Integrated use of biodegradable waste and other types of biomass for fuel production

Transcription

1 Integrated use of biodegradable waste and other types of biomass for fuel production The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk Baltic EcoEnergy Cluster Adam CENIAN Future Forum with focus on Energy, Food, Tourism Skövde, 18 October 2012

2 Methods for management of municipal waste in UE countries (2007) Source: Eurostat

3 Motivation Gdynia (city on Baltic coast) + Integrated use of biodegradable waste and other types of biomass for fuel production Eko Dolina (Eco-Valley) municipal depo 4.3 mln m3 of landfill biogas Main focus: + biogas to energy (heat?) + biogas for transport city owns 94 busses (biogas enrichment) first CNG bus stations in PL

4 Introduction EU STRATEGY ON WASTE Framework Directive on Waste: 2008/98/EC 1. Prevention and reduction of waste generation 2. Reuse 3. Recycling 4. Materials and Energy Recovery 5. Landfiling Biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reduced to 75% in 2010, 50% in 2013 and 35% in 2018 of the total amount of biodegradable waste produced in 1995

5 Local strategies Various local strategies Local authorities concentrate on various models of waste treatment: Zero waste policy Detailed sorting of waste materials: - high cost but - effective implementation of sustainability criteria - high efficiency of materials recovery General treatment of all waste with minimal sorting: - low price, - mainly WtE policy, - low level of material recovery.

6 Integrated, zero - waste system (TU Wrocław)

7 Integrated, zero - waste system (TU Wrocław) Biogas installation sewage sludge postferment ethanol production Water cleaning facility biodiesel production oil production oil cake glycerine

8 Technologies no sorting Two-stage dry fermentation GICON - Cottbus

9 Technologies no sorting compact and tightly closed system

10 Technologies no sorting This can be dried and gasified

11 Technologies no sorting The technology of pressure extrusion (Vmpress- Italy) The pressure extrusion process consists in the high-pressure ( bar) treatment of Municipal Solid Waste. - the waste is squeezed in special extrusion chambers fitted with holes in the external surface. - the organic part of the waste is extracted through the holes and physically separated from the dry one. - dry fraction as it exits from the extruder press can be utilized in grid burning plants or can be used for production of high quality fuel (RDF) -wet fraction is suitable to be utilized into anaerobic digestion plants for the production of biogas considerable reduction of waste volume (1 1/3), energy efficiency 40%

12 Technologies sorting Biogas microinstallations, PŚl, PG farms > 20 ha + CHP system: 7-10 kwe, >10 kwt

13 Technologies sorting Gasification installation in Indykpol Olsztyn fader and turkey waste fader and chicken waste

14 Gasification microsystems CHP: kwe + steam gasification + modular 100 kwc/ 40 kwe + oxygen gasification + hardly menaged wastes 180 kwc/ 75 kwe + sewage sludge + introductory biomass drying Advantages of gasification: higher combustion temperatures, higher CHP efficiency (especially small scale), tolerates bad quality (non-uniform, wet, ) biomass,

15 Gasification installation 1,5 MWt

16 Biogas utylisation Biogas utylisation - CHP local (heat needs?) or + biogas transportation to place with heat needs - biogas upgrading + natural gas grid + for local transportation

17 Biogas upgrading technology SFR method Wlot fazy ciekłej Wlot gazu Spinning Fluids Reactor TU Gdansk Wylot

18 CHP ORC systems Gdynia defines the localisation where heat is needed Advantages of distributed, sustainable CHP biomass systems: - financial issues - ecological issues - social aspects - technological issues

19 Model biomass instalation Żychlin, PL Proposed model for local energy needs CHP-ORC Financial advantage ORC system NPVFCFE > 3,5 mln Euro Whole system > 35 mln Euro For 300 systems 11 bln Euro Investments 3,5 bln Euro

20 Autonomous Energy Region ŻYCHLIN

21 AER effects Ecological effects - reduction of dust emission 15 Mg/a, - reduction SO2 > 100 Mg, - reduction CO Mg/a - reduction of eco-tax PLN/a. Social effects: - energy safety - employment increase (15-20 person highly qualified tax payer) - employment in logistics sector (biomass), - employment and activization of agroproduction (few 1000s ha per one installation) Distributed cogeneration is most Region-friendly technology Most profits in Regions

22 Bioenergy Promotion 2 Conclusions Distributed Energetics (especially biomass based cogeneration) is: 1. Eco-friendly 2. Region-friendly - keeps profits in Regions - increases employment - increases energy safety - increases efficiency - low capital and grid-friendly Distributed cogeneration is most Region-friendly technology Most profits for Regions

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25 Bioenergy Promotion 2