Electricity from Biomass: Indonesia s Potential in the Palm Oil Sector and How to Tap it?
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1 Electricity from Biomass: Indonesia s Potential in the Palm Oil Sector and How to Tap it? Adrisman Tahar Seminar on Energy from Biomass and Biogas in the Agro-industry Hotel Indonesia Kempinski, Jakarta, 20 May Seite 1
2 Outline Current Status of Palm Oil Industry Biomass Potential in Palm Oil Industry Technology Options Opportunities and Challenges What It Takes to Tap this Potential? Page Seite 2
3 Current Status of Palm Oil Industry Page Seite 3
4 World Vegetable Oil 2011 Production Others (29%) 49.5 Mio T Sunflower (7%) 11.9 MT 0.5 Ton Oil/Ha Rapeseed (14%) 23.2 Mio T 0.75 Ton Oil/Ha 171 Mio T Soybean (23%) 39.5 Mio T 0.37 Ton Oil/Ha Palm Oil (27%) 46.7 Mio T 3.65 Ton Oil/Ha Productivity in ton/year Palm oil cost production vs productivity Palm Oil 2 Rapeseed 1 Soybean Oil Oil Sunflower Oil Cost production (US$/ton) Crude Palm Oil 2011 Palm oil market Others (14.3%) 6.6 Mio T Malaysia (37.9 %) 17.8 Mio T 46.7 Mio T Indonesia (47.8 %) 22.3 Mio T Others 46.0% Uni Eropa 14.6% India 25.0% Thailand 1.0% China 13.5% Source : Oil World, European Biodiesel Board and Agriculture Dept. of Indonesia Page Seite 4
5 Current Status of Palm Oil Industry Area: ha Indonesian oil palm in 2011 Plantation area 8,908,399 ha Mature area 6,252,225 ha CPO Production 22.5 Mio Ton Palm kernel production 4.5 Mio Ton Source: IOPRI, 2012 In million plantation area Crude oil plam production Palm kernel oil production Year Page Seite 5
6 Plantation area in Indonesia 2011 (ha) CPO Production in Indonesia Mio Ton POMs in Indonesia Province No of POMs NAD 25 North Sumatera 92 West Sumatera 26 Riau and Kepri 141 Jambi 42 South Sumatera 58 Bangka Belitung 16 Bengkulu 19 Lampung 10 West Kalimantan 65 Central Kalimantan 43 South Kalimantan 15 East Kalimantan 61 Central Sulawesi 7 West Sulawesi 6 Papua 7 Others 4 Total Page Seite 6
7 Biomass Potential in Palm Oil Industry Page Seite 7
8 Processing in palm oil mills To plantation To incinerator Plantation EFB Incinerator << Palm Oil Mill >> FFB CPO Production Unit Fiber Shell Excess shell POME Treatment CPO Sludge Onsite Fuel Power Plant (Biomass Combustion) Diesel Power Plant Treated POME sent for Land Application Page Seite 8
9 v PALM OIL MILL v v SHELL (0.7 ton/ha/y) v EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (5 ton/ha/y, dry wt : 2 ton/ha/y) OIL PALM FRONDS (10-16 ton/ha) v v FIBER (1.6 ton/ha/y) FRESH FRUIT BUNCH (20 26 ton/ha/y) OIL PALM TRUNK (70 ton/ha/30y) CRUDE PALM OIL (4-5 ton/ha/y) PALM FRUIT v PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (4-5 ton/ha/y) PALM KERNEL OIL MILL CRUDE PALM KERNEL OIL (0.6 ton/ha/y) Source: IOPRI, Page Seite 9
10 Power generated potentials Oil Palm Plantation 10,000 ha 45 ton FFB/hour EFB (20%-moisture) Shell 3.54 MWh 1.35 MWh Frond* gasification 10 MWh 6.5 MWh Fiber 2.7 MWh Trunk* (30 year cycle, and power project lifetime 15 years) Biogas POME 1.25 MWh Page Seite 10
11 Fiber and shell used for power generation Shell used EFB utilization Page Seite 11
12 Technology Options Page Seite 12
13 Biomass Basic concept for biomass utilization technology Source: World Energy Assessment (2001) Page Seite 13
14 Combustion Steam Electricity Biomass Boiler Dust Bag Ash Key for EFB - pre-treatment Source: Takuma Page Seite 14
15 Gasification Gasification: solid biomass -- gas (CO + H 2 + CH 4 ) 1 2 Gasification much suits to small scale power (< 1 MW) Good option for remote and isolated area Page Seite 15
16 Fermentation Fermentation has been long time known for converting glucose into ethanol Recently people are using fermentation technology to convert highly cellulosic components such as EFB Biomethane as product No need for expensive drying Source: WABIO (2011) Page Seite 16
17 Carbonization Carbonization -- converting biomass into lignite-like product C 6 H 12 O 6 -- C 6 H 4 O 2 + 4H 2 O C; bar Developer: SunCoal, Fraunhofer Source: htc-labs.org Source: ti.bund.de Page Seite 17
18 Biogas technology options Key aspects in identification the appropriate technology Size: large, medium, small, micro Cost: capital investment required Level of technology: O&M Terrain: space available, etc. Feedstock characteristics Climate: temperature, rainfall Seite 18
19 Biogas technology comparison Complete Mix Digester UASB Source: Hamdi (2011) Covered Anaerobic Lagoons Plug Flow Digester Page Seite 19
20 Biogas technology options Covered lagoon system (CIGAR Technology) preferred due to its low capital and operating costs Biogas utilization options: - Co-firing with the existing boilers - Spark ignition engine - Micro gas turbine - Biogas upgrading Source: Hamdi (2011) Spark ignition engine preferred - Mature technology Source: Facekw (2013) Seite 20
21 Biogas implementation Project Boundary Biogas Flow Flare System kwh Palm Oil Mill Flow Gas Engine Steam Electricity Fat Pit POME Anaerobic Bio-Digester Flow Flow Steam Boiler Hydrogen Production Methane Methane Heat Methane Flow Bottling Renewable Energy Cooling Pond Flow Gas Pipeline Facultative Lagoon 1 Facultative Lagoon 2 Source: C. Susanto (2012) Seite 21
22 Opportunities and Challenges Page Seite 22
23 Opportunities Abundant resource potential Good reference from several early movers New Feed-in- Tariff scheme Increasing awareness of financing industry High growth of power demand Page Seite 23
24 Challenges 1 Grid connection investment 2 Promising technologies remain in the development stage 3 Limited local supply capability 4 (perceived) Unattractive purchasing price 5 Limited financing sources Page Seite 24
25 What it takes to tap the potential? Page Seite 25
26 Renewable Energy Fund Grid investment Project development Raising awareness & capacity building Banks and financial sectors PLN Technical consultants Incentive & reward for projects PROPER Tax incentives Linked to other government programs Workable pilot projects Lessons learned Guideline for public Page Seite 26
27 Thank you, go.. go.. renewables! Thank you Promotion of Least Cost Renewables in Indonesia () Project Page Seite 27
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