Respiration occurs in the mitochondria in cells.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Respiration occurs in the mitochondria in cells."

Transcription

1 B3 Question Which process occurs in the mitochondria in cells? Why do the liver and muscle cells have large number of mitochondria? What is the function of the ribosomes? Answer Respiration occurs in the mitochondria in cells. Liver and muscle cells require more energy so have more mitochondria. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Where are the ribosomes situated? Ribosomes are in the cytoplasm What do you need to use to see A microscope. ribosomes and some other structures in cells? What substance are chromosomes made Chromosomes are made of DNA of? What do chromosomes carry? Coded information in the form of genes. What is the name of the coded The genetic code information in genes? What does DNA control? DNA controls the production of proteins What are proteins needed for? Proteins are needed for growth and repair. What is the structure of DNA? DNA has two strands coiled to form a double helix Each strand contains chemicals called bases there are four types Cross-links are formed between the strands by pairs of bases. Chromosomes are divided into areas Genes. called? What does each gene contain? Each gene contains a different sequence of bases Each gene codes for a particular protein. Where are proteins made? Proteins are made in the cytoplasm (ribosomes) Why is a copy of the gene needed to make proteins? A copy is needed because the gene itself cannot leave the nucleus. What are the four letters that A, T, G and C represent the four bases in DNA? What are the complimentary base A-T and G-C. pairs?? What does the base sequence in DNA determine in proteins? The base sequence determines the amino acid sequence in proteins. What is the name of the molecule that mrna takes information from DNA to the ribosomes takes information from the DNA to the ribosomes? How does DNA control cell function? DNA controls cell function by controlling the production of What are the names of the scientists that first worked out the structure of DNA? proteins some of which are enzymes. Watson and Crick were the first to work out the structure of DNA. What information from other scientists did Watson and Crick use to determine the structure of DNA? Why wasn t Watson and Crick s discovery accepted immediately? X-ray data showing the double helix structure Data indicating that the bases occurred in pairs Work of scientists needs to be repeated or tested by other scientists before it is accepted. Give three examples of proteins. Collagen Insulin Haemoglobin. What are proteins made of? Long chains of amino acids

2 What are the functions of proteins? Structure (collagen) Hormones (insulin) Carrier molecules (haemoglobin) Enzymes Why do proteins have different functions? Different proteins have different functions because they have different sequences of amino acids. What do enzymes do to chemical Enzymes speed up chemical reactions reactions? What are enzymes made of? Enzymes are proteins. When do enzymes work best? Enzymes work best at certain temperatures Which biological processes do enzymes Respiration catalyse? Photosynthesis Protein synthesis. What is meant by the lock and key Enzymes have a high specificity for their substrate mechanism? Enzymes have an active site that only fits certain substrates How can the rate of an enzyme catalysed By changing the ph reaction be changed? By changing the temperature. What happens to enzymes at high temperature or ph? Enzymes denature at extreme temperature or ph Denaturing in an irreversible process and stops the enzyme from working properly Denaturing changes the shape of the active site. What does denaturing do to the enzyme s active site? What are gene mutations? Changes to genes What will different cells produce? Different cells will produce different proteins. What might gene mutations lead to? Gene mutations may lead to the production of different proteins. How can mutations occur? Spontaneously Due to radiation Due to chemicals Are mutations always harmful? Mutations are not always harmful; they can sometimes be beneficial or have no effect. Do all cells use the full set of genes No, some genes are switched off. contained in each cell? Which cells are switched off determines the function of the cell How do genetic mutations lead to different protein production? Gene mutations change the sequence of bases in the gene which leads to changes in the amino acid sequence in the protein produced. Where does the energy for all life processes come from? What is the word equation for respiration? Which processes require energy from respiration? What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis? Respiration Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water Muscle contraction Protein synthesis Control of body temperature in mammals C 6H 12O 6 + O 2 CO 2 +H 2O. Apart from carbon dioxide and water what substance does respiration result in the production of? ATP What is ATP used for? ATP is the energy source for many processes in cells Why can oxygen consumption be Because aerobic respiration requires oxygen used as an estimate for metabolic

3 rate? Why is the rate of respiration influenced by changes in ph and temperature? Why do breathing and pulse rate increase during exercise? Why does anaerobic respiration take place during hard exercise in addition to aerobic respiration? What is the name of the substance produced by anaerobic respiration that causes pain and fatigue? What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration? Which process produces the most energy per glucose molecule aerobic or anaerobic respiration? What is fatigue in terms of lactic acid build up (oxygen debt) and how is this removed during recovery? Enzymes are used in respiration and changes in ph and temperature will cause the enzymes to denature. The muscle cells require more oxygen when exercising. Oxygen cannot be supplied to the muscles fast enough for all energy required to be produced by aerobic respiration. Lactic acid Glucose lactic acid Aerobic respiration Hard exercise causes lack of oxygen in cells This results in the incomplete breakdown of glucose. Continued panting after exercise to replace oxygen allowing aerobic respiration Heart rate increased to ensure that blood carries lactic acid away to the liver. In terms of cells, what is the difference between an amoeba and a dog? An amoeba is a unicellular organism and a dog is a multicellular organism. What are the advantages of being Allows organisms to be larger multicellular? Allows for cell differentiation Allows organism to become more complex. Why do multicellular organisms Communication between cells require specialised organ systems? Supplying the cells with nutrients Controlling exchanges with the environment. How are chromosomes arranged in most They are arranged in pairs. body cells? Why do chromosomes have to be copied to produce new cells? So that the new cells have exactly the same genetic information as the original. Why is cell division necessary? To replace worn out cells To repair damaged tissue For asexual reproduction What is the name of the process that Mitosis creates new cells for growth? What are cells that have two copies of Diploid each chromosome called? Why does DNA have to be replicated before cells divide? So when the cell divides the daughter cells have a complete set of DNA. How does DNA replicate? The DNA unzips to form single strands. New double strands forming by complementary base pairing. What happens to chromosomes The chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell. during mitosis? They then divide The copies move to opposite poles of the cell. What are sperm and egg cells called? Gametes What happens to gametes during The gametes join during fertilisation. fertilisation? How many chromosomes do gametes have in comparison to body cells? Gametes have half the number of chromosomes compared to body cells. When creating a unique individual where do half the genes come from? In sexual reproduction to produce a unique individual half the genes come from each parent.

4 Why are sperm cells are produced in large numbers? How are gametes produced? What is the term for a cell with one copy of each chromosome? Why does fertilisation result in genetic variation? Why does a sperm cell have many mitochondria? What does the acrosome in a sperm cell do? Why is the chromosome number halved in meiosis? To increase the chance of fertilisation. Gametes are produced by meiosis. Haploid Gametes combine to form a diploid zygote Genes on the chromosomes combine to control the characteristics of the zygote. To provide energy The acrosome releases enzymes to digest the egg membrane. One chromosome from each pair separate to opposite poles of cells in the first division In the second division the chromosomes divide and move to the opposite ends of the cell This makes each cell genetically different. What is the function of the red blood Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body cells? What is the function of the white blood White blood cells protect the body from infection cells? What is the function of platelets? Platelets help blood to clot How is a red blood cell adapted to its Small enough to fit through the membranes of capillaries function? Shaped so that it has a large surface area Contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide No nucleus to maximise space to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide What is the function of plasma? Carries other chemicals around the body What is the name of the substance Oxyhaemoglobin formed when oxygen and haemoglobin react? Where does the reverse of the above In the tissues reaction take place? What are the three blood vessels in the Arteries body? Veins Capillaries What do the three blood vessels in the Arteries transport blood away from the heart body do? Veins transport blood to the heart Capillaries exchanging materials with tissues How are the three blood vessels Arteries have thick muscular and elastic walls adapted to their functions? Veins have large lumen and values to prevent back flow Capillaries have permeable walls Where does the right side of the heart The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs pump blood to? Where does the left side of the heart pump blood to? The left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body Where is blood at higher pressure Blood is at higher pressure in the arteries veins or arteries? Why does blood flow from one place to another? Blood flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure What do the left and right ventricles in They pump blood. the heart do? Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscle wall than the right ventricle? The left ventricle has to pump blood around the entire body.

5 What do the left and right atria in the heart do? What do the semilunar, tricuspid and bicuspid valves do in the heart? What are the four main blood vessels of the heart? What is the advantage of the double circulatory system in mammals? The receive blood. They prevent backflow. Aorta Vena cava Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Can pump at higher pressure Therefore greater rate of flow to the tissues What is the function of the vacuole in a Contains cell sap and provides support plant cell? What is the cell wall made of? Cellulose to provide support What is the difference between bacterial and animal and plants cells? Bacterial cells are simpler and smaller than animal and plant cells. What do bacterial cells lack? A true nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts How is the arrangement of the DNA in No nucleus in a bacterial cell a bacterial cell and an animal/plant cell different? Circular strand in a bacterial cell and chromosomes in an animal/plant cell How can growth be measured? As an increase in height As an increase in wet or dry mass What is the best measurement of Dry mass growth? When are the two rapid phases of One just after birth growth in human growth? One in adolescence How can growth be described in terms of Cell division then cells becoming specialised cell division? What is the process by which cells Cell differentiation become specialised called? What are undifferentiated cells called? Stem cells Where are stem cells obtained from? Embryonic tissue What can stem cells develop into? Different cells, tissues and organs What is the difference between adult and embryonic stem cells? Adult stem cells can only become certain cells. Embryonic stem cells can become all types of body How is animal and plant growth different? What is the name of the areas of plants where cell division happens? What is the main method by which plants gain height? What do many plant cells keep but most animals lose at an early stage? cell Animals only grow in the early stages of their lives and reach a finite size Plants grow continually All parts of an animal are involved in growth Plants grow at specific parts of the plant. Meristems Cell enlargement The ability to differentiate What is the process of selective Selection of desired characteristics breeding? Cross breeding individuals with those characteristics Selection of suitable offspring over may generations What can selective breeding lead to? Inbreeding which can cause health problems within the species How can selective breeding reduce Accumulation of harmful recessive characteristics

6 the gene pool? Reduction in variation What is artificially transferring genes Genetic engineering or genetic modification from living to another called? Give an advantage of genetic engineering Give a risk involved with genetic engineering Give three examples of genetic engineering What is the process of genetic engineering? What might it be possible for genetic engineering to do in the future? What is it called when a person s genes are changed in an attempt to cure disorders? What type of cells could gene therapy involve? Why is gene therapy involving gametes controversial? Organisms with desired features are produced rapidly Inserted genes may have unexpected harmful effects Inserting the gene from carrots that produces betacarotene into rice so that humans can process betacarotene into vitamin A from rice. Production of human insulin by genetically engineered bacteria Transferring resistance to herbicides, frost damage or disease to crop plants Selection of desired characteristics Isolation of genes responsible Insertion of genes into other organisms Replication of these organisms Change a person s genes and cure certain disorders Gene therapy Body cells or gametes If genes can be changed to cure disorders before conception, what other genetic characteristics could be changed prior to conception of a baby?

B2 Revision. Subject Module Date Biology B2 13 TH May (am)

B2 Revision. Subject Module Date Biology B2 13 TH May (am) B2 Revision Subject Module Date Biology B2 13 TH May (am) Useful websites www.aqa.org.uk This website contains the specifications that we follow and also has a large number of past papers and mark schemes

More information

PRESTWICK ACADEMY NATIONAL 5 BIOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY SUMMARY

PRESTWICK ACADEMY NATIONAL 5 BIOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY SUMMARY Name PRESTWICK ACADEMY NATIONAL 5 BIOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY SUMMARY Cell Structure Identify animal, plant, fungal and bacterial cell ultrastructure and know the structures functions. Plant cell Animal cell

More information

Cells, tissues and organs

Cells, tissues and organs Chapter 8: Cells, tissues and organs Cells: building blocks of life Living things are made of cells. Many of the chemical reactions that keep organisms alive (metabolic functions) take place in cells.

More information

AS Biology Unit 2 Key Terms and Definitions. Make sure you use these terms when answering exam questions!

AS Biology Unit 2 Key Terms and Definitions. Make sure you use these terms when answering exam questions! AS Biology Unit 2 Key Terms and Definitions Make sure you use these terms when answering exam questions! Chapter 7 Variation 7.1 Random Sampling Sampling a population to eliminate bias e.g. grid square

More information

12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity

12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity 12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity Only in the last 50 years have scientists understood the role of DNA in heredity. That understanding began with the discovery of DNA s structure. In 1952, Rosalind Franklin

More information

Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012. GCSE Biology 5BI2H/01

Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012. GCSE Biology 5BI2H/01 Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012 GCSE Biology 5BI2H/01 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the world s leading learning company. We provide a wide range

More information

1 The diagram shows blood as seen under a microscope. Which identifies parts P, Q, R and S of the blood?

1 The diagram shows blood as seen under a microscope. Which identifies parts P, Q, R and S of the blood? 1 1 The diagram shows blood as seen under a microscope. Which identifies parts P, Q, R and S of the blood? 2 The plan shows the blood system of a mammal. What does the part labelled X represent? A heart

More information

The chemical reactions inside cells are controlled by enzymes. Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function.

The chemical reactions inside cells are controlled by enzymes. Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function. 12.1 What are animals and plants built from? All living things are made up of cells. The structures of different types of cells are related to their functions. to relate the structure of different types

More information

MCAS Biology. Review Packet

MCAS Biology. Review Packet MCAS Biology Review Packet 1 Name Class Date 1. Define organic. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 2. All living things are made up of 6 essential elements: SPONCH. Name the six elements of life. S N P C O H 3. Elements

More information

Functions of Blood System. Blood Cells

Functions of Blood System. Blood Cells Functions of Blood System Transport: to and from tissue cells Nutrients to cells: amino acids, glucose, vitamins, minerals, lipids (as lipoproteins). Oxygen: by red blood corpuscles (oxyhaemoglobin - 4

More information

Get It Right. Answers. Chapter 1: The Science of Life. A biologist studies all living things.

Get It Right. Answers. Chapter 1: The Science of Life. A biologist studies all living things. Discover Biology 'N' Level Science Chapter 1 Chapter 1: The Science of Life A biologist studies all living things. In order to carry out the scientific method, we need to ask questions. Discover Biology

More information

CHAPTER 2: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT

CHAPTER 2: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT CHAPTER 2: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT HUMAN BEING PLANTS Function of heart Wilting Structure of heart Blood vessels: characteristics and functions Transpiration: function

More information

Given these characteristics of life, which of the following objects is considered a living organism? W. X. Y. Z.

Given these characteristics of life, which of the following objects is considered a living organism? W. X. Y. Z. Cell Structure and Organization 1. All living things must possess certain characteristics. They are all composed of one or more cells. They can grow, reproduce, and pass their genes on to their offspring.

More information

Investigating cells. Cells are the basic units of living things (this means that all living things are made up of one or more cells).

Investigating cells. Cells are the basic units of living things (this means that all living things are made up of one or more cells). SG Biology Summary notes Investigating cells Sub-topic a: Investigating living cells Cells are the basic units of living things (this means that all living things are made up of one or more cells). Cells

More information

Unit 2 Cell Biology Page 1

Unit 2 Cell Biology Page 1 Sub-Topics Include: 2.1 Cell structure 2.2 Transport across cell membranes 2.3 Producing new cells 2.4 DNA and the production of proteins 2.5 Proteins and enzymes 2.6 Genetic Engineering 2.7 Respiration

More information

Introduction to the Cell: Plant and Animal Cells

Introduction to the Cell: Plant and Animal Cells Introduction to the Cell: Plant and Animal Cells Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things Cells, Cell Division, and Animal Systems and Plant Systems Cell Specialization Human Systems All organisms

More information

Cells & Cell Organelles

Cells & Cell Organelles Cells & Cell Organelles The Building Blocks of Life H Biology Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote - no organelles Eukaryotes - organelles animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell

More information

B2 H Mock Exam October 2014

B2 H Mock Exam October 2014 B2 H Mock Exam October 204 B2. - B2.6 64 minutes 64 marks 5x 4x2 2x3 Page of 34 Q. The diagram shows a cell. (a) (i) Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B. cell membrane chloroplast

More information

B2 1 Cells, Tissues and Organs

B2 1 Cells, Tissues and Organs B2 Cells, Tissues and Organs 5 minutes 5 marks Page of 7 Q. The diagram shows a bacterium. On the drawing, name the structures labelled A, B, C and D. (Total 4 marks) Q2. (a) The diagrams show cells containing

More information

tissues are made of cells that work together, organs are )

tissues are made of cells that work together, organs are ) Study Guide Cells Unit Test Matching. Write the letter of the correct response on the line. You may use the responses more than once. A. proteins B. simple carbohydrates C. complex carbohydrates D. lipids

More information

Cell and Membrane Practice. A. chromosome B. gene C. mitochondrion D. vacuole

Cell and Membrane Practice. A. chromosome B. gene C. mitochondrion D. vacuole Name: ate: 1. Which structure is outside the nucleus of a cell and contains N?. chromosome. gene. mitochondrion. vacuole 2. potato core was placed in a beaker of water as shown in the figure below. Which

More information

Draw one line from each structure in List A to the correct information about the structure in List B.

Draw one line from each structure in List A to the correct information about the structure in List B. Q. The drawing shows the cell of a bacterium. (a) List A gives the four structures labelled on the diagram. List B includes information about each structure. Draw one line from each structure in List A

More information

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 11 th Edition, 2015 Marieb

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 11 th Edition, 2015 Marieb A Correlation of Essentials of Human Anatomy Marieb To the Next Generation Science Standards Life A Correlation of, HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes HS-LS1-1. Construct an explanation

More information

Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1. 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.

Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1. 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain. Cellular Respiration Worksheet 1 1. What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain. 2. Where in the cell does the glycolysis part of cellular

More information

1 Mutation and Genetic Change

1 Mutation and Genetic Change CHAPTER 14 1 Mutation and Genetic Change SECTION Genes in Action KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is the origin of genetic differences among organisms? What kinds

More information

Unit 1 Higher Human Biology Summary Notes

Unit 1 Higher Human Biology Summary Notes Unit 1 Higher Human Biology Summary Notes a. Cells tissues organs body systems Division of labour occurs in multicellular organisms (rather than each cell carrying out every function) Most cells become

More information

Reproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1

Reproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1 Reproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1 1. Which two glands in the diagram produce gametes? A. glands A and B B. glands B and E C. glands C and F D. glands E and F 2. Base your answer

More information

H.W. 1 Bio 101 Prof. Fournier

H.W. 1 Bio 101 Prof. Fournier H.W. 1 Bio 101 Prof. Fournier 1. What is a similarity between all bacteria and plants? A) They both have a nucleus B) They are both composed of cells C) They both have chloroplasts D) They both lack a

More information

Blood vessels. transport blood throughout the body

Blood vessels. transport blood throughout the body Circulatory System Parts and Organs Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body Arteries blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart Pulmonary arteries carry the deoxygenated blood from heart

More information

hij GCSE Additional Science Biology 2 Higher Tier Biology 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version 1.0

hij GCSE Additional Science Biology 2 Higher Tier Biology 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version 1.0 hij GCSE Additional Science Biology 2 Higher Tier Biology 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version.0 Copyright 20 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is

More information

Unit I: Introduction To Scientific Processes

Unit I: Introduction To Scientific Processes Unit I: Introduction To Scientific Processes This unit is an introduction to the scientific process. This unit consists of a laboratory exercise where students go through the QPOE2 process step by step

More information

3120-1 - Page 1. Name:

3120-1 - Page 1. Name: Name: 1) Which series is arranged in correct order according to decreasing size of structures? A) DNA, nucleus, chromosome, nucleotide, nitrogenous base B) chromosome, nucleus, nitrogenous base, nucleotide,

More information

CHAPTER 2 : CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

CHAPTER 2 : CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE CHAPTER 2 : CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE Parts of microscope : An instrument that magnifies minute objects so they can be seen easily. It is one of the most important tools of science. Physicians and

More information

chemicals > transported from outside to in > waste products created > they need to be removed

chemicals > transported from outside to in > waste products created > they need to be removed 1 Transport systems chemicals > transported from outside to in > waste products created > they need to be removed Simple organisms Diffusion the free movement of particles in a liquid or a gas down a concentration

More information

DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!!

DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! The Discovery of DNA s Structure Watson and Crick s discovery of DNA s structure was based on almost fifty years of research by other

More information

1. When new cells are formed through the process of mitosis, the number of chromosomes in the new cells

1. When new cells are formed through the process of mitosis, the number of chromosomes in the new cells Cell Growth and Reproduction 1. When new cells are formed through the process of mitosis, the number of chromosomes in the new cells A. is half of that of the parent cell. B. remains the same as in the

More information

The Circulatory System. Chapter 17 Lesson 1

The Circulatory System. Chapter 17 Lesson 1 The Circulatory System Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Functions of the Circulatory System Your circulatory system maintains an internal environment in which all the cells in your body are nourished. As your heart

More information

REVIEW for BIOLOGY UNIT TEST

REVIEW for BIOLOGY UNIT TEST REVIEW for BIOLOGY UNIT TEST NOTE: The Unit Test will cover everything we have learned in the Biology Unit, starting from cell structures, cell division, various organ systems, disorders, organ donation,

More information

Circulatory System Review

Circulatory System Review Circulatory System Review 1. Draw a table to describe the similarities and differences between arteries and veins? Anatomy Direction of blood flow: Oxygen concentration: Arteries Thick, elastic smooth

More information

1. The diagram below represents a biological process

1. The diagram below represents a biological process 1. The diagram below represents a biological process 5. The chart below indicates the elements contained in four different molecules and the number of atoms of each element in those molecules. Which set

More information

Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes. 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes. 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. Ability to store hereditary information b. Use of organelles to control

More information

Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1

Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1 Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1 1. Removing part of gland D would most likely result in A. a decrease in the secretions of other glands B. a decrease in the blood calcium level C. an increase in

More information

Chapter 16: Circulation

Chapter 16: Circulation Section 1 (The Body s Transport System) Chapter 16: Circulation 7 th Grade Cardiovascular system (the circulatory system) includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood carries needed substances to the cells

More information

12.1: The Function of Circulation page 478

12.1: The Function of Circulation page 478 12.1: The Function of Circulation page 478 Key Terms: Circulatory system, heart, blood vessel, blood, open circulatory system, closed circulatory system, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, atrioventricular

More information

Meiosis is a special form of cell division.

Meiosis is a special form of cell division. Page 1 of 6 KEY CONCEPT Meiosis is a special form of cell division. BEFORE, you learned Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells In sexual reproduction, offspring inherit traits from both parents

More information

Regents Biology REGENTS REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Regents Biology REGENTS REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Period Date REGENTS REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1. The diagram at the right represents a portion of a type of organic molecule present in the cells of organisms. What will most likely happen if there is

More information

The Cell Teaching Notes and Answer Keys

The Cell Teaching Notes and Answer Keys The Cell Teaching Notes and Answer Keys Subject area: Science / Biology Topic focus: The Cell: components, types of cells, organelles, levels of organization Learning Aims: describe similarities and differences

More information

Bio EOC Topics for Cell Reproduction: Bio EOC Questions for Cell Reproduction:

Bio EOC Topics for Cell Reproduction: Bio EOC Questions for Cell Reproduction: Bio EOC Topics for Cell Reproduction: Asexual vs. sexual reproduction Mitosis steps, diagrams, purpose o Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis Meiosis steps, diagrams, purpose

More information

www.njctl.org PSI Biology Mitosis & Meiosis

www.njctl.org PSI Biology Mitosis & Meiosis Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis Classwork 1. Identify two differences between meiosis and mitosis. 2. Provide an example of a type of cell in the human body that would undergo mitosis. 3. Does cell division

More information

Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1

Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1 Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1 1. Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction? A. Energy is being stored as a result of aerobic respiration. B. Fermentation

More information

2161-1 - Page 1. Name: 1) Choose the disease that is most closely related to the given phrase. Questions 10 and 11 refer to the following:

2161-1 - Page 1. Name: 1) Choose the disease that is most closely related to the given phrase. Questions 10 and 11 refer to the following: Name: 2161-1 - Page 1 1) Choose the disease that is most closely related to the given phrase. a disease of the bone marrow characterized by uncontrolled production of white blood cells A) meningitis B)

More information

Mark Scheme. Additional Science 4408 / Biology 4401. General Certificate of Secondary Education. BL2HP Unit Biology 2. 2012 examination June series

Mark Scheme. Additional Science 4408 / Biology 4401. General Certificate of Secondary Education. BL2HP Unit Biology 2. 2012 examination June series Version : 0/08/202 General Certificate of Secondary Education Additional Science 4408 / Biology 440 Unit Biology 2 Mark Scheme 202 examination June series Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner

More information

6023-1 - Page 1. Name: 4) The diagram below represents a beaker containing a solution of various molecules involved in digestion.

6023-1 - Page 1. Name: 4) The diagram below represents a beaker containing a solution of various molecules involved in digestion. Name: 6023-1 - Page 1 1) Which one of the following situations indicates a serious organ system malfunction? A) Mitochondria stop functioning in a unicellular organism exposed to pollutants. B) White blood

More information

Enzymes. A. a lipid B. a protein C. a carbohydrate D. a mineral

Enzymes. A. a lipid B. a protein C. a carbohydrate D. a mineral Enzymes 1. All cells in multicellular organisms contain thousands of different kinds of enzymes that are specialized to catalyze different chemical reactions. Given this information, which of the following

More information

Name Date Period. Keystone Review Enzymes

Name Date Period. Keystone Review Enzymes Name Date Period Keystone Review Enzymes 1. In order for cells to function properly, the enzymes that they contain must also function properly. What can be inferred using the above information? A. Cells

More information

Chapter 1: Life Processes

Chapter 1: Life Processes The human body is composed of countless millions of units called cells. In an animal like a human there are many different types of cells, with different structures. They are specialised so that they can

More information

Respiration Worksheet. Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food. Types of Respiration. Aerobic Respiration

Respiration Worksheet. Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food. Types of Respiration. Aerobic Respiration Respiration Worksheet Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food The food involved in respiration is usually Internal respiration is controlled by which allow energy to be released in The

More information

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE CHROMOSOME NUMBERS

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE CHROMOSOME NUMBERS CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE 1. During nuclear division, the DNA (as chromatin) in a Eukaryotic cell's nucleus is coiled into very tight compact structures called chromosomes. These are rod-shaped structures made

More information

Fifth Grade Cells: Structures and Processes Assessment

Fifth Grade Cells: Structures and Processes Assessment Fifth Grade Cells: Structures and Processes Assessment 1a. All living things are made up of. a. cells b. tissues c. organisms d. systems 1b. All living things are made up of. 1c. Explain what cells are

More information

Paper 1 Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. For each question, choose one answer only

Paper 1 Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. For each question, choose one answer only hapter 19 lood irculation and Transport Paper 1 nswer all questions. Each question is followed by four options,,, and. For each question, choose one answer only 1. Type of blood cell P Q R Function Protects

More information

UNIT 3 : MAINTAINING DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

UNIT 3 : MAINTAINING DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM BIOLOGY - 2201 UNIT 3 : MAINTAINING DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM What happens to your body as you run? Breathing, heart rate, temperature, muscle pain, thirsty... Homeotasis Homeostasis is the process of maintaining

More information

Germ cell formation / gametogenesis And Fertilisation

Germ cell formation / gametogenesis And Fertilisation Developmental Biology BY1101 P. Murphy Lecture 3 The first steps to forming a new organism Descriptive embryology I Germ cell formation / gametogenesis And Fertilisation Why bother with sex? In terms of

More information

the plant & animal cell

the plant & animal cell 6.1 Basic unit of life Biology Biology Structure & functions of 06 the plant & animal cell In 1665, Robert Hooke observed a section of a cork using a microscope prepared by him. He discovered a structure

More information

BIOLOGY HIGHER LEVEL

BIOLOGY HIGHER LEVEL 2008. M44 Write your Examination Number here Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2008 BIOLOGY HIGHER LEVEL THURSDAY, 12 JUNE MORNING, 9.30 TO 12.30

More information

CELLS: PLANT CELLS 20 FEBRUARY 2013

CELLS: PLANT CELLS 20 FEBRUARY 2013 CELLS: PLANT CELLS 20 FEBRUARY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we will discuss the following: The Cell Theory Terminology Parts of Plant Cells: Organelles Difference between plant and animal cells

More information

The Living Cell from the Biology: The Science of Life Series. Pre-Test

The Living Cell from the Biology: The Science of Life Series. Pre-Test 1 Pre-Test Directions: Answer each question TRUE OR FALSE. 1. The instructions for making proteins are stored in molecules of DNA. 2. Proteins are made in the nucleus. 3. All cells are surrounded by a

More information

Chapter 19 Ci C r i cula l t a i t o i n

Chapter 19 Ci C r i cula l t a i t o i n Chapter 19 Circulation A closed system Circulatory System Consisting of Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Blood & the Lymphatic system Blood Make up The blood is made up of Plasma and three main types

More information

Basic Biological Principles Module A Anchor 1

Basic Biological Principles Module A Anchor 1 Basic Biological Principles Module A Anchor 1 Key Concepts: - Living things are made of units called cells, are based on a universal genetic code, obtain and use materials and energy, grow and develop,

More information

BioBoot Camp Genetics

BioBoot Camp Genetics BioBoot Camp Genetics BIO.B.1.2.1 Describe how the process of DNA replication results in the transmission and/or conservation of genetic information DNA Replication is the process of DNA being copied before

More information

Genetic Mutations. Indicator 4.8: Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes.

Genetic Mutations. Indicator 4.8: Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. Genetic Mutations Indicator 4.8: Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. Agenda Warm UP: What is a mutation? Body cell? Gamete? Notes on Mutations Karyotype Web Activity

More information

AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline

AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration Outline I. How cells get energy. A. Cellular Respiration 1. Cellular respiration includes the various metabolic pathways that break down carbohydrates and other

More information

0610 BIOLOGY. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers.

0610 BIOLOGY. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0610 BIOLOGY 0610/32 Paper 3 (Extended), maximum raw mark 80 This

More information

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2012 question paper for the guidance of teachers 5090 BIOLOGY. 5090/22 Paper 2 (Theory), maximum raw mark 80

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2012 question paper for the guidance of teachers 5090 BIOLOGY. 5090/22 Paper 2 (Theory), maximum raw mark 80 www.xtremepapers.com UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Ordinary Level MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2012 question paper for the guidance of teachers 5090 BIOLOGY 5090/22 Paper 2 (Theory),

More information

Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Name Period Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Concept 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 1. Let s begin with a review of several terms that you may already know.

More information

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level BIOLOGY 9700/01

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level BIOLOGY 9700/01 www.xtremepapers.com MRIGE INTERNTINL EXMINTINS General ertificate of Education dvanced Subsidiary Level and dvanced Level ILGY 9700/01 Paper 1 Multiple hoice May/June 2003 dditional Materials: Multiple

More information

Compartmentalization of the Cell. Objectives. Recommended Reading. Professor Alfred Cuschieri. Department of Anatomy University of Malta

Compartmentalization of the Cell. Objectives. Recommended Reading. Professor Alfred Cuschieri. Department of Anatomy University of Malta Compartmentalization of the Cell Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta Objectives By the end of this session the student should be able to: 1. Identify the different organelles

More information

Structure and Function of DNA

Structure and Function of DNA Structure and Function of DNA DNA and RNA Structure DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four

More information

DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations. Chapters 12-13.3

DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations. Chapters 12-13.3 DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis, and Mutations Chapters 12-13.3 1A)Identify the components of DNA and explain its role in heredity. DNA s Role in heredity: Contains the genetic information of a cell that can

More information

Science 10-Biology Activity 14 Worksheet on Sexual Reproduction

Science 10-Biology Activity 14 Worksheet on Sexual Reproduction Science 10-Biology Activity 14 Worksheet on Sexual Reproduction 10 Name Due Date Show Me NOTE: This worksheet is based on material from pages 367-372 in Science Probe. 1. Sexual reproduction requires parents,

More information

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education *1981377663* ambridge International Examinations ambridge International General ertificate of Secondary Education IOLOGY 0610/11 Paper 1 Multiple hoice May/June 2014 dditional Materials: Multiple hoice

More information

A disaccharide is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides. This covalent bond is called a glycosidic linkage.

A disaccharide is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides. This covalent bond is called a glycosidic linkage. CH 5 Structure & Function of Large Molecules: Macromolecules Molecules of Life All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic

More information

Plant and Animal Cells

Plant and Animal Cells Plant and Animal Cells a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow, divide and to make needed materials. S7L2a b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and

More information

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell. 1. Cell Basics. Limits to Cell Size. 1. Cell Basics. 2. Prokaryotic Cells. 3. Eukaryotic Cells

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell. 1. Cell Basics. Limits to Cell Size. 1. Cell Basics. 2. Prokaryotic Cells. 3. Eukaryotic Cells Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell 1. Cell Basics 2. Prokaryotic Cells 3. Eukaryotic Cells 1. Cell Basics Limits to Cell Size There are 2 main reasons why cells are so small: If cells get too large: 1) there

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION reflect Wind turbines shown in the photo on the right are large structures with blades that move in response to air movement. When the wind blows, the blades rotate. This motion generates energy that is

More information

Master Curriculum Topic Study: Human Body Systems

Master Curriculum Topic Study: Human Body Systems Master Curriculum Topic Study: Human Body Systems Session C Section I: Culminating Ideas for Adult Literacy 1. The fundamental building block of organisms is cells. a. Cells combine to form tissues, which

More information

Proteins and Nucleic Acids

Proteins and Nucleic Acids Proteins and Nucleic Acids Chapter 5 Macromolecules: Proteins Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group of biomolecules. : o Involved in almost everything o Enzymes o Structure (keratin,

More information

Section A: Organisms and Life Processes

Section A: Organisms and Life Processes Section A: Organisms and Life Processes The cells of all living organisms have common features, and the organisms themselves share common processes. In this chapter you will read about these features and

More information

Sexual Reproduction. The specialized cells that are required for sexual reproduction are known as. And come from the process of: GAMETES

Sexual Reproduction. The specialized cells that are required for sexual reproduction are known as. And come from the process of: GAMETES Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction We know all about asexual reproduction 1. Only one parent required. 2. Offspring are identical to parents. 3. The cells that produce the offspring are not usually

More information

1. Why is mitosis alone insufficient for the life cycle of sexually reproducing eukaryotes?

1. Why is mitosis alone insufficient for the life cycle of sexually reproducing eukaryotes? Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 1. Why is mitosis alone insufficient for the life cycle of sexually reproducing eukaryotes? 2. Define: gamete zygote meiosis homologous chromosomes diploid haploid

More information

Genetic material of all living organisms. Biology - 100

Genetic material of all living organisms. Biology - 100 Genetic material of all living organisms. Biology - 100 This antibiotic is made from a fungus that was first discovered growing on an orange and it became the first antibiotic to treat infection. Biology

More information

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE. BIOL 101 Introduction to Biology

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE. BIOL 101 Introduction to Biology STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE BIOL 101 Introduction to Biology Prepared By: W. David Barnes SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, HEALTH & PROFESSIONAL STUDIES SCIENCE

More information

ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes

ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes ISTEP+: Biology I End-of-Course Assessment Released Items and Scoring Notes Page 1 of 22 Introduction Indiana students enrolled in Biology I participated in the ISTEP+: Biology I Graduation Examination

More information

Biology 12 June 2003 Provincial Examination

Biology 12 June 2003 Provincial Examination Biology 12 June 2003 rovincial Examination ANWER KEY / CORING GUIDE CURRICULUM: Organizers 1. Cell Biology 2. Cell rocesses and Applications 3. Human Biology ub-organizers A, B, C, D E, F, G, H I, J, K,

More information

1. When you come to a station, attempt to answer each question for that station.

1. When you come to a station, attempt to answer each question for that station. Name: Block: Steps for completing this study guide 1. When you come to a station, attempt to answer each question for that station. 2. Once you are done answering the questions, or if you can t answer

More information

Cellular Energy. 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following?

Cellular Energy. 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following? Cellular Energy 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following? A. plants, but not animals B. animals, but not plants C. bacteria, but neither animals nor plants D. all living organisms 2.

More information

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES. (a) A - liver; 1 B -brain; 1 C - heart; 1 D - lung; 1 E - kidney; 1. (b) (i) E/kidney; 1. (ii) C/heart; 1.

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES. (a) A - liver; 1 B -brain; 1 C - heart; 1 D - lung; 1 E - kidney; 1. (b) (i) E/kidney; 1. (ii) C/heart; 1. QUESTIONSHEET 1 A - liver; 1 B -brain; 1 C - heart; 1 D - lung; 1 E - kidney; 1 (b) (i) E/kidney; 1 C/heart; 1 (iii) B/brain; 1 (iv) D/lungs; 1 QUESTIONSHEET 2 (i) artery; 1 eye; 1 (iii) stomach; 1 (iv)

More information

What You Absolutely Must Know to Pass the NYS Living Environment / Biology Regents

What You Absolutely Must Know to Pass the NYS Living Environment / Biology Regents What You Absolutely Must Know to Pass the NYS Living Environment / Biology Regents UNIT ONE: Science of the Living Environment A. Terms: 1. Observation: What is seen or measured. 2. Inference: A conclusion

More information

Lesson Aim To explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes.

Lesson Aim To explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes. LESSON 1. CELLS & TISSUES Lesson Aim To explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes. THE CELL All living matter is composed of functional

More information

THE LIVING CELL. Cells also have variety of shapes. Plant cells are often rectangular or polygonal, while egg cells are usually spherical.

THE LIVING CELL. Cells also have variety of shapes. Plant cells are often rectangular or polygonal, while egg cells are usually spherical. THE LIVING CELL A Tour of the cell The cell is the smallest and the basic unit of structure of all organisms. There are two main types or categories of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic

More information

Cell Growth and Reproduction Module B, Anchor 1

Cell Growth and Reproduction Module B, Anchor 1 Cell Growth and Reproduction Module B, Anchor 1 Key Concepts: - The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA. In addition, a larger cell is less efficient in moving nutrients

More information