Fuel Cell Technology in Daimler Buses. Gustav Tuschen Product Engineering Daimler Buses

Transcription

1 Fuel Cell Technology in Gustav Tuschen Product Engineering G. Tuschen, Product Engineering,

2 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, CONTENTS 1. Future conditions for city buses 2. Comparison of alternative drives (from the McKinsey bus study) 3. Market launch strategy for city buses with fuel cell drive 4. Outlook for 4th generation CFCH 5. Conclusion

3 Requirements Technology 1. Future conditions for city buses "Zero emission driving" and "noise reduction" are the driving forces behind electric mobility for city buses. Entry restrictions will lead to even stricter requirements. ZEV/ Noise "Entry restrictions in cities?" Electric drive CO 2 Fuel cons. reduction Electric drive Hybrid drive LCC Diesel drive City bus Intercity Touring coach G. Tuschen, Product Engineering,

4 tomorrow G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Future conditions for city buses Starting ca. 2020, stricter CO 2 limits that will also affect commercial vehicles are expected. Regulations regarding CO 2 and air pollution prevention are in discussion and will be defined. g CO 2 / km CO 2 limits for passenger cars EU limit in terms of the fleet average g CO 2 / km EU goals g CO 2 / km 40% reduction 1 60% reduction % reduction Time 1 European Commission reduction target compared to 1990 levels in: A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050, European Commission,

5 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Comparison of alternative drives (from the McKinsey bus study) Fuel cell drive is the technology with the greatest CO 2 emissions reduction potential Diesel CNG Parallel hybrid Serial hybrid CO 2 potential Diesel CNG Diesel hybrid H 2 fuel cell Trolley bus CO 2 potential FCell bus Battery bus Ebus with line charging Ebus with overnight charging Decarbonization limit for conventional drives WELL TO WHEEL 12METER BUS ,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 SOURCE: McKinsey Greenhouse gas emissions, in g CO 2 e/km

6 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Comparison of alternative drives (from the McKinsey bus study) The FCell bus will remain the only emissionfree drive with no restriction on the typical daily range or the additional infrastructure during operation D C P S H T O V Diesel CNG Diesel parallel hybrid Diesel serial hybrid H 2 fuel cell Trolley bus Ebuses with line charging Ebuses with overnight charging Acceleration to 30 km/h, in s V O H C P S Range, in km >300 Range in electric mode only, in km (logarithmic scale) >300 C O D P 1 S 1 V D O T H V T D 5.0 C P S H T 12 METER BUS Curb weight (12meter bus) Lowest: Diesel (11.6 tonnes) Highest: Bus with overnight charging (13.5 tonnes) Normalized for same passenger capacity Filling and charging time, in hours (logarithmic scale) 10 hours 5 hours 2 hours 1 hour 30 min. 10 min. 5 min. 1 min. SOURCE: McKinsey V C H O D P S T

7 2. Comparison of alternative drives (from the McKinsey bus study) If synergies from the passenger car segment can be used, the FCell drive will be significantly more economical from the LCC perspective Diesel Parallel hybrid Ebuses with line charging Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) in EUR/km 6 CNG Trolley buses Serial hybrid H2 fuel cell Ebuses with overnight charging 12METER BUS % % % I II III I II III I II 2020 SOURCE: McKinsey Prediction by McKinsey along with the Urban Buses: Alternative Powertrains for Europe coalition which consisted of more than 40 companies and III G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, organizations. 6

8 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Market launch strategy for city buses with fuel cell drive EvoBus has committed to a longterm city bus fuel cell strategy, the next step of which depends on the commitment of all industrial, operational and political stakeholders Research & development Preproduction series Series Technology demonstration Customer acceptance Nebus (Gen1) Experience accumulation 1 Cute/HyFleet:Cute NaBuz (Gen2) 30+6 (Gen3) 24+2 Market maturity??? (Gen4) First concept vehicles starting in

9 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Market launch strategy for city buses with fuel cell drive Fuel cell buses are currently being tested in sponsored R&D projects, high component costs are still hindering a rapid market launch Citaro FuelCell Hybrid R&D projects: EU (CHIC): 3 x Milan 5 x Postauto CH 5 x Bolzano (starting 2013) D (NaBuZ): 4 x Hamburg 2 x KIT 4 x Stuttgart (starting 2013)

10 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Market launch strategy for city buses with fuel cell drive Reaching market maturity is not the responsibility of the bus industry alone, but also requires a firm commitment from operators and politicians FCell bus (series) Natural gas bus Diesel bus Battery bus FCell bus (preproduction series) Hybrid bus? Launch Growth Market maturity How can the technology successfully reach market maturity?

11 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Outlook generation 4 (development premises) Daimler has forged an alliance with Ford and Nissan to make use of cost advantages during the development of the next passenger car fuel cell system until 2017 and to make the drive competitive.

12 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Outlook generation 4 (development premises) The next generation of city buses with fuel cell drive must significantly improve its costeffectiveness CFCH Gen. 3 Goals: CFCH Gen. 4 Range Vehicle capacity FCell system performance HV battery performance ca. 250 km = kw 250 kw + ++ =? H2 consumption Service life of FCell system LCC additional costs 8 10 kg/100 km ca hours + ++ ca % ca % + better ++ much better = similar? being investigated

13 G. Tuschen, Product Engineering, Conclusion Conclusion and summary The fuel cell system in city buses is a forwardlooking and emissionfree drive with several advantages over other alternative drives Long range with no energy input "during operation" Synergy via passenger car fuel cell system development will be a given starting ca The market maturity of the technology (generation of vehicle numbers, financing of infrastructure, safeguarding of H 2 supply) can only succeed when all players work together on a business case: City Transport operator Bus manufacturer H2 provider H2 filling station provider Sponsors