GCSE Additional Science Biology Contents Guide

Transcription

1 GCSE Additional Science Contents Guide

2 Copyright Boardworks Ltd 2007 Boardworks Ltd The Gallery 54 Marston Street Oxford OX4 1LF contains Adobe Flash Player software by Adobe Systems Incorporated, Copyright Adobe Macromedia Software LLC. All rights reserved. Adobe and Flash are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

3 GCSE Additional Science 1. Animal and Plant Cells 4 2. Movement In and Out of Cells 5 3. Cell Division 6 4. Growth and Development Inheritance Inherited Diseases Enzymes Homeostasis Contents 9. Photosynthesis Plant Growth Transport in Plants Energy and Biomass Decay and Recycling 16

4 1. Animal and Plant Cells 39 slides 15 interactive Flash activities 1. Animal and Plant Cells What are cells? the features of animal and plant cells specialized animal and plant cells guide to the organelles in animal and plant cells identifying the organelles found in both animal and plant cells, and those in plant cells only Animal cells the typical organelles in animal cells how specialized animal cells are adapted to their functions animation showing how to examine a cheek cell under a microscope guide to the organelles in animal cells guide to how specialized animal cells are adapted to their functions matching animal cells to their descriptions Plant cells the typical organelles in plant cells how specialized plant cells are adapted to their functions the roles of the cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast animation showing how to examine an onion cell under a microscope guide to the organelles in plant cells guide to how specialized plant cells are adapted to their functions matching plant cells to their descriptions identifying organelles from their descriptions Cell processes the role of mitochondria in respiration aerobic and anaerobic respiration how plants use photosynthesis the process of protein synthesis guide to the link between genes and proteins sequence of events in protein synthesis 4

5 2. Movement In and Out of Cells 44 slides 14 interactive Flash activities What is diffusion? introduction to diffusion diffusion of molecules along a concentration gradient and the concept of equilibrium animation showing why sweaty socks can be smelled from a distance simulation of the diffusion of gas particles simulation of the diffusion of two types of gas particles identifying true-or-false statements about diffusion Diffusion and life the importance of diffusion in the transport of substances around the body diffusion and gas exchange in the respiratory system the role of diffusion in digestion how the small intestine is adapted for digestion diffusion across the placenta and across synapses guide to the structure of the lungs animation showing how gas exchange takes place in the alveoli Osmosis and life osmosis as the diffusion of water molecules across a partially-permeable membrane differentiating between concentrated and dilute solutions the effects of osmosis on plant and animal cells identifying the direction of the net movement of water during osmosis simulation of osmosis animation showing the reaction of a plant cell to low and high water concentrations animation showing the reaction of a red blood cell to low and high water concentrations Active transport introduction to active transport why plants rely on active transport to absorb minerals how humans use active transport to absorb nutrients during digestion animation showing active transport across a cell membrane 2. Movement In and Out of Cells completing sentences about diffusion, osmosis and active transport 5

6 3. Cell Division 41 slides 15 interactive Flash activities Introduction to cell division why cells need to divide introduction to homologous chromosomes guide to human homologous chromosomes 3. Cell Division 6 Mitosis why cells divide by mitosis the sequence of events in mitosis animation showing mitosis ordering the stages of mitosis identifying chromosome arrangement at different stages of mitosis Fertilization about male and female gametes the sequence of events in fertilization animation showing human fertilization Meiosis why cells divide by meiosis how meiosis increases genetic variation the sequence of events in meiosis animation showing meiosis ordering the stages of meiosis identifying chromosome arrangement at different stages of meiosis DNA replication why DNA replicates before cell division the sequence of events in DNA replication guide to the structure of DNA activity to build your own DNA molecule animation showing how DNA replicates matching cell division terms to their descriptions mitosis-or-meiosis quiz about cell division

7 4. Growth and Development 47 slides 15 interactive Flash activities Growth rates how fetal growth rate varies during development the importance of measuring growth and ways in which growth can be measured factors affecting the size of babies allometric growth and the stages of human life animated chart showing the gestation periods of selected mammals animated graph showing human fetal growth rate guide to experiment determining the effect of maternal size on the size of offspring guide to different ways of measuring the growth of organisms identifying true-or-false statements about growth animated graph showing how growth rate changes during puberty guide to the five stages of human life Mechanisms of growth how a zygote develops into a fetus the contribution of cell division and cell elongation to human growth embryonic stem cells and cell differentiation how the growth of plants differs to that of animals animation showing exponential growth of cells matching growth and development terms to their definitions identifying whether statements about growth apply to animals, plants or both Using stem cells plant and animal regeneration the potential of embryonic stem cells in medical research adult stem cells and their advantages in medical research bone marrow transplantation as a medical use of adult stem cells voting activity on whether human embryos should be used for stem cell research virtual experiment investigating how human therapeutic cloning could treat diseases guide to adult stem cells and how they could be used to treat diseases 4. Growth and Development 7

8 5. Inheritance 48 slides 14 interactive Flash activities 5. Inheritance What is variation? the difference between inherited and acquired characteristics how variation can be classed as either continuous or discontinuous environmental and genetic causes of variation identifying the causes of variation as either genetic, environmental or both identifying types of variation as continuous or discontinuous identifying true-or-false statements about variation Genes and alleles how alleles are different versions of a single gene what it means to be homozygous or heterozygous for a characteristic how phenotype is affected by dominant and recessive alleles matching words about inheritance to their definitions Patterns of inheritance using a test-cross to determine whether an individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a characteristic how some characteristics show incomplete dominance, while others show co-dominance sex chromosomes and how gender is inherited identifying the eye colour of offspring whose parents are homozygous for their eye colour identifying the eye colour of offspring whose parents are heterozygous for their eye colour identifying the genotype of a mouse from the colours of its offspring s fur identifying the blood group of offspring whose parents are heterozygous for their blood group animation showing how gender is inherited Mendel s laws of inheritance how the results of Mendel s experiments led him to develop the laws of inheritance the use of a Punnett Square to show the outcomes of a monohybrid cross history of Mendel s work on variation and inheritance identifying the phenotype of peas in Mendel s early experiments on pea shape animation showing the possible outcomes of a cross between smooth and wrinkly peas 8

9 6. Inherited Diseases 51 slides 15 interactive Flash activities What are inherited diseases? inherited diseases as genetic disorders caused by mutated DNA or abnormal chromosomes the importance of knowing whether a person is a carrier of a disease identifying true-or-false statements about inherited diseases Huntington s disease an introduction to Huntington s disease and how it is diagnosed and treated how Huntington s disease is inherited identifying the genotype/phenotype of the offspring of a person with Huntington s disease identifying the pattern of inheritance in a family affected by Huntington s disease Cystic fibrosis an introduction to cystic fibrosis and how it is diagnosed and treated how cystic fibrosis is inherited history of the discovery of cystic fibrosis identifying the genotype/phenotype of the offspring of two carriers of cystic fibrosis identifying the pattern of inheritance in a family affected by cystic fibrosis Sickle cell anaemia an introduction to sickle cell anaemia and how it is diagnosed and treated how sickle cell anaemia is inherited sickle cell trait and how it protects against malaria identifying the genotype/phenotype of the offspring of a carrier of sickle cell anaemia identifying the pattern of inheritance in a family affected by sickle cell anaemia Other inherited diseases an introduction to haemophilia and how it is treated and inherited an introduction to Down s syndrome and how it is inherited identifying the genotype/phenotype of the offspring of a woman who is a carrier of haemophilia identifying the genotype/phenotype of the offspring of a man who has haemophilia identifying the pattern of inheritance in a family affected by haemophilia sequence showing how Down s syndrome is caused by abnormal meiosis 6. Inherited Diseases identifying the genetic cause of different inherited diseases 9

10 7. Enzymes 42 slides 14 interactive Flash activities What are enzymes? the structure and function of enzymes identifying true-or-false statements about enzymes 7. Enzymes How do enzymes work? the active site of enzymes the lock and key model of enzyme activity factors affecting the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions enzyme inhibitors and how they affect the rate of enzyme activity animation showing the lock and key model of enzyme activity virtual experiment showing how temperature affects catalase activity animation showing how competitive and non-competitive inhibitors work matching words about enzymes to their definitions Enzymes in life the role of enzymes in digestion digestion in the stomach and small intestine animation showing how enzymes break down starch, protein and fat Enzymes in industry how enzymes are used in breadmaking, brewing and confectionary how enzymes are used to clean clothes how enzymes are produced on an industrial scale animation showing how enzymes are used in breadmaking guide to which enzymes are used in brewing sequence of events in producing enzymes by industrial fermentation identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the industrial use of enzymes matching enzymes to their reactants labelling the structures of the lock and key model 10

11 8. Homeostasis 40 slides 15 interactive Flash activities What is homeostasis? the importance of homeostasis the organs involved in homeostasis animation showing how the body uses homeostasis to resist change guide to the organs of homeostasis Thermoregulation the importance of controlling core body temperature the role of the hypothalamus in controlling body temperature the role of the skin in controlling body temperature how negative feedback controls body systems animation showing what happens if a person cannot control their core temperature animation showing what happens when a person controls their core temperature identifying parts of the skin simulation showing how skin responds to temperature change animation showing the principles of negative feedback animation showing how negative feedback controls body temperature identifying true-or-false statements about thermoregulation Osmoregulation the importance of water to life dehydration and its causes feedback mechanisms in water balance animation showing how salt concentration affects the body s water balance completing sentences about osmoregulation 8. Homeostasis Glucoregulation the importance of controlling blood glucose levels the role of the pancreas in glucoregulation feedback mechanisms in glucoregulation animation showing how the body controls blood glucose levels animation showing how negative feedback controls blood glucose levels 11

12 9. Photosynthesis 48 slides 21 interactive Flash activities Using plants the uses of plants for food and other purposes information about the uses of plants Making food how photosynthesis can be represented as a word and symbol equation 9. Photosynthesis the role of plants in the evolution of Earth s atmosphere and climate change animation showing the photosynthesis reaction completing the photosynthesis word equation completing the photosynthesis symbol equation identifying the components of photosynthesis Using glucose how to identify the factors needed for photosynthesis to take place information about how plants use glucose virtual experiment to test leaves for starch using iodine predicting the conditions that are required for starch production Rate of photosynthesis how light, carbon dioxide and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis arranging the equipment needed to investigate the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis virtual experiment investigating the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis data handling activity about the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis animated graph showing how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis animated graph showing how carbon dioxide affects the rate of photosynthesis animated graph showing how temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis identifying the limiting factors of photosynthesis simulation to explore the conditions required for optimum plant growth Leaf adaptations how leaves are adapted for photosynthesis and to specific environmental conditions matching leaf adaptations to their importance for photosynthesis guide to the cellular structure of a leaf information about how leaves are adapted to their environment 12

13 10. Plant Growth 48 slides 14 interactive Flash activities Essentials for growth how plants are adapted to growth how plants can grow very tall and can live for thousands of years what plants require for growth the environmental stimuli to which plants respond voting activity on which stimulus most affects plant growth Tropisms how plants respond to different types of environmental stimuli how hormones control plant tropisms differences in the responses of shoots and roots to environmental stimuli matching plant growth movements to their definitions virtual experiment investigating phototropism animation showing how hormones control plant responses to light history of the discovery of auxins animation showing how plants respond to gravity identifying true-or-false statements about tropisms and auxins Using hormones how plant hormones are used to grow plant cuttings how plant hormones are used to kill weeds how plant hormones are used to ripen fruit virtual experiment using plant hormones to grow a plant cutting Mineral nutrients the importance of mineral nutrients to plants natural and artificial sources of mineral nutrients how to interpret NPK values of artificial fertilizers matching mineral elements to their uses in plants information about mineral deficiencies in plants matching nutrient deficiencies to plant conditions citizens panel with opinions about artificial fertilizers 10. Plant Growth 13

14 11. Transport in Plants 40 slides 14 interactive Flash activities The ins and outs of plants how plants are adapted to gain nutrients from their environment matching plant structures to their functions 11. Transport in Plants Transport tissues the location and function of transport tissues the roles of specialized xylem and phloem cells in transport animation showing how plant stems are adapted for transport information about the location of vascular bundles in roots, leaves and stems identifying statements about xylem and phloem Diffusion of gases how gases move in and out of plants how leaves are adapted for diffusion, and the role of stomata animation showing how and why a stoma opens and closes completing sentences about diffusion of gases in plants Transpiration how water moves through plants by the process of transpiration factors that affect the rate of transpiration how to measure the rate of transpiration animation showing how the movement of water through a plant can be seen animation showing transpiration information about factors that affect the rate of transpiration identifying true-or-false statements about transpiration Mineral uptake how roots are adapted to absorb minerals from soil why plants rely on active transport to absorb minerals animation showing active transport across a cell membrane identifying statements about minerals and water 14

15 12. Energy and Biomass 48 slides 13 interactive Flash activities Energy flow feeding relationships in ecosystems how energy is transferred in food chains how pyramids of numbers and pyramids of biomass are used to represent food chains matching feeding relationship terms to their definitions animation showing how energy is transferred in a food chain comparing pyramids of numbers and pyramids of biomass completing sentences about food chains and pyramids Efficiency how energy is lost in food chains how to calculate the efficiency of energy transfer guide to how energy is lost at different trophic levels numerical problems about the energy efficiency of food chains Maximizing yields why it is important to reduce losses and increase the efficiency of energy transfer in farming how food yields can be maximized through the use of greenhouses, hydroponics, fish farms and intensive animal farming ethical issues relating to methods used to maximize food yields simulation to explore the conditions required for optimum plant growth identifying which chemicals are needed to treat problems affecting crops information about how to increase yields in fish farms citizens panel with opinions about food production methods 12. Energy and Biomass Growing fuels the ways in which humans use biomass products traditional and modern uses of biomass as a fuel information about how biomass is used by humans 15

16 13. Decay and Recycling 46 slides 14 interactive Flash activities 13. Decay and Recycling Interdependence how vital materials are recycled on Earth how the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide is maintained how recycling nutrients could be used to colonize Mars completing statements about recycling and interdependence Decomposers the role of decomposers in recycling and the conditions needed for decay to occur why it is important to prevent food decay, and methods of food preservation how decomposers are used by humans how energy can be generated from decaying matter completing sentences about decomposers information comparing decay in aquatic and terrestrial habitats information about how food can be preserved matching food preservation methods to definitions of how they work The nitrogen cycle why nitrogen is an important element and how it is recycled during the nitrogen cycle how nitrogen can be added to soil using artificial fertilizers or legumes animation showing the nitrogen cycle identifying components of the nitrogen cycle matching components of the nitrogen cycle to their roles sorting statements about processes that add or remove nitrates from the environment The carbon cycle why carbon is an important element and how it is recycled during the carbon cycle factors that increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere animation showing the carbon cycle identifying components of the carbon cycle identifying true-or-false statements about the carbon cycle 16

17 Notes 17

18 Notes 18

19 What do you think? Customer feedback helps us to continue the development of our software to make it as useful and inspiring as possible. We really value your comments and would be very grateful if you could take the time to complete this form. It can be faxed to , or photocopied and posted to Boardworks Ltd, The Gallery, 54 Marston Street, Oxford, OX4 1LF. Name School Telephone Role Postcode Which GCSE science subjects do you teach? Chemistry Physics How many teachers in the school, including yourself, use? Which exam board does your department teach? What other software, if any, do you use to teach GCSE Additional Science? On what IT equipment do you primarily use the software? Interactive whiteboard Whiteboard Data projector PC Other Please indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with these statements about Boardworks GCSE Additional Science by circling the appropriate number. strongly disagree strongly agree It is easy to find the right content for my lessons The software comprehensively matches our specification Feedback There is a good range of useful interactive exercises The software helps me deliver the How Science Works aspects of the specification The contents booklets and user guide help me use the software The software is well-received by my students The software enables me to get more use from my whiteboard/ projector Please write any further comments or suggestions about in the box below. Thank you for your feedback. 19

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