CHAPTER II SWITCH NETWORKS AND SWITCH DESIGN
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1 HPTER II- HPTER II HPTER II ND R.M. Dansereau; v..
2 nalog vs Digital
3 Transistor: Electrical witch ardee, hockley, rattain (ell Labs, 948), Nobel Prize Winners bipolar transistor (single TR) field-effect transistor (many TR)
4 Modern Integrated ircuits How many transistors do you see? How small are they?
5 HPTER II-2 I IDEL WITH implest structure in a computing system is a switch IDEL WITH INPUT OUTPUT Path exists between INPUT and OUTPUT if witch is LOED or ON Path does not exist between INPUT and OUTPUT if WITH is OPEN or OFF R.M. Dansereau; v..
6 HPTER II-6 MO MO WITHE -WITHE IN ERIE -WITHE IN PRLLEL -INPUT ELETOR The idea is to use the series and parallel switch configurations to route signals in a desired fashion. Unfortunately, it is difficult to implement an ideal switch as given. omplementary Metal Oxide emiconductor (MO) devices give us some interesting components. IDEL WITH INPUT nmo transistor DRIN pmo transistor OURE WITH GTE GTE OUTPUT OURE DRIN R.M. Dansereau; v..
7 HPTER II-7 MO TRNFER HRTERITI MO -MO WITHE nmo WITH nmo when LOED OPEN LOED Transmits logic level well Transmits logic level poorly pmo WITH LOED OPEN pmo when LOED Transmits logic level well Transmits logic level poorly R.M. Dansereau; v..
8 HPTER II-8 MO TRNMIION GTE () MO -MO WITHE -TRNFER HR. IDEL WITH INPUT OUTPUT MO TRNMIION GTE (WITH) INPUT OUTPUT nmo pmo OUTPUT OFF ON OFF ON INPUT INPUT OUTPUT R.M. Dansereau; v..
9 HPTER II-9 MO TRNMIION GTE (2) MO -MO WITHE -TRNFER HR. -TRNMIION GTE PLIT OF URRENT RO TRNMIION GTE FOR LOGI- ND LOGI- INPUT LOGI- T INPUT = LOGI- T INPUT = = = R.M. Dansereau; v..
10 HPTER II- HIGH IMPEDNE () MO -MO WITHE -TRNFER HR. -TRNMIION GTE With switches, we can consider three states for an output: Logic- Logic- High Impedance Path exists for Logic- and Logic- when the switch is LOED. / OUTPUT = / High impedance is a state where the switch is OPEN. / OUTPUT = R.M. Dansereau; v..
11 HPTER II- HIGH IMPEDNE (2) MO -HIGH IMPEDNE nother way of thinking of switches is as follows Path exists for Logic- and Logic- when the switch is LOED, meaning that the impedance/resistance is small enough to allow amply flow of current. = LOED «KΩ OURE DRIN OURE DRIN High impedance is a state where the switch is OPEN, meaning that the impedance/resistance is very large allowing nearly no current flow. = OPEN» MΩ OURE DRIN OURE DRIN R.M. Dansereau; v..
12 HPTER II-2 INVERTER (NOT) MO -HIGH IMPEDNE = PULL-DOWN PULL-UP This network inverts the binary input value. R.M. Dansereau; v..
13 HPTER II-3 NND NETWORK MO -HIGH IMPEDNE -INVERTER = PULL-DOWN PULL-UP R.M. Dansereau; v..
14 HPTER II-4 NOR NETWORK -HIGH IMPEDNE -INVERTER -NND NETWORK = + PULL-DOWN PULL-UP R.M. Dansereau; v..
15 HPTER II-5 ND NETWORK -INVERTER -NND NETWORK -NOR NETWORK NND INVERTER = R.M. Dansereau; v..
16 HPTER II-6 OR NETWORK -NND NETWORK -NOR NETWORK -ND NETWORK NOR INVERTER = + R.M. Dansereau; v..
17 HPTER II-7 XOR NETWORK -NOR NETWORK -ND NETWORK -OR NETWORK = + R.M. Dansereau; v..
18 HPTER II-8 XNOR NETWORK -ND NETWORK -OR NETWORK -XOR NETWORK = + an this be implemented without the extra inverter at the output? nswer: Yes! R.M. Dansereau; v..
19 R.M. Dansereau; v.. HPTER II-9 PULL-UP/PULL-DOWN -OR NETWORK -XOR NETWORK -XNOR NETWORK D + = D D D PULL-UP PULL-DOWN
20 HPTER II-2 FUNTION IMPLEMENTTION -XOR NETWORK -XNOR NETWORK -PULL-UP/PULL-DOWN Most oolean functions can be easily implemented using switches. The basic rules are as follows Pull-up section of switch network Use complements for all literals in expression Use only pmo devices Form series network for an ND operation Form parallel network for an OR operation Pull-down section of switch network Use complements for all literals in expression Use only nmo devices Form parallel network for an ND operation Form series network for an OR operation R.M. Dansereau; v..
21 HPTER II-2 EXMPLE PULL-UP -XNOR NETWORK -PULL-UP/PULL-DOWN -FUN. IMPLEMENTTION To implement the oolean function given below, the following pull-up network could be designed. F = E( D + ( + ) ) D E F R.M. Dansereau; v..
22 HPTER II-22 EXMPLE PULL-DOWN -PULL-UP/PULL-DOWN -FUN. IMPLEMENTTION -EXMPLE PULL-UP To complete the switch design, the pull-down section for the oolean function must also be designed. F = E( D + ( + ) ) F E D Notice how ND and OR become OR and ND circuits, respectively. R.M. Dansereau; v..
23 HPTER II-23 OMPLETED EXMPLE -FUN. IMPLEMENTTION -EXMPLE PULL-UP -EXMPLE PULL-DOWN Putting the pull-up and pull-down pieces together gives the following MO switch implementation of the oolean function. PULL-UP D PULL-DOWN E E F = E( D + ( + ) ) D R.M. Dansereau; v..
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