Chapter 10.2 Study Guide
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1 Chapter 10.2 Study Guide True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. 1. Heating by convection can occur through solids, liquids, or gases. 2. Cool objects don't emit any radiation. 3. Radiation is the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a vacuum. 4. Some substances, when exposed to visible light, absorb more energy as heat than other substances. 5. A good insulator is a poor conductor. 6. How much the temperature of an object increases when energy is transferred as heat to the object depends only on the mass of the object. Specific Heats at 25 C Substance c (j/kg K) Substance c (j/kg K) Water (liquid) 4186 Copper 385 Steam 1870 Gold 129 Ammonia (gas) 2060 Iron 449 Ethanol (liquid) 2440 Mercury 140 Aluminum 897 Lead 129 Carbon (graphite) 709 Silver It takes more energy as heat to raise the temperature of water by one degree than to raise the temperature of steam by the same amount. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Specific Heats at 25 C Substance c (j/kg K) Substance c (j/kg K) Water (liquid) 4186 Copper 385 Steam 1870 Gold 129 Ammonia (gas) 2060 Iron 449 Ethanol (liquid) 2440 Mercury 140 Aluminum 897 Lead 129 Carbon (graphite) 709 Silver 234
2 8. Using the table, determine which substance can absorb the most energy in a temperature increase of 1K. a. liquid water c. gold b. aluminum d. lead 9. Which substance has a specific heat approximately 10 times greater than the specific heat of silver? a. water c. carbon b. ethanol d. mercury 10. The temperature of 1.5 kg of ethanol is 37ºC. What will the final temperature be if J of energy as heat is added to the ethanol? a. 22ºC c. 59ºC b. 51ºC d. 67ºC kg of a substance underwent a 3 K change in temperature when J of energy as heat was added to the substance. What is the substance? a. gold c. copper b. water d. aluminum 12. The transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules is called a. convection. c. contact. b. conduction. d. radiation. 13. The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called a. convection. c. contact. b. conduction. d. radiation. 14. Energy from the sun reaches Earth by a. conduction and radiation. c. conduction and convection. b. radiation only. d. conduction only. 15. Convection currents rise in air because a. hot air rises and cold air remains stagnant. b. cool air descends and hot air rises. c. the molecules in hot air move faster. d. hot air has less friction. 16. Which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter? a. convection. c. radiation. b. conduction. d. none of the above. 17. Which of the following substances is the best conductor of transferring energy as heat? a. carbon dioxide gas c. iron b. water d. rubber 18. Suppose a fixed number of joules of energy as heat is added to 1 kg of the substances listed below. For which substance will the rise in temperature be the least? a. liquid ethanol c. water b. iron d. carbon 19. How much heat energy will cause the temperature of 7 kg of carbon to increase its temperature by 15 K? The specific heat of iron is 449 J/kg K. a J c J b J d J 20. The temperature of a substance increases by 3 K when 1635 J is added to a 2 kg quantity of the substance. What is the specific heat of the substance? a. 242 J/kg K c. 300 J/kg K b. 272 J/kg K d. 817 J/kg K Completion
3 Complete each sentence or statement. 21. is the energy transfer as heat between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact. 22. is the transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures. 23. The movement of a gas or liquid due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences within the fluid is called a. 24. Radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet rays, and X rays are forms of. 25. is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. 26. A(n) is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat. 27. A(n) is a material that is a poor energy conductor. 28. is the amount of energy transferred as heat that will raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K. Essay 29. Why do rocks in the desert get so hot? 30. At night, a rock in the desert will cool off. How could radiation, convection, and conduction explain how the rock gets colder? 31. How do convection currents form? 32. What is radiation and where does it come from? 33. What substances make the best conductors and insulators? 34. What is specific heat?
4 Chapter 10.2 Study Guide Answer Section TRUE/FALSE 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T MULTIPLE CHOICE 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. B COMPLETION 21. Conduction 22. Convection 23. convection current 24. electromagnetic waves 25. Radiation 26. conductor 27. insulator 28. Specific heat ESSAY 29. Rocks in a desert are exposed to sunlight for the entire day. Energy from the sun is absorbed as heat by the rock through radiation.
5 30. At night, a rock will stop absorbing energy as heat from the sun and start radiating its own energy as heat to the surrounding air, which will have a lower temperature. The rock will lose energy by conduction. Furthermore, a night breeze may blow cool air over the rock, which would be an example of convection. 31. When air becomes hot it expands and the air becomes less dense. This decrease in density causes the air to rise. As the air moves up, it cools down, becomes more dense, and sinks. Thus there is a continuous cycle of rising and falling air. 32. Radiation refers to radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, X rays, and other forms of electromagnetic waves. All objects emit infrared radiation. Radiation from the sun is produced by nuclear fusion, and there are many other different sources of electromagnetic radiation. 33. Gas is a very poor conductor because its particles are far apart, which makes the collisions necessary for transferring energy rare. Liquids are naturally better conductors and solids better still. Metals are better conductors than nonmetals. Substances that are poor conductors are good insulators. 34. Specific heat is the amount of energy as heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1ºC (or 1 K).
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