chamber A to chamber B B. the percent of helium in chamber A will increase C. helium will remain concentrated in chamber A D. all of the helium will move into chamber B BIO.A Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis). Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level Which cell organelle synthesizes proteins? A. lysosome B. vacuoles C. plasma membrane D. rough endoplasmic reticulum BIO.A Describe how membrane bound cellular organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) facilitate the transport of materials within a cell. Correct Answer: D. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 15

16 28. Simple diffusion of molecules would occur most rapidly in which of the cells? A. Cell X, because it has a smaller volume B. Cell Y, because it has a larger surface area C. Cell Y, because it can move around more quickly D. Cell X, because it synthesizes proteins at a faster rate BIO.A Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis). Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus work together in the cell. Select the BEST correct statement. A. the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus move materials through the cell membrane B. ribosomes are part of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and they produce proteins C. the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins D. both the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are the ATP energy producers of the cell BIO.A Describe how membrane bound cellular organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) facilitate the transport of materials within a cell. Correct Answer: C. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 16

17 30. A homeostatic imbalance: A. is a cause for most diseases B. must be restored by the organism C. exists when the organisms internal conditions are stable D. only occurs when the organism s positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed BIO.A Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation). Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level 1 Remembering/Knowledge 31. What is an example of an activity that the human body would utilize in response to an internally high temperature homeostatic imbalance? A. hair erector muscles contracting B. fluids secreted by the sweat glands C. decrease breathing to increase oxygen consumption D. shivering to release energy by muscle contraction BIO.A Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation). Correct Answer: B. Webb s: DOK Level What is the OPPOSITE of dehydration synthesis? A. large molecules are split with the addition of water B. water is removed from smaller molecules to form lager ones C. water is split to form oxygen and hydrogen gasses D. glucose is converted into energy and nitrogen wastes BIO.A Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). Correct Answer: A. Webb s: DOK Level 2 Remembering/Knowledge Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 17

18 33. Which of the following statements is TRUE of enzymes? They are: A. lipids that catalyze reactions by chemically reacting with components B. simple sugars that catalyze reactions by chemically reacting with components C. complex carbohydrates that catalyze reactions without chemically reacting D. proteins that catalyze reactions without chemically reacting BIO.A Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific biochemical reaction. Correct Answer: D Webb s: DOK Level 2 Remembering/Knowledge 34. Your teacher will provide you with instructions on where to answer this question. A common garden pest is the slug. They are covered with slime and they eat vegetable leaves. Gardeners will put salt on a slug if they see it in their garden. What happens to the slug? Why does this happen? Make sure you explain using the biological process and biological terminology. Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 18

19 BIO.A Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis). Correct Answer: Web s: DOK Level 2 Analyzing/Analysis Solution Sample Answer What happens to the slug Dies and shrinks Why - This is due to osmosis. The skin of the slug acts as a semi-permeable membrane where there are different concentrations of salt and water on each side. Remember that water will move from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water. The salt that you sprinkle on the slug mixes with water in the slime on the outside of the slug to make a salty solution. In any solution there is only so much room, so if there is a lot of salt, there is not a lot of water. There is more water, less salt on the inside of the slug, so water leaves the slug to mix with the salt outside the slug in order to equalize (or "more equalize") the water on both sides of the membrane. There is a net loss of water from the slug and it dehydrates to death. Scoring Guide for Open-Ended Response Item 3 Points The response demonstrates a thorough understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures required by the task(s). The response provides a clear, complete, and correct response as required by the task(s). The response may contain a minor blemish or omission in work or explanation that does not detract from demonstrating a thorough understanding. 2 Points The response demonstrates a partial understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures required by the task(s). The response is somewhat correct with partial understanding of the required scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. 1 Points The response demonstrates a minimal understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures required by the task(s). The response is somewhat correct with minimal understanding of the required scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. 0 Points The response is totally incorrect or irrelevant or contains insufficient information to demonstrate comprehension. Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 19

20 35. Your teacher will provide you with instructions on where to answer this question. The cycle diagram represents the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. What materials do box 1 and box 2 represent? Explain the cycle diagram using the two types of energy transformation including the efficiency of the cycle. Make sure you explain using the biological process and biological terminology. BIO.A Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Correct Answer: Web s: DOK Level 2 Analyzing/Analysis Solution Sample Answer What materials do box 1 and box 2 represent? Box 1 - Oxygen, Box 2 - Carbon Dioxide Explain the cycle diagram - Photosynthesis is the energy process used by plants and it produces oxygen, which is then used by animals as an element in cellular respiration. The product of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide, which is used by plants in photosynthesis. And the cycle continues indefinitely and is very efficient each process producing what the other process needs. Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 20

21 Scoring Guide for Open-Ended Response Item 3 Points The response demonstrates a thorough understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures required by the task(s). The response provides a clear, complete, and correct response as required by the task(s). The response may contain a minor blemish or omission in work or explanation that does not detract from demonstrating a thorough understanding. 2 Points The response demonstrates a partial understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures required by the task(s). The response is somewhat correct with partial understanding of the required scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. 1 Points The response demonstrates a minimal understanding of the scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures required by the task(s). The response is somewhat correct with minimal understanding of the required scientific content, concepts, and/or procedures demonstrated and/or explained. The response may contain some work that is incomplete or unclear. 0 Points The response is totally incorrect or irrelevant or contains insufficient information to demonstrate comprehension. Keystone Biology Benchmark PA Keystone Test 1 v2.1 OHS (All rights reserved Permission to reproduce required) Page 21