Crushing Cans Pre-Lab Questions: 1. What is Pressure? 2. How do fluids exert pressure? (include the word particles and colliding)

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Period: Crushing Cans Pre-Lab Questions: 1. What is Pressure? 2. How do fluids exert pressure? (include the word particles and colliding) 3. What are balanced pressures? Problem: Hypothesis: Materials: Procedure: See Lab Instructions Observations: Before After

2 Analysis Questions: 1. Was the can really empty before you put the water in? Explain in detail. Draw a sketch with arrows. 2. Why do you think we heated the can once we put water in it? What was the purpose? 3. How did the air pressure outside the can compare to the pressure inside the can when you started the activity? What evidence do you have? 4. How did the air pressure outside the can compare to the pressure inside the can after step #7? What evidence do you have? 5. What force crushed the can? Explain. 6. What is the formula for pressure? What are the two units for pressure? Conclusion: See attached conclusion

3 Bill Nye: Pressure! Name: Date: Per: 1. Pressure pushes on or or. 2. Pressure is a force in all directions at once. 3. Fire boats work on. They have pump and pumps make the. 4. What kept the water from spilling when the girl put the upside down glass of water on the cardboard piece of paper? Mention the word air pressure. 5. Pressure acts in at once. 6. Pressure comes from. Tiny pieces of like air or water. 7. When there is no pressure, we say it is a. 8. Atmospheric pressure pushes in. It is what makes the suction cup stick on the wall. 9. Does the video make you excited about our Bottle Rocket lab?. 10. When pressure is spread out over an area, it makes a. 11. Vacuums work with in air pressure. 12. Why doesn t it work if we use the wider end of the nail?. 13. In a water bottle, where is there more pressure? Towards the top or towards the bottom?. 14. Hoover Dam works because of. 15. Why can a water jet cut through a granite slab and wood?. 16. Is there more pressure when you go deeper in the ocean or when you are closer to the surface?. 17. How does pressure apply to drinking a milkshake through a straw?. 18. The most interesting thing I learned in this video is:. 19. The most difficult concept about pressure is:.

4 Name: Date: Period: Mini-Lab: Best Buoyant Boats! Data/Observations: Object Sink Float MY Boat Design: Holds pennies Best Boat Design: Holds pennies Pretend the tin foil weights 1 N. Make up an appropriate number for the buoyant force in your drawing. Sinking Boat Design: Holds pennies Pretend the tin foil weighs 1 N. Make up an appropriate number for the buoyant force in your drawing. 1. When a boat sinks, that means that the weight of the pennies is than the upward force. According to principle, this also means that the downward weight is greater than the weight of the fluid. 2. More volume means more liquid will be. If more liquid is displaced, then the force will be greater. 3. The Best boat is the most buoyant because(include the words: buoyant force, greater than, displaced fluid, weight)

5 Name: Date: Period: Bill Nye: Buoyancy 1. The reason that things float or sink is because water is. 2. The weight of water is what makes things. 3. Whenever a boat is in water, it pushes some water away. This is called. 4. Everything you put in the water some water. 5. The of water displaced by an object is to the weight of the object in the water. 6. The of an object determines whether it will float or not. 7. If the weight of the object is than the weight of the water displaced, the object will sink. 8. is the Greek guy that figured out buoyancy. 9. Buoyancy helps keeps AND trash afloat. 10. Why don t the pineapple, the full carton of milk, the toaster and the TV float in the pool? The of these objects is than the weight of the displaced! 11. How do fish control whether they sink or float?. 12. If something sinks, it is called buoyant. If something floats, it is called buoyant. If something neither sinks or floats, it is buoyant. 13. When Bill decides to go scuba diving, he wears a vest that can either fill with air or let out air. Why does he float if he fills the vest with air?. 14. Bill can control whether he is positively, negatively, or neutrally buoyant by. 15. Hot air balloons float in rather than water. 16. Hot air molecules move than cool air molecules. So you need of them for the balloon to take its shape. 17. Since there are fewer air molecules in a balloon, it less and displaces the cool air around it allowing it to float! 18. When a boat is in the water it displaces an amount of water that is to the weight of the boat!

6 Name: Date: Per: Floaters and Sinkers Purpose: Problem: Hypothesis: Materials: Procedure: See Lab Instructions Data: Table #1: Graduated Cylinder Graduated Cylinder + 10 ml of water 10 ml of water Mass ( ) Volume ( ) Density ( ) Table #2: Film canister with lid on Empty + 3 pennies + 4 pennies + 5 pennies + 6 pennies + 7 pennies + 8 pennies + 9 pennies + 10 pennies + 11 pennies + 12 pennies + 13 pennies + 14 pennies + 15 pennies + 16 pennies Mass (g) Volume ( ) *1 ml = 1 cm 3 Density ( ) *1 ml = 1 cm 3 % Below water Sink or Float? (as long as it is not completely submerged, it is floating) Line Graph: See Attached Line Graph

7 Analysis Questions: 1. According to your data, what is density of water? According to your notes, what is the actual density of water? 2. Look at the density of water, densities of floaters, and densities of sinkers. What pattern do you notice? Explain in detail using the density calculations from your data table. 3. What is a rule that you could ALWAYS use to determine whether any object will sink or float in a fluid. Refer to BOTH sinking and floating and the density of water. 4. Specifically describe the two ways that the density of something can change. Include the words increase and/or decrease to explain how each of these ways change the density. 5. If an object is floating with 50% of itself below water, how does its density compare to the density of water? Refer to your data meaning what is the density of the canister when it is 50% below water. 6. Use the words density, mass, and volume, to explain why a steel-hulled boat can float, even though it is quite massive. Underline or highlight each of the words as they are used. 7. A hot air balloon floats in an ocean of air. a. When a hot air balloon heats up its air, what happens to the density of the air in the balloon? b. Why does this then allow the balloon to float upwards? Conclusion: See attached conclusion

8 Name: Date: Period: Partners Names: Bottle Rockets! Purpose: Newton s Laws: Pascal s Principle: 1. Group Hypothesis: If we construct a bottle rocket, then the bottle rocket will fly (state the direction of flight and describe the velocity as it takes off and falls back down) because (apply at least 2 of Newton s laws and the forces involved as the rocket falls to the ground) Materials: Safety Rules: Colored/Labeled Drawing: (Label the Fins, Nosecone, Pressurized Body, and where the water goes) Participation Stamps: Supplies: Day #1 (Participation & Behavior): Day #2 (Behavior):

9 MY TEAM S Data Tables: My Team s Recorder: My Team s Rocket PR: MY TEAM S ROCKET TIME: My Team s Timer: Pre-Flight Mass ( ) Launch Time from Launch to Peak ( ) Partner Timer: Time from Launch to Peak ( ) 1 2 AVERAGE TIME (add up all 4 times and divide by 4): MY TEAM S ROCKET S ALTITUDE My Team s Tracker: HEIGHT in ( ) Partner Team s Tracker: HEIGHT in ( ) Launch # Altitude ( ) Altitude from yellow circle ( ) + Tracker s Height ( ) Altitude ( ) Altitude from yellow circle ( ) + Tracker s Height ( ) 1 * * 2 * * Average AVERAGE ALTITUDE ( ) : Do NOT use degress use the numbers you calculated find average altitude in meters MY TEAM S ROCKET S VELOCITY For Distance use the Average Altitude and for Time use the Average Time Velocity Equation Work Average Velocity ( )

10 PARTNER TEAM S Data Tables: Partnering Team s Recorder: Partnering Team s Rocket PR: PARTNER TEAM S ROCKET TIME: My Team s Timer: Pre-Flight Mass ( ) Launch Time from Launch to Peak ( ) Partner Timer: Time from Launch to Peak ( ) 1 2 AVERAGE TIME (add up all 4 times and divide by 4): PARTNER TEAM S ROCKET S ALTITUDE My Team s Tracker : HEIGHT in ( ) Partner Team s Tracker: HEIGHT in ( ) Launch # Altitude ( ) Altitude from yellow circle ( ) + Tracker s Height ( ) Altitude ( ) Altitude from yellow circle ( ) + Tracker s Height ( ) 1 * * 2 * * Average AVERAGE ALTITUDE ( ) : Do NOT use degress use the numbers you calculated find average altitude in meters PARTNERING TEAM S ROCKET S VELOCITY For Distance use the Average Altitude and for Time use the Average Time Velocity Equation Work Average Velocity ( )

11 Analysis Questions: 1) What was the average time for your rocket s flight and the average time for your partnering rocket s flight? What is the average altitude (in meters) for your rocket s flight and the average altitude for your partnering teams? 2) What was the average Velocity for your rocket from launch to peak? What was the average velocity for your partner team s rocket from launch to peak? 3) What are two design differences between you and your partnering team s rocket? Why do you think these design differences affected the time and average altitude? 4) Why did you only fill the pressurized body half way? Explain using Newton s 1 st Law of motion.(use the word mass in your answer) 5) Did the rocket and the water move in the same direction? Use Newton s 3 rd Law of Motion to explain what was the Action and the Reaction in the launch. 6) How does the velocity of the rocket change as it lifts off? How does it change as it falls back to the ground? In other words, what TWO forces act against the rocket s velocity and with its velocity at different times? 7) Would a rocket launched in the mountains have a greater momentum or a rocket launched at sea level? Why? Include: Air Molecules and Air resistance. 8) Which law explains what causes the rocket to fly skyward? How do you know? 9) How did Pascal s Principal apply to your rocket? Draw a sketch to show this. 10) Why do you think that your rocket could not exceed 300 grams? (apply one of Newton s 3 Laws) 11) What factors help make a rocket stable? Conclusion: See attached conclusion

12 Bill Nye: Flight Name : Date: Per: 1. is what makes things fly. 2. The difference between air pressure the wing and air pressure the wing is called 3. Airplanes fly because their curved wings develop. 4. The air traveling over the wing travels than the air traveling under the wing. 5. The air on top of the wing creates an area of. 6. You need a lot of and to be an air pilot. 7. When things like get moving they can exert pressure. 8. When you use a straw to blow air between two ping pong balls they will because the fast moving air. 9. Amelia Earhart was the first woman to. 10. Planes take off and land. 11. When you are riding a bike the pressure of moving air on your face is called. 12. The is the first human powered airplane. 13. Wings will maintain lift as long as they have an. 14. Birds, bats, and planes use the same 3 principles to fly: 1- Air has pressure. 2-3-

13 Chapter 11 Study Guide Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. If asked to draw a diagram, it must be ¼ a page in size. Do not forget labels! There are a total of 5 diagrams in this Study Guide. That means one full sheet plus a second side with ¼ used by the 5 th diagram. 1. What is Pressure? What is the SI unit for Pressure? 2. What is the equation for Pressure? 3. What is balanced Pressure? 4. Why aren t people crushed by the air pressure they experience? 5. What is the pressure exerted by a 500 N woman standing in heels with a total area of.005 m 2 6. a. How does Area related to Pressure? (Hint: The amount of pressure you exert depends on the ) b. Larger area means (More or Less) pressure. 7. a. What is a fluid? b. How does a fluid exert pressure? c. Is Air a fluid? (Yes or No) 8. Draw a diagram of a glass of water and label all of the fluid pressures acting on the glass. ( ¼ pg ) 9. a. What is Atmospheric Pressure? b. Does Atmospheric Pressure increase or decrease with elevation? WHY? 10. a. What is Water Pressure? b. Does water pressure increase or decrease with depth? WHY? 11. Draw a diagram to represent either Atmospheric Pressure or Water Pressure. Draw the fluid molecules and use arrows ( ¼ page) 12. Why must an astronaut wear a pressurized suit in space? 13. Define Density. What is the equation for Density? 14. By comparing densities, you can predict whether an object will float or in a fluid. 15. Define Buoyant Force. Include the word opposite in your definition. 16. Draw a picture to represent the buoyant force acting on a turtle swimming in the ocean. Use arrows and labels. ( ¼ page) 17. What is Archimedes Principle? 18. Why does a helium balloon float in the air? 19. An object that weighs 340 N floats on a lake. a. What is the weight of the displaced water? b. What is the buoyant force? 20. What is Pascal s Principle? What is an example of Pascal s Principle at work? 21. Draw a diagram to represent Pascal s Principle. Use arrows and labels ( ¼ page) 22. In a hydraulic system, a force applied to one piston increases the fluid pressure equally throughout the fluid. By changing the of the piston, the force can be. 23. To multiply the force applied to a piston 4 times, how much larger must the area of the right piston be compared to the left piston? 24. What is Bernoulli s Principle? 25. Draw a diagram to represent Bernoulli s Principle. Use arrows and labels. ( ¼ page) 26. List 3 applications of Bernoulli s Principle. 27. Why is air pressure at the top of a chimney less than the air pressure at the bottom? MORE STUDY TIPS!!! Re-read your Journal entries. Look over your notes (PowerPoints), labs, and activities for the unit. Do extra credit! Complete the Chapter s section assessments. They are a great review and are each worth 5 points extra credit! Use your notes and textbook to clarify anything. Use or for review activities

14 OCTOBER SKY QUESTIONS Answer the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES! Full credit = 2 stamps This film and the novel on which it is based has had a great impact on literature and science. Mr. Hickam's website is full of info at also, a learning guide can be found at the Random House website. The link from Mr. Hickam's site to this learning guide is: 1. How fast was the Sputnik Traveling? 2. What was Sputnik? 3. What inspired Homer Hickam to investigate rocketry? 4. Did Homer have a larger vision for himself at this time? 5. What motivated his friends to join him in his endeavors at "Cape Coalwood"? 6. Who does Homer Write to and why? 7. What benefits can students get from the science fair? 8. What was the impact of a rocket's exhaust nozzle on its trajectory? How did he address this problem? 9. What other problem plagued Homer's first few rockets? How was the problem solved? 10. What do we discover about Homer during this period of test and failures? 11. How does the video depict Homer using the Scientific Method?

15 12. Describe the significance of scene as Homer, descending into the mine, looks up at the sky. 13. How Far did the alleged fire starting rocket go? What made the rocket land in a different location? 14. What equation did Homer use to prove to the principle that their rocket did not start the fire? 15. What life attitudes did John (Homer s Dad) model for Homer that helped him as a person and as a scientist? 16. Who is Homer s real hero? 17. Why are chemicals used in rocketry, explain using Newton s Third Law. 18. A propulsive force of N will cause what acceleration in a 12 kg model rocket? 19. How does friction affect the performance of a rocket?

16 What are the 7 steps of the Scientific method? Compare Independent and Dependent Variable. What are 6 Lab Safety Rules? Compare Qualitative and Quantitative Data. Compare Observing, Inferring and Predicting. What are the SI units for Mass, Length, Volume, Density? What is Slope? What is the equation for Slope? Compare the terms Precision, Accuracy and Reproducibility. What is the equation for Volume? For Density? For Area? What is Scientific Inquiry? What is are 3 key components to a good scientific experiment? Compare the terms Distance and Displacement. What is Relative Motion? What is the equation AND SI unit for Speed and Acceleration? What does the slope on a Distance versus Time Graph tell you? What does the slope on a Speed versus Time Graph tell you? What does a linear and a flat line on a Distance vs. time graph represent? A linear and a flat line on a Speed vs. Time?

17 What is the Law of Conservation of Momentum? Compare the terms Balanced and Unbalanced Force. What is the SI unit for Force? What are the 4 types of Friction? List from strongest to weakest What affects the strength of Friction? How do Gravity and Weight relate? What is the equation for Weight? What is the SI unit for Weight? What is the SI unit for Force? What is Free Fall? What are Newton s 3 Laws of Motion? What is the equation for Force? What is the Equation for Momentum? What is the equation for Pressure? What is the SI unit for Pressure? What does Archimedes Principle state? What is Buoyancy? What determines the force of Buoyancy? What does Pascal s Principle state? What does Bernoulli s Principle state? What is the definition of Pressure? What are balanced Pressures?

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