Mapping Our World. GIS Lessons for Educators

Transcription

1 Mpping ur World GIS Lessons for Edutors

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3 module 1 ArMp: he Bsis his module overs the onepts nd skills tht will e disussed nd used in the rest of the ook. As your students step through the tivities, they will e introdued to the geogrphi inquiry method nd quire working understnding of GIS theory nd prtie the how to of ArMp s well s sense of its oneptul frmework, foundtion, nd purpose. By the end of the lesson, they will find themselves ompetent users of si GIS. his module serves s omprehensive introdution to the rest of the ook. We suggest tht you nd your students omplete it efore moving on. Plese note tht the formt of module 1 ontins one lesson in two prts. Modules 2 through 7 eh ontin glol, regionl, nd n dvned investigtion lesson.

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5 Module 1 ArMp: he Bsis Lesson overview his module introdues the si onepts nd skills of GIS tht will prepre your students for the lessons hed. he tivities lid out here will instrut them in strting ArMp, nvigting the omputer to find the prepred mp douments nd dt, nd quiring funtionl skills to help them use GIS. At the sme time, students will lso lern the steps involved in the proess of geogrphi inquiry. he formt of this module differs from tht of the rest of the ook: it hs one lesson in two prts, not the glol, regionl, nd dvned investigtion lessons found in modules 2 through 7. We suggest tht you hve the students spend two lss periods on these tivities to gin funtionl knowledge of GIS, ArMp skills, nd the geogrphi inquiry method. Estimted time Mterils Stndrds nd ojetives wo to three 45-minute lss periods lultor Student hndouts from this lesson to e opied: GIS Investigtion sheets (pges 11 to 37) Geogrphi Inquiry: hinking Geogrphilly hndout (pge 9) Student nswer sheet (pges 38 to 45) Assessment(s) (pges 46 to 49) Ntionl geogrphy stndrds GEGRAPY SANDARD MIDDLE SL IG SL 1 ow to use mps nd other geogrphi representtions, tools, nd tehnologies to quire, proess, nd report informtion from sptil perspetive 3 ow to nlyze the sptil orgniztion of people, ples, nd environments on Erth s surfe 4 he physil nd humn hrteristis of ples he student knows how to mke nd use mps, gloes, hrts, models, nd dtses to nlyze sptil distriutions nd ptterns. he student understnds tht ples nd fetures re distriuted sptilly ross Erth s surfe. he student understnds how tehnology n shpe the hrteristis of ples. he student knows how to use tehnologies to represent nd interpret Erth s physil nd humn systems. he student understnds how sptil fetures influene humn ehvior. he student understnds how the physil nd humn hrteristis of ple n hnge.

6 ArMp: he Bsis Lesson overview nd teher notes Stndrds nd ojetives (ontinued) jetives he student is le to: Understnd the si onept of geogrphi informtion system (GIS). Use si ArMp skill set to uild mp. Use the five-step geogrphi inquiry model. Print mps. GIS skills nd tools Identify feture on the mp Zoom in to desired setion of the mp or to the enter of the mp Zoom out to desired setion of the mp or to the enter of the mp Zoom to the full extent of ll lyers Pn to different setion of the mp Find feture in lyer nd identify it Get help out utton Add lyer to the mp Browse informtion out mp fetures using Mpips urn lyers on nd off Expnd nd ollpse lyers Ativte dt frme hnge the order of the tle of ontents to hnge the mp disply rete ookmrk for mp extent nd return to it lter lulte the vlues for field For more on geogrphi inquiry nd these steps, see Geogrphi Inquiry nd GIS (pges xxiii to xxv). 6 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

7 Lesson overview nd teher notes ArMp: he Bsis eher notes Lesson introdution Begin this lesson y helping students understnd tht eh mp in GIS hs spredsheet or dtse informtion tthed to it. here re numer of Adoe PDF nd Mirosoft PowerPoint presenttions on the Mpping ur World We site deling with this topi. After ompleting prt 1 of the tivity, introdue prt 2 y giving students the Geogrphi Inquiry: hinking Geogrphilly hndout or show it to the lss on n overhed projetor. ve rief disussion with your students out thinking geogrphilly. Refer to the Geogrphi Inquiry nd GIS setion in this ook to fmilirize yourself with the geogrphi inquiry model. Student tivity Before ompleting this lesson with students, we reommend tht you omplete it s well. Doing so will llow you to modify the tivity to ommodte the speifi needs of your students. Idelly eh student should e t n individul omputer, ut the lesson n e modified to ommodte vriety of instrutionl settings. n the first dy, distriute the GIS Investigtion sheets entitled ArMp: he Bsis, Prt 1: Introduing the softwre. Explin tht in this tivity the students will egin to lern the si ArMp skills they will need to rete GIS mps. he worksheets will provide them with detiled instrutions for their investigtions. As they nvigte through the lesson, they will e sked questions tht will help keep them foused on key onepts. Some questions will hve speifi nswers while others will require retive thought. n the seond dy, introdue prt 2 s desried in the lesson introdution, nd then distriute the GIS Investigtion sheets entitled ArMp: he Bsis, Prt 2: he geogrphi inquiry model. Explin to your students tht in this lesson they will prtie the ArMp skills they quired in the first lesson, nd e introdued to more dvned skills while exploring the geogrphi inquiry method. eher ip: In prt 1, steps nd prt 2, step 7 of this tivity, students re sked to use lultor to divide two ountry sttistis nd ome up with third. Some of the ountries hve popultions with nine or ten digits. If your students hve hnd-held lultors tht only llow them to enter eight-digit numers, you my wnt to hve them use the lultor essory on their omputer. eher ip: In prt 2, step 8 of this tivity, students re sked to lulte field in n ttriute tle. his tion results in permnent hnges to the dt. In order for this to work properly, eh student must hve their own opy of the Mod1 folder. Steps 11 nd 12 of prt 2 do not involve the omputer. You my wish to ssign these steps s homework to e ompleted outside of lss. hings to look for while the students re working on this tivity: Are students thinking sptilly s they work through the proedure? Are students nswering the questions s they work through the proedure? Are students using vriety of menus, uttons, nd tools to nswer the questions on the hndout? Are students le to use the legends to interpret the dt in the tle of ontents? Are students le to print out mp on the printer? MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 7

8 ArMp: he Bsis Lesson overview nd teher notes onlusion Before your students omplete the ssessment, ondut rief disussion in whih you sk them to rinstorm ides out how GIS n e used in everydy life or how they ould use GIS in their dily shool ssignments or lsses. Ask them to desrie the geogrphi inquiry proess they lerned s well s shre how omfortle they re with using ArMp. his disussion should lso inlude n overview of whih uttons they hve used to uild mps on sreen, ny ArMp opertions tht were onfusing, nd printer opertions. Assessment Middle shool: ighlights skills pproprite to grdes 5 through 8 he middle shool ArGIS: he Bsis ssessment sks students to rete nd print mp. hey will e expeted to turn on three lyers nd zoom in to lotion of their hoosing, use the Identify tool to otin three piees of dt out tht re, nd write rief prgrph explining how they reted their mps. igh shool: ighlights skills pproprite to grdes 9 through 12 he high shool ArGIS: he Bsis ssessment sks students to rete nd print mp. hey will e expeted to turn on four lyers nd zoom in to lotion of their hoosing, use the Identify tool to otin three piees of dt out tht re, write rief prgrph explining how they reted their mps, nd desrie wht they lerned geogrphilly out the re on their mp. Extensions rete severl views with dt from other folders on the dt D to nswer question. Mke onnetion etween the dt to mke sure tht the mps they rete re meningful. ve students lulte ell-phone density (the numer of people per ell phone) in 1997 nd in Use mps nd tles to explore how the use of this tehnology hs hnged over this five-yer period. Students n suggest other lyers tht might help explin the onnetion etween the tehnologil dvnes of telephone lines nd ellulr tehnology, nd suh politil nd soil issues s GDP, edution, helth re, nd so on. Students n develop pln or outline for how to use GIS to fulfill urrent lss ssignment. Ask students to hoose ountry in the news nd use their GIS skills to find the ountry nd to study the dt ssoited with it. hek out the Resoures y Module setion of this ook s We site ( mppingourworld) for print, medi, nd Internet resoures tht edute the puli on the uses of GIS. 8 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

9 P Student hndout Geogrphi Inquiry: hinking Geogrphilly ArMp: he Bsis GEGRAPI INQUIRY SEP ASK A GEGRAPI QUESIN AQUIRE GEGRAPI RESURES EXPLRE GEGRAPI DAA WA D hink out topi or ple nd identify something interesting or signifint out it. urn tht oservtion into geogrphi question or hypothesis tht you n investigte. ypes of geogrphi questions inlude: Where re things loted? ow do things hnge from one ple to nother? Why do things hnge from one ple to nother? Identify the informtion nd dt needed to nswer your geogrphi question: Wht is the geogrphi fous of your reserh? For wht period of time do you need dt? For wht sujets nd speifi topis do you need dt? urn the dt into mps, tles, nd grphs nd look for ptterns in the wy things hnge from one ple to nother. Some wys to explore dt in ArMp inlude: rete mp doument nd dd dt lyers. urn lyers on nd off, nd zoom nd pn the mp. Look t individul fetures nd wht surrounds them. hnge the symols used to represent fetures. Look for wys fetures in one lyer relte to fetures in other lyers. EXAMPLES FRM E GIS INVESIGAIN (MDULE 1, PAR 2) Wht ountries hve the most nd the lest phone lines? Does the numer of phone lines vry proportiontely with the numer of people mong the world s most populous ountries? Why does Pkistn hve fewer phone lines per person thn Indi? Use dt nd mps from the Mod1 Dt folder tht ontins: World ountries Popultion dt for world ountries Phone lines dt for world ountries Explore mp lyers nd ttriute tles ontining popultion nd phone line dt for world ountries. ANALYZE GEGRAPI INFRMAIN A N GEGRAPI KNWLEDGE Fous on the informtion nd mps tht most seem to nswer your questions. For exmple: Find or identify prtiulr fetures. Selet fetures with speifi ttriutes to meet speifi riteri. lulte new ttriutes from existing ones to get new informtion. Drw onlusions from wht you hve seen in the mps, tles, nd grphs nd nswer your geogrphi question. Your onlusions re the result of turning piees of dt into geogrphi knowledge. hink out how you ould shre this knowledge, or how you or someone else ould use it to mke deision, orret prolem, or help others. lulte phone line density for ll ountries. Reserh nd reord popultion, phone line, nd phone line density informtion for seleted ountries. Rnk seleted ountries y popultion nd phone line density nd ompre the two lists. ompre your nswer with your initil hypothesis. Devise pln of tion for the phone system in one of the ountries tht you reserhed. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 9

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11 P GIS investigtion NAME ArMp: he Bsis ArMp: he Bsis DAE Answer ll questions on the student nswer sheet hndout Prt 1: Introduing the softwre ArGIS is mde up of two progrms: ArMp nd Artlog. his omputer tivity will show you how to strt the ArMp progrm. You will e guided through the sis of using ArMp to explore mps. After you do this tivity, you will find it muh esier to omplete the other tivities in this ook. Step 1 Strt ArMp Doule-lik the ArMp ion on your omputer s desktop. If you do not hve the ion on your desktop, lik Strt, Progrms, ArGIS, nd ArMp. If the ArMp strt-up dilog ox ppers, mke sure A new empty mp is seleted. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 11

12 ArMp: he Bsis lik the K utton. GIS investigtion he ArMp window opens. Its title ontins three piees of informtion: the nme of the mp doument (Untitled), the progrm (ArMp), nd the level of the progrm (ArView). P Step 2 pen the Module1.mxd file A mp doument file hs een reted for you to use in this exerise. o open it, lik the File menu nd lik pen. Nvigte to the module 1 folder (:\MpWorld9\Mod1). int: First mke sure the orret drive is seleted in the Look in drop-down list. If the disk drive you need is not listed, lik the My omputer or My Network Ples ion on the left side of the dilog to ess the disk you wnt. hen doule-lik folders to open them. 12 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

13 P GIS investigtion hoose Module1.mxd from the list. ArMp: he Bsis Note: If file extensions re turned off (hidden) on your omputer, you won t see.mxd, nd you should hoose Module1 from the list. ving file extensions turned on (visile) is not required to omplete this investigtion. ArGIS mp doument files end with the three-letter extension.mxd. d lik pen. When the mp doument opens, you see mp of the world. he ArMp window s title hnged to show the nme of the mp doument, Module1.mxd. Rememer: If file extensions re not visile on your omputer, the nme of the mp doument will e Module1. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 13

14 ArMp: he Bsis e GIS investigtion ke loser look t the ArMp window. n the right side you see mp. n the left side you see olumn tht ontins list. his olumn is the tle of ontents. he items in the list represent the two different mps ontined in this mp doument (World Popultion nd he World). he items listed under he World re the five different lyers of informtion tht n e shown on this mp. P f Look t the top of the ArMp window nd notie the different menus nd uttons. he menus nd uttons re grouped on different toolrs. oolrs n e moved round, so your toolrs my not e rrnged extly s pitured elow. Note: he Stndrd toolr ove shows the mp sle (1:256,357,059). Your mp sle my e different depending on the size nd shpe of your ArMp window. You will use these menus nd uttons to perform the vrious GIS funtions. You might think this is lot of uttons to lern, ut you will not need to lern them ll t one. g Lote the ools toolr. It my e floting (not tthed to the window), or doked (tthed to the window). You n drg toolrs round nd put them in ple tht you like. h If your ools toolr is floting, lik on its title nd drg the toolr to the gry re ove the mp ner the other tools. he toolr doks to the window. therwise, if your ools toolr is lredy doked, lik on the smll gry r next to the mgnifying glss, nd drg the toolr off of the ArMp window. he toolr flots. 14 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

15 P GIS investigtion i ArMp: he Bsis Now drg your ools toolr to the gry line etween the mp nd the tle of ontents to dok it vertilly next to the mp. (int: If it doks elow the tle of ontents insted, drg it to the r gin until it doks where you wnt it.) Step 3 Enlrge the ArMp window When the mp doument first opens, the ArMp window my e smll. If it is, you will wnt to enlrge it. In the upper right orner of your ArMp window there re three uttons. lik one on the middle utton tht looks like ox. he utton you liked is lled the Mximize utton. Now the ArMp window fills your whole sreen. Look gin t the three uttons in the upper right orner of your ArMp window. Now the middle utton looks like two oxes. (his is lled the Restore Down utton.) lik on it. he window returns to the smller size. You n lso hnge the size of your ArMp window y strething it. d Ple the ursor on ny orner of the ArMp window tht is not t the edge of your sreen. he ursor hnges to digonl doule-heded rrow. lik nd drg the window outwrd until the ArMp window fills out two-thirds of the sreen. Let go of the mouse utton. Note: Enlrging the ArMp window y strething it llows you to hoose size tht is lrge ut does not over the entire sreen. As you work with ArMp, other windows nd dilog oxes will pper. You will find it useful to move them side so you n lso see the mp on your sreen. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 15

16 ArMp: he Bsis Step 4 Work with lyers GIS investigtion In ArMp, mp is mde up of lyers tht re grouped into dt frme. his mp doument hs two dt frmes: World Popultion nd he World. Notie tht he World dt frme is listed in old letters in the tle of ontents. he old letters tell you whih dt frme is tive. he tive dt frme is displyed in the mp re. P he World dt frme ontins five lyers. hese re Lrge ities, Lnd Ares, Rivers, Lkes, nd ountry utlines. Next you will lern how to turn lyers off nd on nd hnge their order. Notie tht eh lyer in the tle of ontents hs smll ox in front of it. nly the ox for ountry utlines hs hek mrk in it. lik the hek mrk next to ountry utlines. he hek mrk goes wy. he disply of ountry utlines in the mp re lso disppers. d lik the ox next to the Lnd Ares lyer. he green lnd res lyer is displyed. his is lled turning on lyer. e f lik the ox next to the Lrge ities lyer to turn it on. urn on the Rivers nd Lkes lyers. g Answer the following question on your nswer sheet: Whih lyers re not visile on the mp ut re turned on in the tle of ontents? 16 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

17 P GIS investigtion h Next you will hnge the order of the lyers. ArMp: he Bsis Notie tht eh lyer in the tle of ontents hs nme nd symol. In the tle of ontents, ple your ursor on the Rivers nme. i j lik nd hold the mouse utton. Drg the Rivers lyer up ove the Lnd Ares lyer. Let go of the mouse utton. Wht hppened on your mp? Drg the Lkes lyer ove the Lnd Ares lyer. (1) Wht hppened on your mp? (2) Wht would hppen if you drgged the Lkes under Lnd Ares? Note: Whenever your mps don t pper s you think they should, hek the following things: 1. hek to see if the lyer you wnt is turned on. 2. hek the order of the lyers in the tle of ontents. Lyers tht re represented y lines nd points (streets, rivers, ities, et.) will e overed up y lyers tht re represented y polygons (ountries, sttes, et.). You my need to drg line or point lyers ove the polygon lyers in order to see them. Step 5 hnge the tive dt frme In this step you will mke the World Popultion dt frme tive to disply the other mp. Note: So fr you hve lwys liked the mouse using the left mouse utton. Some menus in ArMp re essed y liking the right mouse utton. he instrutions use the words right-lik when you need to use the right mouse utton. Right-lik the World Popultion dt frme title in the tle of ontents. n the menu tht ppers, drg the mouse down nd lik Ativte (with the left mouse utton). he World Popultion dt frme eomes old nd displys in the mp re. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 17

18 ArMp: he Bsis GIS investigtion lik the plus sign next to World Popultion in the tle of ontents. he tle of ontents expnds to show the lyers in the World Popultion dt frme. P Wht is the nme of the lyer tht is turned on in the World Popultion dt frme? Step 6 Widen the tle of ontents Now you will widen the tle of ontents so tht the World ountries lyer legend is not ut off. Move your ursor to the edge of the tle of ontents, in etween the sroll r nd the ools toolr. When it is in the right ple, it should look like this: lik nd hold the mouse utton. Drg the ursor to the right until you n see the full legend desriptions. Relese the mouse utton. he tle of ontents eomes wider nd the mp eomes smller. Step 7 Identify ountry nd reord ountry dt he vlue of GIS omes from the dt (informtion) tht is tthed to eh mp. You will see how this works y using one of the tools to ess dt out ountries. Move your ursor over the mp nd puse on ny ountry (don t lik). Notie tht s your ursor puses over different ountries, the nme of eh ountry displys. his informtion disply is lled Mpip. he Identify tool lets you see more dt out your mp y liking on ples you re interested in. Lote the Identify tool in the ools toolr. int: o disply tool tip with tool s nme, puse your ursor over tool without liking. At the sme time, desription of the tool ppers t the ottom left orner of the ArMp window. 18 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

19 P GIS investigtion d ArMp: he Bsis When tool is seleted, it looks like the utton is pushed in. If your Identify tool lredy looks pushed in, proeed to step 6e. therwise, lik to selet it. he Identify Results window ppers. lik the title r of the Identify Results window nd move the window so tht it doesn t over the mp. e f Move your ursor over the mp without liking. Notie it hnges to n rrow with n i next to it. lik on the United Sttes on your mp. he Identify Results window displys informtion out the United Sttes. he informtion you see is ll the dt tht is ville out the United Sttes in the World ountries lyer. g h In the Identify Results window, sn down the olumn leled Field tht egins with the word BJEID. Answer the following questions: (1) Wht is the fourth listing in this olumn? (2) Wht is the fifth listing in this olumn? (3) Wht is the finl listing in this olumn? (int: You will need to sroll down.) hese words re nmes desriing hrteristi, or ttriute, of the United Sttes. Another word for ttriutes is fields. Field nmes re often revited. (1) Wht do you guess the field entitled SQMI stnds for? (2) Wht is the numer to the right of the field SQMI? Step 8 ompre the Identify Results dt with the tle dt he piture elow shows prt of the tle tht ontins the dt tthed to the World ountries lyer. Answer the following question using the piture. Whih row in this tle hs the ttriutes for the United Sttes? MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 19

20 ArMp: he Bsis GIS investigtion ompre the informtion in the Identify Results window with the informtion in the tle shown ove, nd nswer these questions: (1) he field nmes in the Identify Results window disply in the olumn strting with the word BJEID. Where re these field nmes displyed in the tle? (2) Find the field in the tle tht represents squre miles of lnd. ow mny squre miles of lnd re in the United Sttes? (3) Give rief explntion of the reltionship etween the Identify Results window nd the tle. P lik the lose utton tht looks like n t the top right orner of the Identify Results window. ution: Be reful not to lik the lose utton on the ArMp window y mistke. If you lose ArMp, the mp doument will lose without sving your work. Step 9 Explore ity dt on the world mp urn on the World ities >100,000 lyer. lik the plus sign next to the World ities >100,000 lyer to expnd its legend. Your mp displys ll the world ities with popultions greter thn 100,000. here re so mny ities tht they re ll jumled together on this smll mp. You need to zoom in to smller portion of the world to see distintions etween the ities. lik the Zoom In tool to selet it. Rememer, the utton looks pushed in when it is seleted. he Zoom In tool n e used two different wys. ne wy to zoom in is to drg ox round the re you wnt to disply. You will zoom in on Europe nd Afri. d e Ple your ursor on Greenlnd. (int: o find Greenlnd move your ursor over the mp so the ountry nmes disply.) lik nd hold down the mouse utton. Drg the ursor down nd to the right. When your ursor is ner Austrli, relese the mouse utton. 20 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

21 P GIS investigtion f ArMp: he Bsis Another wy to zoom in is to lik on the ple you wnt to e in the enter of your mp. Now you will zoom in loser to Europe. lik slowly three times on the yellow dots lustered round Europe. ution: Mke sure to keep the mouse very still s you lik. therwise, you my identlly drg tiny ox nd the mp will zoom in too muh. If this hppens, go to the toolr nd lik one on the Previous Extent utton nd do this step gin. You will use the Identify tool to get informtion out the ities. g lik the Identify tool. lik the Lyers ox in the Identify Results window nd selet World ities > 100,000. h i j lik on red or pink ountry re tht is wy from yellow dot. Notie tht the Identify Results window reports Nothing Found. his is euse the Identify tool gets informtion only for the lyer you seleted in the Lyers list. Using wht you lerned in steps g nd h, use the Identify tool to find the nme nd ountry of ny two ities you hoose. lik the lose utton on the Identify Results window. Step 10 Explore Europe with n ttriute tle When you used the Identify tool in step 7, you sw tht ountry on the mp (the United Sttes) ws onneted to ttriute informtion out tht ountry. he ttriutes were displyed in the Identify Results window. In GIS, eh ojet on your mp is lled feture. For exmple, the United Sttes is feture in the World ountries Popultion lyer, nd Pris is feture in the World ities >100,000 lyer. In this step, you will find out more out the onnetion etween fetures nd their ttriutes. Right-lik the World ountries lyer in the tle of ontents nd hoose pen Attriute le. If your tle is lrge, drg the right side of the tle to the left to mke it smller, like the one pitured elow. If your tle is overing the mp, lik on its title r nd drg it out of the wy until you n see ll of Europe. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 21

22 ArMp: he Bsis (1) Wht is the nme of the tle you opened? (2) Wht ountry is listed in the first row of the tle? Sroll down to the end of the tle. Wht ountry is listed in the lst row of the tle? GIS investigtion P d lik the ptions utton t the ottom of the tle nd lik Find & Reple. ype Polnd in the Find wht: ox in the Find nd Reple dilog. hen lik the Find Next utton. e f lik the lose utton to lose the Find nd Reple dilog. lik on the gry retngle with the rrow t the eginning of the row for Polnd. Notie tht the row in the tle turns lue to show tht it is seleted nd so does the outline of Polnd on the mp. g h i j old down the trl key on your keyord. In the tle, lik the gry oxes for these rows: Slovki, Belgium, nd Germny. Wht hppens to the mp when you lik on these rows in the tle? lik the gry ox for the United Sttes row. (You my need to sroll down few rows.) (1) Wht hppens to Polnd nd the other ountries tht were highlighted? (2) Did you see the United Sttes eome outlined in lue on the mp? If not, why not? lik the lose utton on the tle. lik the Full Extent utton. he mp displys the whole world. Rememer: Sometimes you my zoom in so lose or zoom out so fr tht you lose your mp entirely or n t tell where you re. You n lwys lik the Full Extent utton to get k to mp you n reognize. Why n you see the United Sttes now when you ouldn t see it in the previous step? k Right-lik World ountries in the tle of ontents, point to Seletion, nd lik ler Seleted Fetures. 22 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

23 P GIS investigtion ArMp: he Bsis Whenever you selet feture on your mp, it will e outlined in lue to indite tht feture hs een seleted. If you wnt to turn the lue outlines off, you need to ler the seleted fetures. Step 11 Prtie identifying fetures lik the Zoom In tool. lik nd drg ox round the ontinent of South Ameri. Wht do you see on your mp? lik the Identify tool. In the Identify Results window lik the Lyers drop-down list nd hoose <op-most lyer>. Now you n use the tool to identify either ountry or ity. Note: If the Identify Results window is overing the mp, lik on its title r nd drg it out of the wy. d e f g h i Identify the lrge South Amerin ountry tht is drk red. (1) Wht ountry is it? (2) Wht is this ountry s totl popultion? Identify the lrge ity in the northwest prt of this ountry. (1) Wht ity is it? (2) Wht popultion lss is this ity in? Look on the mp for two ities in Brzil tht re in higher popultion rnge. (int: the yellow symol for those two ities will e lrger thn the one for the ity you just identified.) Zoom in loser to the two ities to seprte them from surrounding ities for identifition purposes. Use the Identify tool to nswer these questions: (1) Wht re the nmes of these two lrge ities? (2) Wht popultion lss re these ities in? lose the Identify Results window. Step 12 d Prtie zooming out lik the Zoom ut tool. Drg two-inh ox nywhere on your mp. Drg nother two-inh ox nywhere on your mp. (1) Wht does your mp look like? (2) Whih utton ould you use to return your mp to full size? Zoom your mp k to its originl full extent. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 23

24 ArMp: he Bsis Step 13 Prtie finding feture GIS investigtion In n erlier step you found ountry y looking for it in the ttriute tle. In this step, you will find ountry y looking for it on the mp. urn off the World ities >100,000 lyer. P lik the Find utton. You will find the ountry of Sudn. d e f lik in the white Find ox. ype Sudn. lik the In drop-down list, sroll down, nd lik World ountries. Under Serh, lik the white irle next to In fields. lik the In fields drop-down list nd selet NRY_NAME. You wnt ArMp to serh for Sudn in the ountry nme ttriute field in the World ountries lyer. g h lik Find. Notie tht results list ppers t the ottom of the Find window nd Sudn is listed. At the ottom of the window there is messge telling you ne ojet found. Note: If you get results list tht is lnk nd the messge t the ottom of the window sys No ojets found, go k to steps 13 13g. Mke sure you spell the ountry nme orretly nd enter the orret informtion. i j Move the Find window off the mp. Right-lik on Sudn in the results list nd lik Flsh feture. he ountry of Sudn flshes on nd off in the mp. (If you didn t see it flsh, repet this step nd wth Afri on the mp.) 24 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

25 P GIS investigtion k ArMp: he Bsis Right-lik Sudn in the results list gin nd lik Identify feture(s). Look t the Identify Results window nd nswer the questions elow. Note: All or prt of the Identify Results window my e hidden ehind the Find dilog. If so, move the Find dilog out of the wy. (1) ow mny tourists rrive in Sudn eh yer? (2) ow mny people live in Sudn? (3) Does this seem like low or high numer of tourists for this popultion? l lose the Identify Results window. Step 14 d e f g Zoom to feture nd rete ookmrk lik the New Serh utton in the Find window. ype Qtr in the Find ox. lik Find. Right-lik Qtr in the results list. lik Selet feture(s). Qtr is outlined in lue on the mp. Is Qtr lrge ountry or smll one? Right-lik Qtr in the results list nd hoose Zoom to feture(s). lose the Find window. lik three times on the Fixed Zoom ut utton. (Its rrows point outwrd.) he Fixed Zoom ut utton is different from the Zoom ut tool. liking the Fixed Zoom ut utton lwys zooms out from the enter of the mp. Rememer: Zooming with the Find tool pled Qtr in the middle of the mp re. When you lik the Fixed Zoom ut utton, the mp stys entered on Qtr. Next you will rete ookmrk for Qtr. Lter in the tivity you will use the ookmrk to quikly return to this mp extent. h i lik the View menu, point to Bookmrks, then lik rete. Press the Delete key to delete the ookmrk nme, Bookmrk 1. ype Qtr for the new ookmrk nme. j k lik K. Use the Identify tool to nswer the following questions: (1) ow mny people live in Qtr? (2) ow mny ell phones do they hve? (3) Divide the popultion of Qtr y the numer of ell phones in Qtr. ow mny people re there for every ell phone in Qtr? MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 25

26 ArMp: he Bsis l lose the Identify Results window. m Use Mpips to nswer the following question: Wht lrge ountry is diretly west of Qtr? GIS investigtion P n lik the Fixed Zoom ut tool nine more times until you see the entire Arin peninsul. Step 15 ontinue to explore the World Popultion mp Whenever you wish to enter the mp differently, you n use the Pn tool to move the mp round. lik the Pn tool. Use the Mpips to lote the ountry of Egypt t the left edge of the mp. lik nd hold on Egypt. Drg the hnd digonlly to the ottom right orner of the mp re. Let the mouse utton go. Answer the questions elow: (1) Wht oot-shped ountry do you see on the mp? (2) Wht is the popultion of tht ountry? (3) ow mny ell phones does tht ountry hve? (4) Divide the nswer to question 2 y the nswer to question 3. ow mny people re there for every ell phone in this ountry? Note: If your lultor does not let you type in these long numers, use the lultor on your omputer. (lik Strt, Progrms, Aessories, lultor.) d e f Pn est to Jpn nd nswer the following questions: (1) Wht is the popultion of Jpn? (2) ow mny ell phones does Jpn hve? (3) Divide the popultion of Jpn y the numer of ell phones in Jpn. ow mny people re there for every ell phone in Jpn? lose the Identify Results window. lik the View menu. Point to Bookmrks nd lik Qtr. he mp returns to Qtr using the ookmrk you sved. 26 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

27 P GIS investigtion g ArMp: he Bsis Right-lik World ountries in the tle of ontents nd point to Seletion. lik ler Seleted Fetures. Wht hppened to Qtr? Step 16 Get help from the Wht s his? tool If you forget wht prtiulr utton is for or how to use tool, you n sk ArMp to help you. lik the Wht s his? tool on the Stndrd toolr. Notie your ursor turns into n rrow with question mrk. lik the Find utton. A help messge ox is displyed tht tells you out the Find utton. lik nywhere inside the pop-up messge ox to mke it dispper. You n use the Wht s his? utton to help you use most ArMp uttons. d e f lik the Wht s his? utton. lik ny other utton you wnt to know out. When you re finished looking t the help, lik the pop-up messge ox to lose it. Step 17 Lel nd print mp In this step you will lern n esy wy to lel the ountries nd to print the mp on your sreen. Use the Pn nd Zoom tools to fous the mp on lotion of your hoie. Right-lik World ountries nd hoose Lel Fetures. ountry nmes re dded to the mp. Where do you think these lels ome from? lik the File menu, then lik Print. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 27

28 ArMp: he Bsis d In the Print dilog, lik the Setup utton. GIS investigtion P e f g h i Ask your teher whih printer you should use. Selet its nme from the drop-down list under Printer Setup in the Pge nd Print Setup dilog. Under Mp Pge Size, hek the ox next to Use Printer Pper Settings. Under Pper (the setion ove Mp Pge Size), mke sure the pper size is set to Letter. You my need to selet it from the drop-down list. Deide how you wnt the mp to e pled on the pper. lik Portrit if you wnt the top to e short side of the pper. lik Lndspe if you wnt the top to e long side. At the ottom of the dilog, hek the ox next to Sle Mp Elements proportionlly to hnges in Pge Size. Your dilog should look similr to the one pitured elow. j k lik K on oth the Pge nd Print Setup window nd the Print window. Your mp should print fter few moments. Step 18 lose the mp doument nd exit ArMp lik the File menu. lik Exit. lik No in the ox tht sks whether you wnt to sve hnges. 28 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

29 P GIS investigtion NAME Prt 2: he geogrphi inquiry model ArMp: he Bsis DAE Muh like sientifi nlysis, geogrphi inquiry involves proess of sking questions nd looking for nswers. he geogrphi inquiry model is mde up of the following five steps: In this tivity you will lern how mps nd GIS n help you in the geogrphi inquiry proess. At the sme time, you will e prtiing the ArGIS skills you lerned in prt 1 nd lerning some new ones. Step 1 Strt ArMp Doule-lik the ArMp ion on your omputer s desktop. If the ArMp strt-up dilog ppers, lik An existing mp nd lik K. hen go to step 2. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 29

30 ArMp: he Bsis Step 2 pen the module1.mxd file GIS investigtion You will use the sme ArMp mp doument tht you used in prt 1 for this exerise. o open it, go to the File menu nd hoose pen. Nvigte to the module 1 folder (:\MpWorld9\Mod1) nd hoose Module1.mxd (or Module1) from the list. P Step 3 d Adjust your window nd tivte the World Popultion dt frme Enlrge the ArMp window y strething it. In the tle of ontents, lik the minus sign next to he World dt frme to ollpse it. lik the plus sign next to World Popultion. he tle of ontents expnds to show the lyers in the World Popultion dt frme. Right-lik World Popultion nd left-lik Ativte. he World Popultion dt frme eomes old nd displys in the mp re. (int: You my need to widen the tle of ontents so tht the World ountries legend is not ut off.) 1 ASK A GEGRAPI QUESIN Step 4 Ask geogrphi question nd develop hypothesis It s importnt to think out the informtion on your mps oth s you rete them nd when they ve een ompleted. You might look t mp nd then think of question tht it might help you nswer. r you might think of the question first, nd then look for mps, or GIS lyers, tht might help you nswer the question. In this tivity you will try to nswer the following geogrphi question: Geogrphi Question: Do the numer of phone lines vry proportiontely with the numer of people mong the world s most populous ountries? Wht mkes this geogrphi question? Just s with sientifi inquiry, you ll egin y onstruting hypothesis. Write hypothesis tht nswers the geogrphi question stted ove. 30 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

31 P GIS investigtion ArMp: he Bsis Rememer: A hypothesis is n eduted guess. Your hypothesis my e right or wrong in the end. he gol is not to know the nswer efore you strt your reserh, ut to hve kind of llprk ide or hunh out wht the nswer might e. hen you will set out supporting or rejeting it. 2 AQUIRE GEGRAPI RESURES Step 5 Add lyer to your mp Next, you need to identify the kind of informtion tht will help you explore your question. You wnt to disply this dt s lyers in your ArGIS mp. Your mp lredy hs lyer with world ountries nd their popultion. Wht other ttriute of ountries do you need in order to investigte your hypothesis? lik the Add Dt utton. An Add Dt dilog ppers. It works similr to the pen dilog you used t the eginning of this tivity. lik the onnet to Folder utton. Nvigte to the MpWorld9 folder (:\MpWorld9). lik K. he onnetion is dded to the list of lotions in the Add Dt dilog. Note: If folder onnetion to the MpWorld9 folder lredy exists on your omputer, you my skip this step. d Nvigte to the Module1 lyer files folder (:\MpWorld9\Mod1\Dt\LyerFiles). lik World Phone Lines.lyr. e lik Add. Wht is the nme of the lyer tht hs een dded to your tle of ontents? Note: An ArMp lyer file ontins the omplete definition of lyer inluding its nme, dt soure, symology, nd other properties. You n sve lyer outside mp doument s lyer file so it n e reused in other mps. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 31

32 ArMp: he Bsis 3 EXPLRE GEGRAPI DAA GIS investigtion P Step 6 Explore the World Phone Lines mp Now it s time to look t the World Phone Lines lyer nd think out wht the mp tells you. urn off the World ountries lyer. Look t the legend for the World Phone Lines lyer nd nswer the following questions: (1) Wht olor in the legend indites ountries with the fewest phone lines? (2) Wht olor indites ountries with the most phone lines? (3) Wht olor indites ountries with no dt ville for this lyer? d e f g Notie tht the olors in the legend hnge grdully from the lightest olor to the drkest. he nme for this type of legend is grduted olor legend. Wht other lyer in your mp hs grduted olor legend? Look t the mp to nswer the following questions. You my need to turn lyers on or off. You my need to use Mpips or the Identify tool to find out ountry s nme. Answer the following questions: (1) Whih two ountries hd the most phone lines in 2002? (2) n whih ontinent re most of the ountries with the fewest phone lines? (3) Whih two ountries hve the lrgest popultions? (4) Nme three ountries tht re in the sme popultion lss (olor) s the United Sttes. (5) Whih of these three ountries, if ny, re in the sme phone line lss (olor) s the United Sttes? urn off World ountries nd turn on World Phone Lines. With the Identify tool, lik on the United Sttes. Red the geogrphi question gin. Geogrphi Question: Do the numer of phone lines vry proportiontely with the numer of people mong the world s most populous ountries? h i Sroll down slowly in the Identify Results window nd look t the different fields. Wht two fields might help in nswering the geogrphi question? lose the Identify Results window. 32 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

33 P GIS investigtion 4 ANALYZE GEGRAPI INFRMAIN ArMp: he Bsis Step 7 d e f Reserh nd reord phone line nd popultion dt for hin Now it s time to lote hin nd reord the popultion nd phone lines in the pproprite olumns on your nswer sheet. lik the Full Extent utton on the ools toolr. his will return the mp to its originl size if you hve zoomed or pnned the mp. o unselet (turn the lue outline off) ny ountries tht might e seleted, lik the Seletion menu t the top of the ArMp window, nd lik ler Seleted Fetures. If the menu hoie is disled (gryed out), it mens tht there re no fetures urrently seleted in the World Popultion dt frme. lik the Find utton nd type hin in the Find ox. lik Find. hin ppers in the results list t the ottom of the Find window. Right-lik on hin in the results list nd lik Identify feture(s). Note: If you get more thn one result for hin, right-lik on the row for World Phone Lines. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 33

34 ArMp: he Bsis g GIS investigtion Find the PP_2000 ttriute in the Identify Results window. Reord the numer in the ountry Popultion olumn for hin. Note: All or prt of the Identify Results window my e hidden ehind the Find dilog. If so, move the Find dilog out of the wy. P h i Sroll down in the Identify Results window nd find the LINES_2002 ttriute. Reord the numer in the Phone Lines 2002 olumn for hin. lose the Find nd Identify Results windows. Now you will use your lultor to figure out the numer of people per phone line for hin. j Enter into your lultor the popultion figure for hin. Note: If your lultor does not let you type in numer s lrge s the one for hin s popultion, use the lultor on your omputer. (lik Strt, Progrms, Aessories, lultor.) k l Divide it y the numer of phone lines for hin. Round off the result to the nerest two deiml ples nd reord it in the lst olumn on the nswer sheet. Step 8 lulte the numer of people per phone line for ll ountries Now you will use ArMp to lulte the numer of people per phone line for ll the ountries in the World Phone Lines lyer. In the tle of ontents, right-lik World Phone Lines nd lik pen Attriute le. Sroll ll the wy to the right until you see the lst field in the tle, PNE_DENS (for phone density). Notie tht the vlues in this field re Null, inditing tht no vlue hs een ssigned. Right-lik on the PNE_DENS field heding nd lik lulte Vlues. 34 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

35 P GIS investigtion d ArMp: he Bsis In the Field lultor messge ox, lik Yes to ontinue. he Field lultor displys. You wnt to divide the popultion vlues in the PP_2000 field y the numer of phone lines in the LINES_2002 field. e f g In the Fields list, lik PP_2000. It now ppers in the white text ox elow. lik the division utton. In the Fields list, find LINES_2002 nd lik it. Note: If you mke mistke, highlight nd delete ny text in the white ox. hen, repet steps 8e 8g ove. h i j lik K. he field lultor lultes the numer of people per phone line nd ples the vlues in the PNE_DENS field in the ttriute tle. Sroll down in the tle to see ll the PNE_DENS vlues. lose the ttriute tle. Step 9 Reserh nd reord popultion, phone line, nd phone line density dt for ll the ountries lik the Find utton. hin ppers in the Find ox. lik Find. Right-lik on hin in the results list nd lik Identify feture(s). (1) Wht is the numer of people per phone line (PNE_DENS) for hin? (2) Does this numer gree with the vlue you lulted in step 7? d Use the Find nd Identify tools to lote the remining ountries in the tle on the nswer sheet. Reord the ountry popultion, phone lines, nd the numer of people per phone line for eh ountry in the pproprite olumns. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 35

36 ArMp: he Bsis Step 10 lose the mp doument nd exit ArMp GIS investigtion You won t need to use ArMp to omplete the rest of this tivity, so you ll lose your mp doument t this time. lik the File menu. P lik Exit. lik No in the ox tht sks whether you wnt to sve hnges. Ask your teher whether you should ontinue doing steps in lss, or whether to do them s homework. Step 11 Anlyze results of your reserh In the tle on the nswer sheet, the olumn on the left rnks the ountries y popultion from highest to lowest. In the olumn on the right, rnk the ountries from the lowest numer of people per phone line to the highest numer of people per phone line, using the dt you reorded in step 9. hen drw lines onneting the sme ountry in eh olumn. Use the dt in your tle to nswer the following questions: (1) Whih ountry hs the fewest people per phone line? ow mny people hve to shre phone line in this ountry? (2) ow does the ountry in question -1 rnk in popultion size with the other seven ountries in your tle? (3) Whih ountry hs the most people per phone line? ow mny people hve to shre phone line in this ountry? (4) ow does the ountry in question -3 rnk in popultion size with the other seven ountries in your tle? (5) Wht is the popultion of Jpn? ow mny people hve to shre phone line in Jpn? (6) Wht ountry hs the most phone lines? ow does the numer of people per phone line in this ountry ompre with the seven other ountries in your tle? (7) Russi nd Pkistn hve out the sme numer of people. Why do you suppose these two ountries hve suh different numer of people who hve to shre phone line? Wht ftors do you think ontriute to this disprity? (8) Red the geogrphi question gin. Wht do you think the nswer to the geogrphi question is? Geogrphi Question: Do the numer of phone lines vry proportiontely with the numer of people mong the world s most populous ountries? (9) ompre your initil hypothesis (step 4) with your nswer in question 8. ow does your hypothesis ompre with your nswer to the geogrphi question? 36 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

37 P GIS investigtion 5 A UPN GEGRAPI KNWLEDGE ArMp: he Bsis Step 12 d Develop pln of tion he lst step of the geogrphi inquiry proess is to t on wht you hve lerned. Your tion pln might e simply to repet the proess; thinking out wht you ve lerned often leds to deeper, more omplex, nd interesting geogrphi questions. For this step, hoose one of the following four ountries: hin, Brzil, Indonesi, or the United Sttes. Imgine tht you re n expert speilizing in teleommunitions. You need to devise pln for your hosen ountry tht dels effetively with the si onern of your originl geogrphi question. o develop n effetive pln, you my need to ondut further reserh on the phone system within your ountry. If you deided, for instne, tht inresing the numer of phone lines operting in your hosen ountry would improve the qulity of life there, you ould ome up with written pln of tion for teleommunitions offiils, pointing out res of strength nd wekness, nd explining where nd why expnsion would e most enefiil. Use the informtion in your tle to desrie the urrent phone line sitution in your hosen ountry. Reord your hosen ountry on the nswer sheet. Do you think tht inresing the numer of phone lines operting in your hosen ountry would improve the qulity of life there? Why or why not? List three onerns you hve out inresing the numer of phone lines in your hosen ountry. List two new geogrphi questions tht you would like to investigte to help you develop sound pln. MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 37

38 ArMp: he Bsis NAME Student nswer sheet Module 1 ArMp: he Bsis Prt 1: Introduing the softwre Student nswers DAE P Step 4 Work with lyers g Whih lyers re not visile on the mp ut re turned on in the tle of ontents? i Wht hppened on your mp? j-1 Wht hppened on your mp? j-2 Wht would hppen if you drgged the Lkes under Lnd Ares? Step 5 hnge the tive dt frme Wht is the nme of the lyer tht is turned on in the World Popultion dt frme? Step 7 Identify ountry nd reord ountry dt g-1 Wht is the fourth listing in this olumn? g-2 Wht is the fifth listing in this olumn? g-3 Wht is the finl listing in this olumn? (int: You will need to sroll down.) h-1 Wht do you guess the field entitled SQMI stnds for? h-2 Wht is the numer to the right of the field SQMI? 38 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

39 P Student nswers ArMp: he Bsis Step 8 ompre the Identify Results dt with the tle dt Whih row in this tle hs the ttriutes for the United Sttes? -1 Where re these field nmes displyed in the tle? -2 ow mny squre miles of lnd re in the United Sttes? -3 Give rief explntion of the reltionship etween the Identify Results window nd the tle. Step 9 Explore ity dt on the world mp i Use the Identify tool to find the nme nd ountry of ny two ities you hoose. IY NAME UNRY WERE E IY IS LAED Step 10 Explore Europe with n ttriute tle -1 Wht is the nme of the tle you opened? -2 Wht ountry is listed in the first row of the tle? g Wht ountry is listed in the lst row of the tle? Wht hppens to the mp when you lik on these rows in the tle? h-1 Wht hppens to Polnd nd the other ountries tht were highlighted? h-2 Did you see the United Sttes eome outlined in lue on the mp? If not, why not? j Why n you see the United Sttes now when you ouldn t see it in the previous step? MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 39

40 ArMp: he Bsis Student nswers Step 11 Prtie identifying fetures Wht do you see on your mp? d-1 Wht ountry is it? P d-2 Wht is this ountry s totl popultion? e-1 Wht ity is it? e-2 Wht popultion lss is this ity in? h-1 Wht re the nmes of these two lrge ities? h-2 Wht popultion lss re these ities in? Step 12 Prtie zooming out -1 Wht does your mp look like? -2 Whih utton ould you use to return your mp to full size? Step 13 Prtie finding feture k-1 ow mny tourists rrive in Sudn eh yer? k-2 ow mny people live in Sudn? k-3 Does this seem like low or high numer of tourists for this popultion? Step 14 Zoom to feture nd rete ookmrk d Is Qtr lrge ountry or smll one? k-1 ow mny people live in Qtr? k-2 ow mny ell phones do they hve? k-3 ow mny people re there for every ell phone in Qtr? m Wht lrge ountry is diretly west of Qtr? 40 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS

41 P Student nswers ArMp: he Bsis Step 15 ontinue to explore the World Popultion mp -1 Wht oot-shped ountry do you see on the mp? -2 Wht is the popultion of tht ountry? -3 ow mny ell phones does tht ountry hve? -4 ow mny people re there for every ell phone in this ountry? d-1 Wht is the popultion of Jpn? d-2 ow mny ell phones does Jpn hve? d-3 ow mny people re there for every ell phone in Jpn? g Wht hppened to Qtr? Step 17 Lel nd print mp Where do you think these lels ome from? MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS 41

42 ArMp: he Bsis Prt 2: he geogrphi inquiry model Student nswers Step 4 Ask geogrphi question nd develop hypothesis Wht mkes this geogrphi question? P Write hypothesis tht nswers the geogrphi question. Step 5 Add lyer to your mp Wht other ttriute of ountries do you need in order to investigte your hypothesis? e Wht is the nme of the lyer tht hs een dded to your tle of ontents? Step 6 Explore the World Phone Lines mp -1 Wht olor in the legend indites ountries with the fewest phone lines? -2 Wht olor indites ountries with the most phone lines? -3 Wht olor indites ountries with no dt ville for this lyer? Wht other lyer in your mp hs grduted olor legend? d-1 Whih two ountries hd the most phone lines in 2002? d-2 n whih ontinent re most of the ountries with the fewest phone lines? d-3 Whih two ountries hve the lrgest popultions? d-4 Nme three ountries tht re in the sme popultion lss (olor) s the United Sttes. 42 MDULE 1 ARMAP: E BASIS