(Text with EEA relevance) (2014/687/EU)

Transcription

1 L 284/76 COMMISSION IMPLEMTING DECISION of 26 Septemer 2014 estlishing the est ville tehniques (BAT) onlusions, under Diretive 2010/75/EU of the Europen Prliment nd of the Counil, for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord (notified under doument C(2014) 6750) (Text with EEA relevne) (2014/687/EU) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Hving regrd to the Trety on the Funtioning of the Europen Union, Hving regrd to Diretive 2010/75/EU of the Europen Prliment nd of the Counil of 24 Novemer 2010 on industril emissions (integrted pollution prevention nd ontrol) ( 1 ), nd in prtiulr Artile 13(5) thereof, Wheres: (1) Artile 13(1) of Diretive 2010/75/EU requires the Commission to orgnise n exhnge of informtion on industril emissions etween it nd Memer Sttes, the industries onerned nd non-governmentl orgnistions promoting environmentl protetion in order to filitte the drwing up of est ville tehniques (BAT) referene douments s defined in Artile 3(11) of tht Diretive. (2) In ordne with Artile 13(2) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, the exhnge of informtion is to ddress the performne of instlltions nd tehniques in terms of emissions, expressed s short- nd long-term verges, where pproprite, nd the ssoited referene onditions, onsumption nd nture of rw mterils, wter onsumption, use of energy nd genertion of wste nd the tehniques used, ssoited monitoring, ross-medi effets, eonomi nd tehnil viility nd developments therein nd est ville tehniques nd emerging tehniques identified fter onsidering the issues mentioned in points () nd () of Artile 13(2) of tht Diretive. (3) BAT onlusions s defined in Artile 3(12) of Diretive 2010/75/EU re the key element of BAT referene douments nd ly down the onlusions on est ville tehniques, their desription, informtion to ssess their ppliility, the emission levels ssoited with the est ville tehniques, ssoited monitoring, ssoited onsumption levels nd, where pproprite, relevnt site remedition mesures. (4) In ordne with Artile 14(3) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, BAT onlusions re to e the referene for setting permit onditions for instlltions overed y Chpter II of tht Diretive. (5) Artile 15(3) of Diretive 2010/75/EU requires the ompetent uthority to set emission limit vlues tht ensure tht, under norml operting onditions, emissions do not exeed the emission levels ssoited with the est ville tehniques s lid down in the deisions on BAT onlusions referred to in Artile 13(5) of Diretive 2010/75/EU. (6) Artile 15(4) of Diretive 2010/75/EU provides for derogtions from the requirement lid down in Artile 15(3) only where the osts ssoited with the hievement of the emission levels ssoited with the BAT disproportiontely outweigh the environmentl enefits due to the geogrphil lotion, the lol environmentl onditions or the tehnil hrteristis of the instlltion onerned. (7) Artile 16(1) of Diretive 2010/75/EU provides tht the monitoring requirements in the permit referred to in point () of Artile 14(1) of the Diretive re to e sed on the onlusions on monitoring s desried in the BAT onlusions. (8) In ordne with Artile 21(3) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, within 4 yers of pulition of deisions on BAT onlusions, the ompetent uthority is to reonsider nd, if neessry, updte ll the permit onditions nd ensure tht the instlltion omplies with those permit onditions. ( 1 ) OJ L 334, , p. 17.

2 L 284/77 (9) Commission Deision of 16 My 2011 ( 1 ) estlishes forum, for the exhnge of informtion pursunt to Artile 13 of Diretive 2010/75/EU on industril emissions, whih is omposed of representtives of Memer Sttes, the industries onerned nd non-governmentl orgnistions promoting environmentl protetion. (10) In ordne with Artile 13(4) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, the Commission otined the opinion of tht forum on the proposed ontent of the BAT referene doument for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord on 20 Septemer 2013 nd mde it pulily ville ( 2 ). (11) The mesures provided for in this Deision re in ordne with the opinion of the Committee estlished y Artile 75(1) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: Artile 1 The BAT onlusions for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord re set out in the Annex to this Deision. This Deision is ddressed to the Memer Sttes. Artile 2 Done t Brussels, 26 Septemer For the Commission Jnez POTOČNIK Memer of the Commission ( 1 ) OJ C 146, , p. 3. ( 2 )

3 L 284/78 ANNEX BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PULP, PAPER AND BOARD SCOPE GERAL CONSIDERATIONS EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER REFERCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR DEFINITIONS Generl BAT onlusions for the pulp nd pper industry Environmentl mngement system Mterils mngement nd good housekeeping Wter nd wste wter mngement Energy onsumption nd effiieny Emissions of odour Monitoring of key proess prmeters nd of emissions to wter nd ir Wste mngement Emissions to wter Emissions of noise Deommissioning BAT onlusions for krft pulping proess Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Wste genertion Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for the sulphite pulping proess Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for mehnil pulping nd hemimehnil pulping Wste wter nd emissions to wter Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for proessing pper for reyling Mterils mngement

4 L 284/ Wste wter nd emissions to wter Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for ppermking nd relted proesses Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Wste genertion Energy onsumption nd effiieny Desription of tehniques Desription of tehniques for the prevention nd ontrol of emissions to ir Desription of tehniques to redue fresh wter use/wste wter flow nd the pollution lod in wste wter Desription of tehniques for wste genertion prevention nd wste mngement SCOPE These BAT onlusions onern the tivities speified in Setions 6.1.() nd 6.1.() of Annex I to Diretive 2010/75/EU, i.e. the integrted nd non-integrted prodution in industril instlltions of: () pulp from timer or other firous mterils; () pper or rdord with prodution pity exeeding 20 tonnes per dy. In prtiulr, these BAT onlusions over the following proesses nd tivities: (i) hemil pulping: () krft (sulphte) pulping proess () sulphite pulping proess (ii) mehnil nd hemimehnil pulping (iii) proessing pper for reyling with nd without deinking (iv) ppermking nd relted proesses (v) ll reovery oilers nd lime kilns operted in pulp nd pper mills These BAT onlusions do not ddress the following tivities: (i) prodution of pulp from non-wood firous rw mteril (e.g. yerly plnt pulp); (ii) sttionry internl omustion engines; (iii) omustion plnts for stem nd power genertion other thn reovery oilers; (iv) dryers with internl urners for pper mhines nd oters. Other referene douments whih re relevnt for the tivities overed y these BAT onlusions re the following: Referene douments Industril Cooling Systems (ICS) Eonomis nd Cross-Medi Effets (ECM) Ativity Industril ooling systems, e.g. ooling towers, plte het exhngers Eonomis nd ross-medi effets of tehniques

5 L 284/80 Emissions from Storge (EFS) Referene douments Ativity Emissions from tnks, pipework nd stored hemils Energy Effiieny (E) Generl energy effiieny Lrge Comustion Plnts (LCP) Genertion of stem nd eletriity in pulp nd pper mills y omustion plnts Generl Priniples of Monitoring (MON) Emissions monitoring Wste Ininertion (WI) On-site ininertion nd o-ininertion of wste Wste Tretments Industries (WT) Preprtion of wste s fuels GERAL CONSIDERATIONS The tehniques listed nd desried in these BAT onlusions re neither presriptive nor exhustive. Other tehniques my e used tht ensure t lest n equivlent level of environmentl protetion. Unless otherwise stted, the BAT onlusions re generlly pplile. EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT Where emission levels ssoited with the est ville tehniques (BAT-AELs) re given for the sme verging period in different units (e.g. s onentrtion nd speifi lod vlues (tht is per tonne of net prodution)), those different wys of expressing BAT-AELs re to e seen s equivlent lterntives. For integrted nd multi-produt pulp nd pper mills, the BAT-AELs defined for the individul proesses (pulping, ppermking) nd/or produts need to e omined ording to mixing rule sed on their dditive shres of dishrge. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER Unless stted otherwise, the verging periods ssoited with the BAT-AELs for emissions to wter re defined s follows. Dily verge Averge over smpling period of 24 hours tken s flow-proportionl omposite smple ( 1 ) or, provided tht suffiient flow stility is demonstrted, from time-proportionl smple ( 1 ) Yerly verge Averge of ll dily verges tken within yer, weighted ording to the dily prodution, nd expressed s mss of emitted sustnes per unit of mss of produts/mterils generted or proessed ( 1 ) In speil ses, there my e need to pply different smpling proedure (e.g. gr smpling) REFERCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR The BAT-AELs for emissions to ir refer to stndrd onditions: dry gs, temperture of 273,15 K, nd pressure of 101,3 kp. Where BAT-AELs re given s onentrtion vlues, the referene O 2 level ( % y volume) is indited.

6 L 284/81 Conversion to referene oxygen onentrtion The formul for lulting the emissions onentrtion t referene oxygen level is shown elow. E R ¼ 21 O R 21 O M E M where: E R (mg/nm 3 ): O R (vol %): E M (mg/nm 3 ): O M (vol %): emissions onentrtion referred to the referene oxygen level O R referene oxygen level mesured emissions onentrtion referred to the mesured oxygen level O M mesured oxygen level. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR Unless stted otherwise, the verging periods ssoited with the BAT-AELs for emissions to ir re defined s follows. Dily verge Averge over the smpling period Yerly verge Averge over period of 24 hours sed on vlid hourly verges from ontinuous mesurement Averge vlue of three onseutive mesurements of t lest 30 minutes eh In the se of ontinuous mesurement: verge of ll vlid hourly verges. In the se of periodi mesurements: verge of ll verges over the smpling period otined during one yer. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of these BAT onlusions, the following definitions pply: Term used Definition New plnt Existing plnt Mjor refurishment New dust tement system Existing dust tement system Non-ondensle odorous gses (NCG) Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (CNCG) A plnt first permitted on the site of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions or omplete replement of plnt on the existing foundtions of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions. A plnt whih is not new plnt. A mjor hnge in design or tehnology of plnt/tement system nd with mjor djustments or replements of the proess units nd ssoited equipment. A dust tement system first operted on the site of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions. A dust tement system whih is not new dust tement system. Non-ondensle odorous gses, referring to mlodorous gses of krft pulping. Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (or strong odorous gses ): TRS-ontining gses from ooking, evportion nd from stripping of ondenstes.

7 L 284/82 Term used Definition Strong odorous gses Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (CNCG). Wek odorous gses Diluted non-ondensle odorous gses: TRS-ontining gses whih re not strong odorous gses (e.g. gses oming from tnks, wshing filters, hip ins, lime mud filters, drying mhines). Residul wek gses Wek gses tht re emitted in wys other thn through reovery oiler, lime kiln or TRS-urner. Continuous mesurement Mesurements using n utomted mesuring system (AMS) permnently instlled on site. Periodi mesurement Determintion of mesurnd (prtiulr quntity sujet to mesurement) t speified time intervls using mnul or utomted methods. Diffuse emissions Emissions rising from diret (non-hnnelled) ontt of voltile sustnes or dust with the environment under norml operting onditions. Integrted prodution Both pulp nd pper/ord re produed t the sme site. The pulp is normlly not dried efore pper/ord mnufture. Non-integrted prodution Either () prodution of mrket pulp (for sle) in mills tht do not operte pper mhines, or () prodution of pper/ord using only pulp produed in other plnts (mrket pulp). Net prodution (i) For pper mills: the unpked, slele prodution fter the lst slitter winder, i.e. efore onverting. (ii) For off-line oters: prodution fter oting. (iii) For tissue mills: slele prodution fter the tissue mhine efore ny rewinding proesses nd exluding ny ore. (iv) For mrket pulp mills: prodution fter pking (ADt). (v) For integrted mills: Net pulp, prodution refers to the prodution fter pking (ADt) plus the pulp trnsferred to the pper mill (pulp lulted t 90 % dryness, i.e. ir dry). Net pper prodution: sme s (i) Speility pper mill A mill produing numerous pper nd ord grdes for speil purposes (industril nd/or non-industril) tht re hrterised y prtiulr properties, reltively smll end use mrket or nihe pplitions tht re often espeilly designed for prtiulr ustomer or end-user group. Exmples of speility ppers inlude igrette ppers, filter ppers, metllised pper, therml pper, self-opy pper, stiking lels, st oted pper, s well s gypsum liners nd speil ppers for wxing, insulting, roofing, sphlting, nd other speifi pplitions or tretments. All of these grdes fll outside of the stndrd pper tegories. Hrdwood Group of wood speies inluding e.g. spen, eeh, irh nd eulyptus. The term hrdwood is used s opposite to softwood. Softwood Wood from onifers inluding e.g. pine nd sprue. The term softwood is used s opposite to hrdwood. Custiising Proess in the lime yle in whih hydroxide (white liquor) is regenerted y the retion C(OH) 2 + CO 3 2 CCO 3 (s) + 2 OH

8 L 284/83 ACRONYMS Term used Definition ADt Air Dry tonnes (of pulp) expressed s 90 % dryness. AOX Adsorle orgni hlides mesured ording to the ISO: 9562 stndrd method for wste wters. BOD Biohemil oxygen demnd. The quntity of dissolved oxygen required y miroorgnisms to deompose orgni mtter in wste wter. CMP Chemimehnil pulp. CTMP Chemithermomehnil pulp. COD Chemil oxygen demnd; the mount of hemilly oxidisle orgni mtter in wste wter (normlly referring to nlysis with dihromte oxidtion). DS Dry solids, expressed s weight %. DTPA Diethlyene trimine penteti id (omplexing/helting gent used in peroxide lehing). ECF Elementl Chlorine Free. EDTA Ethylene dimine tetreti id (omplexing/helting gent). H 2 S Hydrogen sulphide. LWC Light weight oted pper. NO X The sum of nitrogen oxide (NO) nd nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), expressed s NO 2. NSSC Neutrl sulphite semi hemil. RCF Reyled fires. SO 2 Sulphur dioxide. TCF Totlly Chlorine Free. Totl nitrogen (Tot-N) Totl nitrogen (Tot-N) given s N, inludes orgni nitrogen, free mmoni nd mmonium (NH 4+ -N), nitrites (NO 2- -N) nd nitrtes (NO 3- -N). Totl phosphorus (Tot-P) Totl phosphorus (Tot-P) given s P, inludes dissolved phosphorus plus ny insolule phosphorus rried over into the effluent in the form of preipittes or within miroes. TMP Thermomehnil pulp. TOC Totl orgni ron.

9 L 284/84 Term used Definition TRS Totl redued sulphur. The sum of the following redued mlodorous sulphur ompounds generted in the pulping proess: hydrogen sulphide, methyl merptn, dimethylsulphide nd dimethyldisulphide, expressed s sulphur. TSS Totl suspended solids (in wste wter). Suspended solids onsist of smll fire frgments, fillers, fines, non-settled iomss (gglomertion of miroorgnisms) nd other smll prtiles. VOC Voltile orgni ompounds s defined in Artile 3(45) of Diretive 2010/75/EU GERAL BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY The proess speifi BAT onlusions inluded in Setions 1.2 to 1.6 pply, in ddition to the generl BAT onlusions mentioned in this setion Environmentl mngement system BAT 1. In order to improve the overll environmentl performne of plnts for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord, BAT is to implement nd dhere to n environmentl mngement system (EMS) tht inorportes ll of the following fetures: () ommitment of the mngement, inluding senior mngement; () definition of n environmentl poliy tht inludes the ontinuous improvement of the instlltion y the mngement; () plnning nd estlishing the neessry proedures, ojetives nd trgets, in onjuntion with finnil plnning nd investment; (d) implementtion of proedures pying prtiulr ttention to: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) struture nd responsiility trining, wreness nd ompetene ommunition employee involvement doumenttion effiient proess ontrol (vii) mintenne progrmmes (viii) emergeny prepredness nd response (ix) sfegurding ompline with environmentl legisltion; (e) heking performne nd tking orretive tion, pying prtiulr ttention to: (i) monitoring nd mesurement (see lso the Referene Doument on the Generl Priniples of Monitoring) (ii) orretive nd preventive tion (iii) mintenne of reords (iv) independent (where prtile) internl nd externl uditing in order to determine whether or not the EMS onforms to plnned rrngements nd hs een properly implemented nd mintined;

10 L 284/85 (f) review of the EMS nd its ontinuing suitility, dequy nd effetiveness y senior mngement; (g) following the development of lener tehnologies; (h) onsidertion for the environmentl impts from the eventul deommissioning of the instlltion t the stge of designing new plnt, nd throughout its operting life; (i) pplition of setorl enhmrking on regulr sis. Appliility The sope (e.g. level of detils) nd nture of the EMS (e.g. stndrdised or non-stndrdised) will generlly e relted to the nture, sle nd omplexity of the instlltion, nd the rnge of environmentl impts it my hve Mterils mngement nd good housekeeping BAT 2. BAT is to pply the priniples of good housekeeping for minimising the environmentl impt of the prodution proess y using omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f g Creful seletion nd ontrol of hemils nd dditives Input-output nlysis with hemil inventory, inluding quntities nd toxiologil properties Minimise the use of hemils to the minimum level required y the qulity speifitions of the finl produt Avoid the use of hrmful sustnes (e.g. nonylphenol ethoxylte-ontining dispersion or lening gents or surftnts) nd sustitution y less hrmful lterntives Minimise the input of sustnes into the soil y lekge, eril deposition nd the inpproprite storge of rw mterils, produts or residues Estlish spill mngement progrmme nd extend the ontinment of relevnt soures, thus preventing the ontmintion of soil nd groundwter Proper design of the piping nd storge systems to keep the surfes len nd to redue the need for wshing nd lening BAT 3. In order to redue the relese of not redily iodegrdle orgni helting gents suh s EDTA or DTPA from peroxide lehing, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Determintion of quntity of helting gents relesed to the environment through periodi mesurements Appliility Not pplile for mills tht do not use helting gents Proess optimistion to redue onsumption nd emission of not redily iodegrdle helting gents Preferentil use of iodegrdle or eliminle helting gents, grdully phsing out nondegrdle produts Not pplile for plnts tht eliminte 70 % or more of EDTA/DTPA in their wste wter tretment plnt or proess Appliility depends on the vilility of pproprite sustitutes (iodegrdle gents meeting e.g. rightness requirements of pulp)

11 L 284/ Wter nd wste wter mngement BAT 4. In order to redue the genertion nd the pollution lod of wste wter from wood storge nd preprtion, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Dry derking (desription see Setion ) Appliility Restrited ppliility when high purity nd rightness is required with TCF lehing Hndling of wood logs in suh wy s to void the ontmintion of rk nd wood with snd nd stones Generlly pplile Pving of the wood yrd re nd prtiulrly the surfes used for the storge of hips Appliility my e restrited due to the size of the wood yrd nd storge re d Controlling the flow of sprinkling wter nd minimising surfe run-off wter from the wood yrd Generlly pplile e Colleting of ontminted run-off wter from the wood yrd nd seprting out suspended solids effluent efore iologil tretment Appliility my e restrited y the degree of ontmintion of run-off wter (low onentrtion) nd/or the size of the wste wter tretment plnt (lrge volumes) The BAT-ssoited effluent flow from dry derking is 0,5 2,5 m 3 /ADt. BAT 5. In order to redue fresh wter use nd genertion of wste wter, BAT is to lose the wter system to the degree tehnilly fesile in line with the pulp nd pper grde mnuftured y using omintion of the tehniques given elow. Appliility Monitoring nd optimising wter usge Evlution of wter reirultion options d e f Blning the degree of losure of wter iruits nd potentil drwks; dding dditionl equipment if neessry Seprtion of less ontminted seling wter from pumps for vuum genertion nd reuse Seprtion of len ooling wter from ontminted proess wter nd reuse Reusing proess wter to sustitute for fresh wter (wter reirultion nd losing of wter loops) Generlly pplile Applile to new plnts nd mjor refurishments. Appliility my e limited due to wter qulity nd/or produt qulity requirements or due to tehnil onstrints (suh s preipittion/inrusttion in wter system) or inrese odour nuisne g In-line tretment of (prts of) proess wter to improve wter qulity to llow for reirultion or reuse Generlly pplile

12 L 284/87 The BAT-ssoited wste wter flow t the point of dishrge fter wste wter tretment s yerly verges re: Setor BAT-ssoited wste wter flow Blehed krft m 3 /ADt Unlehed krft m 3 /ADt Blehed sulphite pper grde pulp m 3 /ADt Mgnefite pulp m 3 /ADt Dissolving pulp m 3 /ADt NSSC pulp m 3 /ADt Mehnil pulp 9 16 m 3 /t CTMP nd CMP 9 16 m 3 /ADt RCF pper mills without deinking 1,5 10 m 3 /t (the higher end of the rnge is minly ssoited with folding oxord prodution) RCF pper mills with deinking 8 15 m 3 /t RCF-sed tissue pper mills with deinking m 3 /t Non-integrted pper mills 3,5 20 m 3 /t Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 6. In order to redue fuel nd energy onsumption in pulp nd pper mills, BAT is to use tehnique () nd omintion of the other tehniques given elow. Use n energy mngement system tht inludes ll of the following fetures: (i) Assessment of the mill's overll energy onsumption nd prodution (ii) Loting, quntifying nd optimising the potentils for energy reovery (iii) Monitoring nd sfegurding the optimised sitution for energy onsumption Generlly pplile Appliility Reover energy y ininerting those wstes nd residues from the prodution of pulp nd pper tht hve high orgni ontent nd lorifi vlue, tking into ount BAT 12 Only pplile if the reyling or reuse of wstes nd residues from the prodution of pulp nd pper with high orgni ontent nd high lorifi vlue is not possile

13 L 284/88 d Cover the stem nd power demnd of the prodution proesses s fr s possile y the ogenertion of het nd power (CHP) Use exess het for the drying of iomss nd sludge, to het oiler feedwter nd proess wter, to het uildings, et. Appliility Applile for ll new plnts nd for mjor refurishments of the energy plnt. Appliility in existing plnts my e limited due to the mill lyout nd ville spe Appliility of this tehnique my e limited in ses where the het soures nd lotions re fr prt e Use thermo ompressors Applile to oth new nd existing plnts for ll grdes of pper nd for oting mhines, s long s medium pressure stem is ville f g h i j Insulte stem nd ondenste pipe fittings Use energy effiient vuum systems for dewtering Use high effiieny eletril motors, pumps nd gittors Use frequeny inverters for fns, ompressors nd pumps Mth stem pressure levels with tul pressure needs Generlly pplile Desription (): Simultneous genertion of het nd eletril nd/or mehnil energy in single proess, referred to s omined het nd power plnt (CHP). CHP plnts in the pulp nd pper industry normlly pply stem turines nd/or gs turines. The eonomi viility (hievle svings nd pyk time) will depend minly on the ost of eletriity nd fuels Emissions of odour With regrd to the emissions of mlodorous sulphur-ontining gses from krft nd sulphite pulp mills, see the proess-speifi BAT given in Setions nd BAT 7. In order to prevent nd redue the emission of odorous ompounds originting from the wste wter system, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. I. Applile for odours relted to wter systems losure Design pper mill proesses, stok nd wter storge tnks, pipes nd hests in suh wy s to void prolonged retention times, ded zones or res with poor mixing in wter iruits nd relted units, in order to void unontrolled deposits nd the dey nd deomposition of orgni nd iologil mtter. Use ioides, dispersnts or of oxidising gents (e.g. tlyti disinfetion with hydrogen peroxide) to ontrol odour nd deying teri growth.

14 L 284/89 Instll internl tretment proesses ( kidneys ) to redue the onentrtions of orgni mtter nd onsequently possile odour prolems in the white wter system. II. Applile for odours relted to wste wter tretment nd sludge hndling, in order to void onditions where wste wter or sludge eomes neroi d e f g h Implement losed sewer systems with ontrolled vents, using hemils in some ses to redue the formtion of nd to oxidise hydrogen sulphide in sewer systems. Avoid over-ertion in equlistion sins ut mintin suffiient mixing. Ensure suffiient ertion pity nd mixing properties in ertion tnks; revise the ertion system regulrly. Gurntee proper opertion of seondry lrifier sludge olletion nd return sludge pumping Limit the retention time of sludge in sludge storges y sending the sludge ontinuously to the dewtering units. Avoid the storge of wste wter in the spill sin longer thn is neessry; keep the spill sin empty. If sludge dryers re used, tretment of therml sludge dryer vent gses y sruing nd/or io filtrtion (suh s ompost filters). Avoid ir ooling towers for untreted wter effluent y pplying plte het exhngers Monitoring of key proess prmeters nd of emissions to wter nd ir BAT 8. BAT is to monitor the key proess prmeters ording to the tle given elow. I. Monitoring key proess prmeters relevnt for emissions to ir Prmeter Pressure, temperture, oxygen, CO nd wter vpour ontent in flue-gs for omustion proesses Monitoring frequeny Continuous II. Monitoring key proess prmeters relevnt for emissions to wter Wter flow, temperture nd ph Prmeter P nd N ontent in iomss, sludge volume index, exess mmoni nd ortho-phosphte in the effluent, nd mirosopy heks of the iomss Volume flow nd CH 4 ontent of iogs produed in neroi wste wter tretment Monitoring frequeny Continuous Periodi Continuous H 2 S nd CO 2 tretment ontents of iogs produed in neroi wste wter Periodi

15 L 284/90 BAT 9. BAT is to rry out the monitoring nd mesurement of emissions to ir, s indited elow, on regulr sis with the frequeny indited nd ording to stndrds. If stndrds re not ville, BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds whih ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Emission soure Monitoring ssoited with Continuous Reovery oiler BAT 21 BAT 22 BAT 36 BAT 37 NO x nd SO 2 Periodi or ontinuous Lime kiln BAT 24 BAT 26 Periodi or ontinuous Dedited TRS urner BAT 28 BAT 29 Dust Periodi or ontinuous Reovery oiler (krft) nd lime kiln BAT 23 BAT 27 Periodi Reovery oiler (sulphite) BAT 37 Continuous Reovery oiler BAT 21 TRS (inluding H 2 S) Periodi or ontinuous Lime kiln nd dedited TRS urner BAT 24 BAT 25 BAT 28 Periodi Diffuse emissions from different soures (e.g. the fire line, tnks, hip ins, et.) nd residul wek gses BAT 11 BAT 20 d NH 3 Periodi Reovery oiler equipped with SNCR BAT 36 BAT 10. BAT is to rry out the monitoring of emissions to wter, s indited elow, with the indited frequeny nd ording to stndrds. If stndrds re not ville, BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds tht ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Monitoring ssoited with Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) or Totl orgni ron (TOC) ( 1 ) Dily ( 2 ) ( 3 ) BOD 5 or BOD 7 Weekly (one week) Totl suspended solids (TSS) Dily ( 2 ) ( 3 ) d Totl nitrogen Weekly (one week) ( 2 ) BAT 19 BAT 33 BAT 40 BAT 45 BAT 50 e Totl phosphorus Weekly (one week) ( 2 ) f EDTA, DTPA ( 4 ) Monthly (one month)

16 L 284/91 Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Monitoring ssoited with Monthly (one month) BAT 19: lehed krft g AOX (ording to ISO 9562:2004) ( 5 ) One every two months BAT 33: exept TCF nd NSSC mills BAT 40: exept CTMP nd CMP mills BAT 45 BAT 50 h Relevnt metls (e.g. Zn, Cu, Cd, P, Ni) One yer ( 1 ) There is trend to reple COD y TOC for eonomi nd environmentl resons. If TOC is lredy mesured s key proess prmeter, there is no need to mesure COD; however, orreltion etween the two prmeters should e estlished for the speifi emission soure nd wste wter tretment step. ( 2 ) Rpid test methods n lso e used. The results of rpid tests should e heked regulrly (e.g. monthly) ginst stndrds or, if stndrds re not ville, ginst ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds whih ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. ( 3 ) For mills operting less thn seven dys week, the monitoring frequeny for COD nd TSS my e redued to over the dys the mill is in opertion or to extend the smpling period to 48 or 72 hours. ( 4 ) Applile where EDTA or DTPA (helting gents) re used in the proess. ( 5 ) Not pplile to plnts tht provide evidene tht no AOX is generted or dded vi hemil dditives nd rw mterils. BAT 11. BAT is to regulrly monitor nd ssess diffuse totl redued sulphur emissions from relevnt soures. Desription The ssessment of diffuse totl redued sulphur emissions n e done y periodi mesurement nd ssessment of diffuse emissions tht re emitted from different soures (e.g. the fire line, tnks, hip ins et.) y diret mesurements Wste mngement BAT 12. In order to redue the quntities of wstes sent for disposl, BAT is to implement wste ssessment (inluding wste inventories) nd mngement system, so s to filitte wste reuse, or filing tht, wste reyling, or filing tht, other reovery, inluding omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Seprte olletion of different wste frtions (inluding seprtion nd lssifition of hzrdous wste) Generlly pplile Merging of suitle frtions of residues to otin mixtures tht n e etter utilised Generlly pplile Pretretment of proess residues efore reuse or reyling See Setion Generlly pplile d Mteril reovery nd reyling of proess residues on site Generlly pplile e Energy reovery on- or off-site from wstes with high orgni ontent For off-site utilistion, the ppliility depends on the vilility of third prty

17 L 284/92 Desription Appliility f Externl mteril utilistion Depending on the vilility of third prty g Pretretment of wste efore disposl Generlly pplile Emissions to wter Further informtion on wste wter tretment in pulp nd pper mills nd proess-speifi BAT-AELs re given in Setions 1.2 to 1.6. BAT 13. In order to redue nutrient (nitrogen nd phosphorus) emissions into reeiving wters, BAT is to sustitute hemil dditives with high nitrogen nd phosphorus ontents y dditives ontining low nitrogen nd phosphorus ontents. Appliility Applile if the nitrogen in the hemil dditives is not ioville (i.e. it nnot serve s nutrient in iologil tretment) or if the nutrient lne is in surplus. BAT 14. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters, BAT is to use ll of the tehniques given elow. Primry (physio-hemil) tretment Seondry (iologil) tretment ( 1 ) See Setion Desription ( 1 ) Not pplile to plnts where the iologil lod of wste wter fter the primry tretment is very low, e.g. some pper mills produing speility pper. BAT 15. When further removl of orgni sustnes, nitrogen or phosphorus is needed, BAT is to use tertiry tretment s desried in Setion BAT 16. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from iologil wste wter tretment plnts, BAT is to use ll of the tehniques given elow. Proper design nd opertion of the iologil tretment plnt Regulrly ontrolling the tive iomss Adjustment of nutrition supply (nitrogen nd phosphorus) to the tul need of the tive iomss

18 L 284/ Emissions of noise BAT 17. In order to redue the emissions of noise from pulp nd pper mnufturing, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Noise-redution progrmme A noise-redution progrmme inludes identifition of soures nd ffeted res, lultions nd mesurements of noise levels in order to rnk soures ording to noise levels, nd identifition of the most ost effetive omintion of tehniques, their implementtion nd monitoring. Generlly pplile. Strtegi plnning of the lotion of equipment, units nd uildings Noise levels n e redued y inresing the distne etween the emitter nd the reeiver nd y using uildings s noise sreens. Generlly pplile to new plnts. In the se of existing plnts, the relotion of equipment nd prodution units my e restrited y the lk of spe or y exessive osts. Opertionl nd mngement tehniques in uildings ontining noisy equipment This inludes: improved inspetion nd mintenne of equipment to prevent filures losing of doors nd windows of overed res equipment opertion y experiened stff voidne of noisy tivities during night-time provisions for noise ontrol during mintenne tivities d Enlosing noisy equipment nd units Enlosure of noisy equipment, suh s wood hndling, hydruli units, nd ompressors in seprte strutures, suh s uildings or soundproofed inets, where internl-externl lining is mde of impt-sorent mteril. Generlly pplile. e Use of low-noise equipment nd noise-reduers on equipment nd duts. f Virtion insultion Virtion insultion of mhinery nd deoupled rrngement of noise soures nd potentilly resonnt omponents. g Soundproofing of uildings This potentilly inludes use of: sound-soring mterils in wlls nd eilings sound-isolting doors doule-glzed windows

19 L 284/94 Desription Appliility h Noise tement Noise propgtion n e redued y inserting rriers etween emitters nd reeivers. Approprite rriers inlude protetion wlls, emnkments nd uildings. Suitle noise tement tehniques inlude fitting sileners nd ttenutors to noisy equipment suh s stem releses nd dryer vents. Generlly pplile to new plnts. In the se of existing plnts, the insertion of ostles my e restrited y the lk of spe. i j Use of lrger wood-hndling mhines to redue lifting nd trnsport times nd noise from logs flling onto log piles or the feed tle. Improved wys of working, e.g. relesing logs from lower height onto the log piles or the feed tle; immedite feedk of the level of noise for the workers. Generlly pplile Deommissioning BAT 18. In order to prevent pollution risks when deommissioning plnt, BAT is to use the generl tehniques given elow. Ensure tht underground tnks nd piping re either voided in the design phse or tht their lotion is well known nd doumented. Estlish instrutions for emptying proess equipment, vessels nd piping. Ensure len losure when the fility is shut down, e.g. to len up nd rehilitte the site. Nturl soil funtions should e sfegurded, if fesile. d Use monitoring progrmme, espeilly reltive to groundwter, in order to detet possile future impts on site or in neighouring res. e Develop nd mintin site losure or esstion sheme, sed on risk nlysis, tht inludes trnsprent orgnistion of the shutdown work, tking into ount relevnt lol speifi onditions BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR KRAFT PULPING PROCESS For integrted krft pulp nd pper mills, the proess-speifi BAT onlusions for ppermking given in Setion 1.6 pply, in ddition to the BAT onlusions in this setion Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 19. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from the whole mill, BAT is to use TCF or modern ECF lehing (see desription in Setion ), nd suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 nd BAT 16 nd of the tehniques given elow.

20 L 284/95 Desription Appliility Modified ooking efore lehing Oxygen delignifition efore lehing Generlly pplile Closed rown stok sreening nd effiient rown stok wshing d Prtil proess wter reyling in the leh plnt Wter reyling my e limited due to inrusttion in lehing e Effetive spill monitoring nd ontinment with suitle reovery system See Setion Generlly pplile f g Mintining suffiient lk liquor evportion nd reovery oiler pity to ope with pek lods Stripping the ontminted (foul) ondenstes nd reusing the ondenstes in the proess Generlly pplile BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 1 nd Tle 2. These BAT-ssoited emission levels re not pplile to dissolving krft pulp mills. The referene wste wter flow for krft mills is set out in BAT 5. Tle 1 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from lehed krft pulp mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 7 20 Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,3 1,5 Totl nitrogen 0,05 0,25 ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus 0,01 0,03 ( 2 ) Eulyptus: 0,02 0,11 kg/adt ( 3 ) Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) 0 0,2 ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) A ompt iologil wste wter tretment plnt n result in slightly higher emission levels. ( 3 ) The upper end of the rnge refers to mills using eulyptus from regions with higher levels of phosphorus (e.g. Ierin eulyptus). ( 4 ) Applile for mills using hlorine ontining lehing hemils. ( 5 ) For mills produing pulp with high strength, stiffness nd high purity properties (e.g. for liquid pkging ord nd LWC), emissions level of AOX up to 0,25 kg/adt my our.

21 L 284/96 Tle 2 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from n unlehed krft pulp mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 2,5 8 Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,3 1,0 Totl nitrogen 0,1 0,2 ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus 0,01 0,02 ( 2 ) ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) A ompt iologil wste wter tretment plnt n result in slightly higher emission levels. The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24-hour omposite smple) Emissions to ir Redution of emissions in strong nd wek odorous gses BAT 20. In order to redue odour emissions nd totl redued sulphur emissions due to strong nd wek odorous gses, BAT is to prevent diffuse emissions y pturing ll proess-sed sulphur ontining off-gses, inluding ll vents with sulphur-ontining emissions, y pplying ll of the tehniques given elow. Desription Colletion systems for strong nd wek odorous gses, omprising the following fetures: overs, sution hoods, duts, nd extrtion system with suffiient pity; ontinuous lek detetion system; sfety mesures nd equipment. Ininertion of strong nd wek non-ondensle gses Ininertion n e rried out using: reovery oiler lime kiln ( 1 ) dedited TRS urner equipped with wet sruers for SO x removl; or power oiler ( 2 ) To ensure the onstnt vilility of ininertion for odorous strong gses, k-up systems re instlled. Lime kilns n serve s k-up for reovery oilers; further k-up equipment re flres nd pkge oiler Reording unvilility of the ininertion system nd ny resulting emissions ( 3 ) ( 1 ) The SO x emission levels of the lime kiln inrese signifintly when strong non-ondensle gses (NCG) re fed to the kiln nd no lkline sruer is used. ( 2 ) Applile for the tretment of wek odorous gses. ( 3 ) Applile for the tretment of strong odorous gses.

22 L 284/97 Appliility Generlly pplile for new plnts nd for mjor refurishments of existing plnts. The instlltion of neessry equipment my e diffiult for existing plnts due to lyout nd spe restritions. The ppliility of ininertion might e limited for sfety resons, nd in this se wet sruers ould e used. BAT-ssoited emission level of totl redued sulphur (TRS) in residul wek gses emitted is 0,05 0,2 kg S/ADt Redution of emissions from reovery oiler SO 2 nd TRS emissions BAT 21. In order to redue SO 2 nd TRS emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Inresing the dry solids (DS) ontent of lk liquor Desription The lk liquor n e onentrted y n evportion proess efore urning Optimised firing Firing onditions n e improved e.g. y good mixing of ir nd fuel, ontrol of furne lod et. Wet sruer See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 3. Tle 3 BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd TRS emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Dily verge ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Yerly verge ( 1 ) Yerly verge ( 1 ) mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 kg S/ADt SO 2 DS < 75 % DS % ( 3 ) Totl redued sulphur (TRS) 1 10 ( 4 ) 1 5 Gseous S (TRS- S + SO 2 -S) DS < 75 % 0,03 0,17 DS % ( 3 ) 0,03 0,13 ( 1 ) Inresing the DS ontent of the lk liquor results in lower SO 2 emissions nd higher NO x emissions. Due to this, reovery oiler with low emission levels for SO 2, my e on the higher end of the rnge for NO x nd vie vers. ( 2 ) BAT-AELs do not over periods during whih the reovery oiler is run on DS ontent muh lower thn the norml DS ontent due to shut down or mintenne of the lk liquor onentrtion plnt. ( 3 ) If reovery oiler were to urn lk liquor with DS > 83 %, then SO 2 nd gseous S emission levels should e reonsidered on se-y-se sis. ( 4 ) The rnge is pplile without the ininertion of odorous strong gses. DS = dry solid ontent of the lk liquor.

23 L 284/98 NO x emissions BAT 22. In order to redue NO x emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use n optimised firing system inluding ll of the fetures given elow. Computerised omustion ontrol Good mixing of fuel nd ir Stged ir feed systems, e.g. y using different ir registers nd ir inlet ports Appliility ()is pplile to new reovery oilers nd in the se of mjor refurishment of reovery oilers, s this tehnique requires onsiderle hnges to the ir feed systems nd the furne. BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 4. Tle 4 BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO x emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Yerly verge ( 1 ) Yerly verge ( 1 ) mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 kg NO x /ADt NO x Softwood ( 2 ) Hrdwood ( 2 ) DS < 75 %: 0,8 1,4 DS % ( 3 ): 1,0 1,6 DS < 75 %: 0,8 1,4 DS % ( 3 ): 1,0 1,7 ( 1 ) Inresing the DS ontent of the lk liquor results in lower SO 2 emissions nd higher NO x emissions. Due to this, reovery oiler with low emission levels for SO 2, my e on the higher end of the rnge for NO x nd vie vers. ( 2 ) The tul NO x emission level of reovery oiler depends on the DS ontent nd the nitrogen ontent of the lk liquor, nd the mount nd omintion of NCG nd other nitrogen ontining flows (e.g. dissolving tnk vent gs, methnol seprted from the ondenste, iosludge) urnt. The higher the DS ontent, the nitrogen ontent in the lk liquor, nd the mount of NCG nd other nitrogen ontining flows urnt, the loser the emissions will e to the upper end of the BAT-AEL rnge. ( 3 ) If reovery oiler were to urn lk liquor with DS > 83 %, then NO x emission levels should e reonsidered on se-y-se sis. DS = dry solid ontent of lk liquor. Dust emissions BAT 23. In order to redue dust emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use n eletrostti preipittor (ESP) or omintion of ESP nd wet sruer.

24 L 284/99 Desription SeeSetion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 5. Tle 5 BAT-ssoited emission levels for dust emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Dust tement system Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg dust/adt Dust New or mjor refurishment ,02 0,20 Existing ( 1 ) 0,02 0,3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For n existing reovery oiler equipped with n ESP pprohing the end of its opertionl life, emission levels my inrese over time up to 50 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,4 kg/adt) Redution of emissions from lime kiln SO 2 emissions BAT 24. In order to redue SO 2 emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Fuel seletion/low sulphur fuel Limit ininertion of sulphur-ontining odorous strong gses in the lime kiln Control of N 2 S ontent in lime mud feed See Setion d Alkline sruer BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 6. Tle 6 BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd sulphur emissions from lime kiln Prmeter ( 1 ) Yerly verge mg SO 2 /Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg S/ADt SO 2 when strong gses re not urnt in the lime kiln 5 70

25 L 284/100 Prmeter ( 1 ) Yerly verge mg SO 2 /Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg S/ADt SO 2 when strong gses re urnt in the lime kiln Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) when strong gses re not urnt in the lime kiln Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) when strong gses re urnt in the lime kiln 0,005 0,07 0,055 0,12 ( 1 ) strong gses inludes methnol nd turpentine TRS emissions BAT 25. In order to redue TRS emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Control of the exess oxygen Control of N 2 S ontent in lime mud feed See Setion Desription Comintion of ESP nd lkline sruer See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 7. Tle 7 BAT-ssoited emission levels for TRS emissions from lime kiln Prmeter Yerly verge mg S/Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Totl redued sulphur (TRS) < 1 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For lime kilns urning strong gses (inluding methnol nd turpentine), the upper end of the AEL rnge my e up to 40 mg/nm 3. NO x emissions BAT 26. In order to redue NO x emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription d Optimised omustion nd omustion ontrol Good mixing of fuel nd ir Low-NO x urner Fuel seletion/low-n fuel See Setion

26 L 284/101 BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 8. Tle 8 BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO x emissions from lime kiln Prmeter Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg NO x /ADt Liquid fuels ( 1 ) 0,1 0,2 ( 1 ) Gseous fuels ( 2 ) 0,1 0,3 ( 2 ) ( 1 ) When using liquid fuels originting from vegetle mtter (e.g. turpentine, methnol, tll-oil), inluding those otined s y-produts of the pulping proess, emission levels up to 350 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,35 kg NO x /ADt) my our. ( 2 ) When using gseous fuels originting from vegetle mtter (e.g. non-ondensle gses), inluding those otined s y-produts of the pulping proess, emission levels up to 450 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,45 kg NO x /ADt) my our. Dust emissions BAT 27. In order to redue dust emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to use n eletrostti preipittor (ESP) or omintion of ESP nd wet sruer. Desription See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 9. Tle 9 BAT-ssoited emission levels for dust emissions from lime kiln Prmeter Dust tement system Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg dust/adt Dust New or mjor refurishments ,005 0,02 Existing ( 1 ) 0,005 0,03 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For n existing lime kiln equipped with n ESP pprohing the end of its opertionl life, emission levels my inrese over time up to 50 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,05 kg/adt) Redution of emissions from urner for strong odorous gses (dedited TRS urner) BAT 28. In order to redue SO 2 emissions from the ininertion of strong odorous gses in dedited TRS urner, BAT is to use n lkline SO 2 sruer.

27 L 284/102 BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 10. Tle 10 BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd TRS emissions from the ininertion of strong gses in dedited TRS urner Prmeter Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 9 % O 2 Yerly verge kg S/ADt SO TRS 1 5 Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) 0,002 0,05 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) This BAT-AEL is sed on gs flow in the rnge of Nm 3 /ADt. BAT 29. In order to redue NO x emissions from the ininertion of strong odorous gses in dedited TRS urner, BAT is to use one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Burner/firing optimistion See Setion Generlly pplile Stged ininertion See Setion Generlly pplile for new plnts nd for mjor refurishments. For existing mills, pplile only if spe llows for the insertion of equipment BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 11. Tle 11 BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO x emissions from the ininertion of strong gses in dedited TRS urner Prmeter Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 9 % O 2 Yerly verge kg NO x /ADt NO x ( 1 ) 0,01 0,1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Where t existing plnts swith to stged ininertion is not fesile, emissions levels up to mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,2 kg/adt) my our Wste genertion BAT 30. In order to prevent wste genertion nd minimise the mount of solid wste to e disposed of, BAT is to reyle dust from lk liquor reovery oiler ESPs to the proess.

28 L 284/103 Appliility Reirultion of dust my e limited due to non-proess elements in the dust Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 31. In order to redue therml energy onsumption (stem), mximise the enefit of energy rriers used, nd to redue the onsumption of eletriity, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f g h i j k l m n o p q High dry solid ontent of rk, y use of effiient presses or drying High effiieny stem oilers, e.g. low flue-gs tempertures Effetive seondry heting systems Closing wter systems, inluding leh plnt High pulp onentrtion (middle or high onsisteny tehnique) High effiieny evportion plnt Reovery of het from dissolving tnks e.g. y vent sruers Reovery nd use of the low temperture strems from effluents nd other wste het soures to het uildings, oiler feedwter nd proess wter Approprite use of seondry het nd seondry ondenste Monitoring nd ontrol of proesses, using dvned ontrol systems Optimise integrted het exhnger network Het reovery from the flue-gs from the reovery oiler etween the ESP nd the fn Ensuring s high pulp onsisteny s possile in sreening nd lening Use of speed ontrol of vrious lrge motors Use of effiient vuum pumps Proper sizing of pipes, pumps nd fns Optimised tnk levels BAT 32. In order to inrese the effiieny of power genertion, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. High lk liquor dry solid ontent (inreses oiler effiieny, stem genertion nd thus eletriity genertion) High reovery oiler pressure nd temperture; in new reovery oilers the pressure n e t lest 100 rs nd the temperture 510 C

29 L 284/104 Outlet stem pressure in the k-pressure turine s low s tehnilly fesile d Condensing turine for power prodution from exess stem e High turine effiieny f Preheting feedwter to temperture lose to the oiling temperture g Preheting the omustion ir nd fuel hrged to the oilers 1.3. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE SULPHITE PULPING PROCESS For integrted sulphite pulp nd pper mills, the proess-speifi BAT onlusions for ppermking given in Setion 1.6 pply, in ddition to the BAT in this setion Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 33. In order to prevent nd redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from the whole mill, BAT is to use suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 nd BAT 16 nd of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Extended modified ooking efore lehing. Oxygen delignifition efore lehing. Appliility my e limited due to pulp qulity requirements (when high strength is required). Closed rown stok sreening nd effiient rown stok wshing. Generlly pplile. d Evportion of effluents from the hot lkline extrtion stge nd ininertion of onentrtes in sod oiler. Limited ppliility for dissolving pulp mills, when multistge iologil tretment of the effluents provides more fvourle overll environmentl sitution. e TCF lehing. See Setion Limited ppliility for mrket pper pulp mills produing high rightness pulp nd for mills mnufturing speility pulp for hemil pplitions. f Closed-loop lehing. Only pplile to plnts tht use the sme se for ooking nd ph djustment in lehing. g MgO-sed pre-lehing nd reirultion of wshing liquids from prelehing to rown stok wshing. Appliility my e limited y ftors suh s produt qulity (e.g. purity, lenliness nd rightness), kpp numer fter ooking, hydruli pity of the instlltion nd pity of tnks, evportors nd reovery oilers, nd possiility to len the wshing equipment.

30 L 284/105 Desription Appliility h ph djustment of wek liquor efore/ inside the evportion plnt. Generlly pplile to mgnesiumsed plnts. Spre pity in the reovery oiler nd sh iruit is needed. i Aneroi tretment of the ondenstes from the evportors. Generlly pplile. j Stripping nd reovery of SO 2 the ondenstes of evportors. from Applile if it is neessry to protet neroi effluent tretment. k Effetive spill monitoring nd ontinment, lso with hemil nd energy reovery system. Generlly pplile. BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 12 nd Tle 13. These BAT-ssoited emission levels re not pplile to dissolving pulp mills nd to the mnufturing of speility pulp for hemil pplitions. The referene wste wter flow for sulphite mills is set out in BAT 5. Tle 12 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from pulp mill mnufturing lehed sulphite nd mgnefite pper grde pulp Prmeter Blehed sulphite pper grde pulp ( 1 ) Mgnefite pper grde pulp ( 1 ) Yerly verge kg/adt ( 2 ) Yerly verge kg/adt Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) ( 3 ) Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,4 1,5 0,5 2,0 Totl nitrogen 0,15 0,3 0,1 0,25 Totl phosphorus 0,01 0,05 ( 3 ) 0,01 0,07 Yerly verge mg/l Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) 0,5 1,5 ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) The BAT-AELs do not pply to nturl greseproof pulp mills). ( 3 ) The BAT-AEL for COD nd totl phosphorus do not pply to eulyptus sed mrket pulp ( 4 ) Sulphite mrket pulp mills my pply gentle ClO 2 lehing stge in order to meet produt requirements, thus resulting in AOX emissions. ( 5 ) Not pplile to TCF mills

31 L 284/106 Tle 13 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from sulphite pulp mill mnufturing NSSC pulp Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 3,2 11 Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,5 1,3 Totl nitrogen 0,1 0,2 ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus 0,01 0,02 ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) Due to proess-speifi higher emissions, the BAT-AEL for totl nitrogen does not pply to mmonium-sed NSSC pulping. The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24-hour omposite smple) Emissions to ir BAT 34. In order to prevent nd redue SO 2 emissions, BAT is to ollet ll highly onentrted SO 2 -gs strems from id liquor prodution, digesters, diffusers, or low tnks nd to reover the sulphur omponents. BAT 35. In order to prevent nd redue diffuse sulphur-ontining nd odorous emissions from wshing, sreening, nd evportors, BAT is to ollet these wek gses nd to pply one of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Ininertion in reovery oiler See Setion Not pplile to sulphite pulp mills using liumsed ooking. These mills do not operte reovery oiler Wet sruer See Setion Generlly pplile BAT 36. In order to redue NO x emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use n optimised firing system inluding one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Optimising the reovery oiler y ontrolling the firing onditions Generlly pplile Stged injetion of spent liquor See Setion Applile to new lrge reovery oilers nd mjor reovery oilers refurishments

32 L 284/107 Desription Appliility Seletive non-tlyti redution (SNCR) Retrofitting of existing reovery oilers my e limited due to sling prolems nd ssoited inresed lening nd mintenne requirements. For mmonium-sed mills, no pplition ws reported; ut due to speifi onditions in the wste gs, SNCR is expeted to e without effet. Not pplile to sodium-sed mills due to explosion risk BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 14. Tle 14 BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO x nd NH 3 emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Dily verge mg/nm 3 t 5 % O 2 Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 5 % O 2 NO x ( 1 ) ( 1 ) NH 3 (mmoni slip for SNCR) < 5 ( 1 ) For mmonium-sed mills, higher emission levels of NO x my our: up to 580 mg/nm 3 s dily verge nd up to 450 mg/nm 3 s yerly verge. BAT 37. In order to redue dust nd SO 2 emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use one of the tehniques given elow nd to limit id opertion of the sruers to the minimum required to ensure their proper funtioning. ESP or multiylones with multistge venturi sruers ESP or multiylones with multistge doule inlet downstrem sruers See Setion Desription BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 15. Tle 15 BAT-ssoited emission levels for dust nd SO 2 emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Averge over the smpling period mg/nm 3 t 5 % O 2 Dust 5 20 ( 1 ) ( 2 )

33 L 284/108 Prmeter Averge over the smpling period mg/nm 3 t 5 % O 2 Dily verge mg/nm 3 t 5 % O 2 Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 5 % O 2 SO ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 1 ) For reovery oilers operted in mills using more thn 25 % of hrdwood (potssium-rih) in rw mterils, higher dust emissions up to 30 mg/nm 3 my our. ( 2 ) The BAT-AEL for dust does not pply for mmonium-sed mills. ( 3 ) Due to proess-speifi higher emissions, the BAT-AEL for SO 2 does not pply for reovery oilers operted permnently under idi onditions, i.e. using sulphite liquor s wet-sruer wshing medi s prt of the sulphite reovery proess. ( 4 ) For existing multistge venturi sruers, higher emissions of SO 2 up to 400 mg/nm 3 s dily verge vlue nd up to 350 mg/nm 3 s yerly verge my our. ( 5 ) Not pplile during id opertion, i.e. periods in whih preventive flushing nd lening of inrusttion in the sruers tkes ple. During these periods emissions n e up to mg SO 2 /Nm 3 (t 5 % O 2 ) for lening of one of the sruers nd up to mg SO 2 /Nm 3 (hlf-hourly men vlues, t 5 % O 2 ) when lening the finl wsher. The BAT-ssoited environmentl performne level is durtion of id opertion of round 240 hours per yer for the sruers, nd less thn 24 hours per month for the lst monosulphite sruer Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 38. In order to redue therml energy onsumption (stem), mximise the enefit of the energy rriers used nd to redue the onsumption of eletriity, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. High dry solids ontent of rk, y use of effiient presses or drying High effiieny stem oilers, e.g. low exhust-gs tempertures Effetive seondry heting system d Closing wter systems, inluding leh plnt e High pulp onentrtion (middle or high onsisteny tehniques) f Reovery nd use of the low temperture strems from effluents nd other wste het soures to het uildings, oiler feedwter nd proess wter g Approprite use of seondry het nd seondry ondenste h Monitoring nd ontrol of proesses, using dvned ontrol systems i Optimise integrted het exhnger network j Ensuring s high pulp onsisteny s possile in sreening nd lening k Optimised tnk levels

34 L 284/109 BAT 39. In order to inrese the effiieny of power genertion, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. High reovery oiler pressure nd temperture Outlet stem pressure in the k-pressure turine s low s tehnilly fesile Condensing turine for power prodution from exess stem d High turine effiieny e Preheting feedwter to temperture lose to the oiling temperture f Preheting the omustion ir nd fuel hrged to the oilers 1.4. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR MECHANICAL PULPING AND CHEMIMECHANICAL PULPING The BAT onlusions in this setion pply to ll integrted mehnil pulp, pper nd ord mills nd to mehnil pulp mills, CTMP nd CMP pulp mills. BAT 49, BAT 51, BAT 52 nd BAT 53 lso pply to ppermking in integrted mehnil pulp, pper nd ord mills, in ddition to the BAT onlusions in this setion Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 40. In order to redue fresh wter use, wste wter flow, nd the pollution lod, BAT is to use suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 nd BAT 16 nd of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Counter-urrent flow of proess wter nd seprtion of wter systems. High onsisteny lehing. Generlly pplile d Wshing stge efore the refining of softwood mehnil pulp using hip pre-tretment. Sustitution of NOH y C(OH) 2 or Mg(OH) 2 s lkli in peroxide lehing. See Setion Appliility for the highest rightness levels my e restrited e f Fire nd filler reovery nd tretment of white wter (ppermking). Optimum design nd onstrution of tnks nd hests (ppermking). Generlly pplile

35 L 284/110 BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 16. These BAT-AELs lso pply to mehnil pulp mills. The referene wste wter flow for integrted mehnil, CTM nd CTMP pulp mills re set out in BAT 5. Tle 16 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from the integrted prodution of pper nd ord from mehnil pulps produed on site Prmeter Yerly verge kg/t Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 0,9 4,5 ( 1 ) Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,06 0,45 Totl nitrogen 0,03 0,1 ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus 0,001 0,01 ( 1 ) In the se of highly lehed mehnil pulp ( % of fire in finl pper), emission levels of up to 8 kg/t my our. ( 2 ) When iodegrdle or eliminle helting gents nnot e used due to pulp qulity requirements (e.g. high rightness), the emissions of totl nitrogen might e higher thn this BAT-AEL nd should e ssessed on se-y-se sis. Tle 17 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from CTMP or CMP pulp mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,5 0,9 Totl nitrogen 0,15 0,18 ( 1 ) Totl phosphorus 0,001 0,01 ( 1 ) When iodegrdle or eliminle helting gents nnot e used due to pulp qulity requirements (e.g. high rightness), the emissions of totl nitrogen might e higher thn this BAT- AEL nd should e ssessed on se-y-se sis. The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24-hour omposite smple) Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 41. In order to redue the onsumption of therml nd eletril energy, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Use of energy effiient refiners Appliility Applile when repling, reuilding or upgrding proess equipment

36 L 284/111 Appliility Extensive reovery of seondry het from TMP nd CTMP refiners nd reuse of reovered stem in pper or pulp drying Minimistion of fire losses y using effiient rejet refining systems (seondry refiners) d Instlltion of energy sving equipment, inluding utomted proess ontrol insted of mnul systems Generlly pplile e Redution of fresh wter use y internl proess wter tretment nd reirultion systems f Redution of the diret use of stem y reful proess integrtion using e.g. pinh nlysis 1.5. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR PROCESSING PAPER FOR RECYCLING The BAT onlusions in this setion pply to ll integrted RCF mills nd to RCF pulp mills. BAT 49, BAT 51, BAT 52 nd BAT 53 lso pply to ppermking in integrted RCF pulp, pper nd ord mills, in ddition to the BAT onlusions in this setion Mterils mngement BAT 42. In order to prevent the ontmintion of soil nd groundwter or to redue the risk thereof nd in order to redue wind drift of pper for reyling nd diffuse dust emissions from the pper for reyling yrd, BAT is to use one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Appliility Hrd surfing of the storge re for pper for reyling Generlly pplile Colletion of ontminted run-off wter from the pper for reyling storge re nd tretment in wste wter tretment plnt (unontminted rinwter e.g. from roofs n e dishrged seprtely) Appliility my e restrited y the degree of ontmintion of run-off wter (low onentrtion) nd/or the size of the wste wter tretment plnts (lrge volumes) Surrounding the terrin of the pper for reyling yrd with fenes ginst wind drift Generlly pplile d Regulrly lening the storge re nd sweeping ssoited rodwys nd emptying gully pots to redue diffuse dust emissions. This redues wind-lown pper deris, fires nd the rushing of pper y on-site trffi, whih n use dditionl dust emission, espeilly in the dry seson Generlly pplile e Storing of les or loose pper under roof to protet the mteril from wether influenes (moisture, miroiologil degrdtion proesses, et.) Appliility my e restrited y the size of the re

37 L 284/ Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 43. In order to redue fresh wter use, wste wter flow, nd the pollution lod, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Seprtion of the wter systems Counter-urrent flow of proess wter nd wter reirultion Prtil reyling of treted wste wter fter iologil tretment See Setion Desription Mny RCF pper mills reyle prtil strem of iologilly treted wste wter k into the wter iruit, espeilly mills produing orrugted medium or Testliner d Clrifition of white wter See Setion BAT 44. In order to mintin dvned wter iruit losure in mills proessing pper for reyling nd to void possile negtive effets from the inresed reyling of proess wter, BAT is to use one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Monitoring nd ontinuous ontrol of the proess wter qulity Prevention nd elimintion of iofilms y using methods tht minimise emissions of ioides Removl of lium from proess wter y ontrolled preipittion of lium ronte See Setion Appliility s () () re pplile to RCF pper mills with dvned wter iruit losure. BAT 45. In order to prevent nd redue the pollution lod of wste wter into reeiving wters from the whole mill, BAT is to use suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15, BAT 16, BAT 43 nd BAT 44. For integrted RCF pper mills, the BAT-AELs inlude emissions from ppermking, sine the white wter iruits of the pper mhine re losely onneted with those of the stok preprtion. BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 18 nd Tle 19. The BAT-ssoited emission levels in Tle 18 pply lso to RCF without deinking pulp mills, nd the BATssoited emission levels in Tle 19 pply lso to RCF with deinking pulp mills. The referene wste wter flow for RCF mills is set out in BAT 5.

38 L 284/113 Tle 18 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from the integrted prodution of pper nd ord from reyled fires pulp, produed without deinking on site Prmeter Yerly verge kg/t Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 0,4 ( 1 ) 1,4 Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,02 0,2 ( 2 ) Totl nitrogen 0,008 0,09 Totl phosphorus 0,001 0,005 ( 3 ) Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) 0,05 for wet strength pper ( 1 ) For mills with ompletely losed wter iruits, there re no emissions of COD. ( 2 ) For existing plnts, levels up to 0,45 kg/t my our, due to the ontinuous deline in the qulity of pper for reyling nd the diffiulty of ontinuously upgrding the effluent plnt. ( 3 ) For mills with wste wter flow etween 5 nd 10 m 3 /t, the upper end of the rnge is 0,008 kg/t. Tle 19 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from the integrted prodution of pper nd ord from reyled fires pulp produed with deinking on site Prmeter Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) Yerly verge kg/t 0,9 3,0 0,9 4,0 for tissue pper Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,08 0,3 0,1 0,4 for tissue pper Totl nitrogen 0,01 0,1 0,01 0,15 for tissue pper Totl phosphorus 0,002 0,01 0,002 0,015 for tissue pper Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) 0,05 for wet strength pper The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24-hour omposite smple).

39 L 284/ Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 46. BAT is to redue eletril energy onsumption within RCF proessing pper mills y using omintion of the tehniques given elow. Appliility High onsisteny pulping for disintegrting pper for reyling into seprted fires Effiient orse nd fine sreening y optimising rotor design, sreens nd sreen opertion, whih llows the use of smller equipment with lower speifi energy onsumption Energy sving stok preprtion onepts extrting impurities s erly s possile in the re-pulping proess, using fewer nd optimised mhine omponents, thus restriting the energy intensive proessing of the fires Generlly pplile for new plnts nd for existing plnts in the se of mjor refurishment 1.6. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR PAPERMAKING AND RELATED PROCESSES The BAT onlusions in this setion pply to ll non-integrted pper mills nd ord mills nd to the pper nd ord mking prt of integrted krft, sulphite, CTMP nd CMP mills. BAT 49, BAT 51, BAT 52 nd BAT 53 pply to ll integrted pulp nd pper mills. For integrted krft, sulphite, CTMP nd CMP pulp nd pper mills, the proess-speifi BAT for pulping lso pply, in ddition to the BAT onlusions in this setion Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 47. In order to redue the genertion of wste wter, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Optimum design nd onstrution of tnks nd hests Applile to new plnts nd to existing plnts in the se of mjor refurishment Fire nd filler reovery nd tretment of white wter Generlly pplile Wter reirultion See Setion Generlly pplile. Dissolved orgni, inorgni, nd olloidl mterils my restrit the wter reuse in the wire setion d Optimistion of showers in the pper mhine Generlly pplile

40 L 284/115 BAT 48. In order to redue fresh wter use nd emissions to wter from speility pper mills, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Improvement of pper prodution plnning Improved plnning to optimise prodution th omintions nd length Mngement of wter iruits to fit hnges Wste wter tretment plnt redy to ope with hnges Adjust wter iruits to e le to ope with hnges of pper grdes, olours nd hemil dditives used Adjust wste wter tretment to e le to ope with vritions of flows, low onentrtions nd vrying types nd mounts of hemil dditives Generlly pplile d Adjustment of the roke system nd of hest pities e Minimistion of relese of hemil dditives (e.g. grese-/wter proof gents) ontining per- or polyflourinted ompounds or ontriuting to their formtion Applile only for plnts produing pper with grese- or wter-repellent properties f Swith to low AOX-ontining produt ids (e.g. to sustitute use of wet strength gents sed on epihlorohydrin resins) Applile only for plnts produing pper grdes with high wet strength BAT 49. In order to redue emission lods of oting olours nd inders whih n distur the iologil wste wter tretment plnt, BAT is to use tehnique () given elow or, in se this is tehnilly not fesile, tehnique () given elow. Desription Appliility Reovery of oting olours/reyling of pigments Effluents ontining oting olours re olleted seprtely. The oting hemils re reovered y e.g.: (i) ultrfiltrtion; (ii) sreening-floultion-dewtering proess with return of the pigments to the oting proess. The lrified wter ould e reused in the proess For ultrfiltrtion, the ppliility my e restrited when: effluent volumes re very smll oting effluents re generted in vrious ples of the mill mny hnges in oting our; or different oting olour reipes re inomptile Pretretment of effluents whih ontin oting olours Effluents whih ontin oting olours re treted e.g. y floultion to protet the susequent iologil wste wter tretment Generlly pplile BAT 50. In order to prevent nd redue the pollution lod of wste wter into reeiving wters from the whole mill, BAT is to use suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15, BAT 47, BAT 48 nd BAT 49.

41 L 284/116 BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 20 nd Tle 21. The BAT-AELs in Tle 20 nd Tle 21 lso pply to the pper nd ord mking proess of integrted krft, sulphite, CTMP nd CMP pulp nd pper mills. The referene wste wter flow for non-integrted pper nd ord mills is set out in BAT 5. Tle 20 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from nonintegrted pper nd ord mill (exluding speility pper) Prmeter Yerly verge kg/t Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 0,15 1,5 ( 1 ) Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,02 0,35 Totl nitrogen 0,01 0,1 0,01 0,15 for tissue pper Totl phosphorus 0,003 0,012 Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) 0,05 for deor nd wet strength pper ( 1 ) For grphi pper mills, the upper end of the rnge refers to mills mnufturing pper tht use strh for the oting proess. The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24-hour omposite smple). Tle 21 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from nonintegrted speility pper mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/t ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 0,3 5 ( 2 ) Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,10 1 Totl nitrogen 0,015 0,4 Totl phosphorus 0,002 0,04 Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) 0,05 for deor nd wet strength pper ( 1 ) Mills hving speil hrteristis, suh s high numer of grde hnges (e.g. of 5 per dy s yerly verge) or produing very light-weight speility ppers ( 30 g/m 2 s yerly verge) might hve higher emissions thn the upper end of the rnge. ( 2 ) The upper end of the BAT-AEL rnge refers to mills produing highly omminuted pper whih requires intensive refining nd to mills with frequent hnges of pper grdes (e.g. 1 2 hnges/dy s yerly verge).

42 L 284/ Emissions to ir BAT 51. In order to redue VOC emissions from off-line or on-line oters, BAT is to hoose oting olour reipes (ompositions) tht redue VOC emissions Wste genertion BAT 52. In order to minimise the mount of solid wste to e disposed of, BAT is to prevent wste genertion nd to rry out reyling opertions y the use of omintion of the tehniques given elow (see generl BAT 20). Desription Appliility Fire nd filler reovery nd tretment of white wter See Setion Generlly pplile Broke reirultion system Broke from different lotions/phses of pper mking proess is olleted, repulped nd returned to the fire feedstok Generlly pplile Reovery of oting olours/reyling of pigments See Setion d Reuse of fire sludge from primry wste wter tretment Sludge with high fire ontent from the primry tretment of wste wter n e reutilised in prodution proess Appliility my e limited y produt qulity requirements Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 53. In order to redue the onsumption of therml nd eletril energy, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Energy sving sreening tehniques (optimised rotor design, sreens nd sreen opertion) Best prtie refining with het reovery from the refiners Appliility Applile to new mills or mjor refurishments Optimised dewtering in the press setion of pper mhine/wide nip press Not pplile to tissue pper nd mny speility ppers grdes d e Stem ondenste reovery nd use of effiient exhust ir het reovery systems Redution of diret use of stem y reful proess integrtion using e.g. pinh nlysis Generlly pplile f High effiient refiners Applile to new plnts

43 L 284/118 Appliility g Optimistion of the operting mode in existing refiners (e.g. redution of no lod power requirements) h Optimised pumping design, vrile speed drive ontrol for pumps, gerless drives Generlly pplile i Cutting edge refining tehnologies j Stem ox heting of the pper we to improve the dringe properties/dewtering pity Not pplile to tissue pper nd mny speility ppers grdes k Optimised vuum system (e.g. turo fns insted of wter ring pumps) l Genertion optimistion nd distriution network mintenne m Optimistion of het reovery, ir system, insultion n Use of high effiient motors (EFF1) o p Preheting of shower wter with het exhnger Use of wste het for sludge drying or upgrding of dewtered iomss Generlly pplile q Het reovery from xil lowers (if used) for the supply ir of the drying hood r Het reovery of exhust ir from the Ynkee hood with trikling tower s Het reovery from the infrred exhust hot ir 1.7. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUES Desription of tehniques for the prevention nd ontrol of emissions to ir Dust Eletrostti preipittor (ESP) Desription Eletrostti preipittors operte suh tht prtiles re hrged nd seprted under the influene of n eletril field. They re ple of operting over wide rnge of onditions. Alkline sruer See Setion (wet sruer).

44 L 284/ NO x Redution of ir/fuel rtio Desription The tehnique is minly sed on the following fetures: reful ontrol of ir used for omustion (low exess oxygen), minimistion of ir lekges into the furne, modified design of the furne omustion hmer. Optimised omustion nd omustion ontrol Bsed on permnent monitoring of pproprite omustion prmeters (e.g. O 2, CO ontent, fuel/ir rtio, un-urnt omponents), this tehnique uses ontrol tehnology for hieving the est omustion onditions. NO x formtion nd emissions n e deresed y djusting the running prmeters, the ir distriution, exess oxygen, flme shping nd the temperture profile. Stged ininertion Stged ininertion is sed on the use of two urning zones, with ontrolled ir rtios nd tempertures in first hmer. The first urning zone opertes t su-stoihiometri onditions to onvert mmoni ompounds into elementry nitrogen t high temperture. In the seond zone, dditionl ir feed ompletes omustion t lower temperture. After the two-stge ininertion, the flue-gs flows to seond hmer to reover the het from the gses, produing stem to the proess. Fuel seletion/low-n fuel The use of fuels with low nitrogen ontent redues the mount of NO x emissions from the oxidtion of nitrogen ontined in the fuel during omustion. The omustion of CNCG or iomss-sed fuels inreses NO x emissions ompred to oil nd nturl gs, s CNCG nd ll wood-derived fuels ontin more nitrogen thn oil nd nturl gs. Due to higher omustion tempertures, gs firing leds to higher NO x levels thn oil firing. Low-NO x urner Low-NO x urners re sed on the priniples of reduing pek flme tempertures, delying ut ompleting the omustion nd inresing the het trnsfer (inresed emissivity of the flme). It my e ssoited with modified design of the furne omustion hmer. Stged injetion of spent liquor The injetion of spent sulphite liquor into the oiler t vrious vertilly stged levels prevents the formtion of NO x, nd provides for omplete omustion. Seletive non-tlyti redution (SNCR) The tehnique is sed on the redution of NO x to nitrogen y retion with mmoni or ure t high temperture. Ammoni wter (up to 25 % NH 3 ), mmoni preursor ompounds or ure solution is injeted into the omustion gs to redue NO to N 2. The retion hs n optimum effet in temperture window of out 830 C to C, nd suffiient retention time must e provided for the injeted gents to ret with NO. Dosing rtes of mmoni or ure hve to e ontrolled to keep NH 3 slip t low levels SO 2 /TRS emissions prevention nd ontrol High dry solid lk liquor Desription With higher dry solid ontent of the lk liquor, the omustion temperture inreses. This vporises more sodium (N), whih n ind the SO 2 forming N 2 SO 4 thus reduing SO 2 emissions from the reovery oiler. A drwk to the higher temperture is tht emissions of NO x my inrese

45 L 284/120 Fuel seletion/low-s fuel Desription The use of low-sulphur ontent fuels with sulphur ontent of out 0,02 0,05 % y weight (e.g. forest iomss, rk, low-sulphur oil, gs) redues SO 2 emissions generted y the oxidtion of sulphur in the fuel during omustion Optimised firing s suh s effiient firing rte ontrol system (ir-fuel, temperture, residene time), ontrol of exess oxygen or good mixing of ir nd fuel Control of N 2 S ontent in lime mud feed Effiient wshing nd filtrtion of the lime mud redues the onentrtion of N 2 S, thus reduing the formtion of hydrogen sulphide in the kiln during the re-urning proess Colletion nd reovery of SO 2 emissions Highly onentrted SO 2 -gs strems from id liquor prodution, digesters, diffusers or low tnks re olleted. SO 2 is reovered in sorption tnks with different pressure levels, oth for eonomi nd environmentl resons Ininertion of odorous gses nd TRS Colleted strong gses n e destroyed y urning them in the reovery oiler, in dedited TRS urners, or in the lime kiln. Colleted wek gses re suitle for urning in the reovery oiler, lime kiln, power oiler or in the TRS urner. Dissolving tnk vent gses n e urnt in modern reovery oilers Colletion nd ininertion of wek gses in reovery oiler Comustion of wek gses (lrge volume, low SO 2 onentrtions) omined with k-up system. Wek gses nd other odorous omponents re simultneously olleted to e urnt in the reovery oiler. From the exhust gs of the reovery oiler, the sulphur dioxide is then reovered y ounter-urrent multistge sruers nd reused s ooking hemil. As k-up system, sruers re used. Wet sruer Gseous ompounds re dissolved in suitle liquid (wter or lkline solution). Simultneous removl of solid nd gseous ompounds my e hieved. Downstrem of the wet sruer, the flue-gses re sturted with wter nd seprtion of the droplets is required efore dishrging the flue-gses. The resulting liquid hs to e treted y wste wter proess nd the insolule mtter is olleted y sedimenttion or filtrtion ESP or multiylones with multistge venturi sruers or multistge doule inlet downstrem sruers The seprtion of dust is rried out in n eletrostti preipittor or multistge ylone. For the mgnesium sulphite proess, the dust retined in the ESP onsists minly of MgO ut lso to minor extent, K, N or C ompounds. The reovered MgO sh is suspended with wter nd lened y wshing nd slking to form Mg(OH) 2 whih is then used s n lkline sruing solution in the multistge sruers in order to reover the sulphur omponent of the ooking hemils. For the mmonium sulphite proess, the mmoni se (NH 3 ) is not reovered, s it is deomposed in the omustion proess in nitrogen. After the removl of dust, the flue-gs is ooled down y pssing through ooling sruer operted with wter nd it then enters three or more stged sruer of the flue-gs where the SO 2 emissions re srued with the Mg(OH) 2 lkline solution in the se of the mgnesium sulphite proess, nd with 100 % fresh NH 3 solution in the se of the mmonium sulphite proess.

46 L 284/ Desription of tehniques to redue fresh wter use/wste wter flow nd the pollution lod in wste wter Proess integrted tehniques Dry derking Desription Dry derking of wood logs in dry tumling drums (wter eing used only in wshing of the logs, nd then reyled with only minimum purge to the wste wter tretment plnt) Totlly hlorine free lehing (TCF) In TCF lehing, the use of hlorine ontining lehing hemils is ompletely voided nd thus so re the emissions of orgni nd orgnohlorinted sustnes from lehing Modern elementl hlorine free (ECF) lehing Modern ECF lehing minimises the onsumption of hlorine dioxide y using one or omintion of the following lehing stges: oxygen, hot id hydrolysis stge, ozone stge t medium nd high onsisteny, stges with tmospheri hydrogen peroxide nd pressurised hydrogen peroxide or the use of hot hlorine dioxide stge Extended delignifition Extended delignifition y () modified ooking or () oxygen delignifition enhnes the degree of delignifition of pulp (lowering the kpp numer) efore lehing nd thus redues the use of lehing hemils nd the COD lod of wste wter. Lowering the kpp numer y one unit efore lehing n redue the COD relesed in the leh plnt y pproximtely 2 kg COD/ADt. The lignin removed n e reovered nd sent to the hemils nd energy reovery system () Extended ooking modified Extended ooking (th or ontinuous systems) omprises longer ooking periods under optimised onditions (e.g. lkli onentrtion in the ooking liquor is djusted to e lower t the eginning nd higher t the end of the ooking proess), to extrt mximum mount of lignin efore lehing, without undue rohydrte degrdtion or exessive loss of pulp strength. Thus, the use of hemils in the susequent lehing stge nd the orgni lod of the wste wter from the leh plnt n e redued () Oxygen delignifition Oxygen delignifition is n option to remove sustntil frtion of the lignin remining fter ooking, in se the ooking plnt hs to e operted with higher kpp numers. The pulp rets under lkline onditions with oxygen to remove some of the residul lignin Closed nd effiient rown stok sreening nd wshing Brown stok sreening is rried out with slotted pressure sreens in multistge losed yle. Impurities nd shives re thus removed t n erly stge in the proess. Brown stok wshing seprtes dissolved orgni nd inorgni hemils from the pulp fires. The rown stok pulp my e wshed first in the digester, then in high-effiieny wshers efore nd fter oxygen delignifition, i.e. efore lehing. Crry-over, hemil onsumption in lehing, nd the emission lod of wste wter re ll redued. Additionlly, it llows for reovery of the ooking hemils from the wshing wter. Effiient wshing is done y ounter-urrent multistge wshing, using filters nd presses. The wter system in the rown stok sreening plnt is ompletely losed

47 L 284/122 Prtil proess wter reyling in the leh plnt Desription Aid nd lkline filtrtes re reyled within the leh plnt ounter-urrently to the pulp flow. Wter is purged either to the wste wter tretment plnt or, in few ses, to post-oxygen wshing. Effiient wshers in the intermedite wshing stges re prerequisite for low emissions. A leh plnt effluent flow of m 3 /ADt is hieved in effiient mills (Krft) Effetive spill monitoring nd ontinment, lso with hemil nd energy reovery An effetive spill ontrol, thment nd reovery system tht prevents identl releses of high orgni nd sometimes toxi lods or pek ph vlues (to the seondry wste wter tretment plnt) omprises: ondutivity or ph monitoring t strtegi lotions to detet losses nd spills; olleting diverted or spilled liquor t the highest possile liquor solids onentrtion; returning olleted liquor nd fire to the proess t pproprite lotions; preventing spills of onentrted or hrmful flows from ritil proess res (inluding tll oil nd turpentine) from entering the iologil effluent tretment; dequtely dimensioned uffer tnks for olleting nd storing toxi or hot onentrted liquors Mintining suffiient lk liquor evportion nd reovery oiler pity to ope with pek lods Suffiient pity in the lk liquor evportion plnt nd in the reovery oiler ensure tht dditionl liquor nd dry solids lods due to the olletion of spills or leh plnt effluents n e delt with. This redues losses of wek lk liquor, other onentrted proess effluents nd potentilly leh plnt filtrtes. The multi-effet evportor onentrtes wek lk liquor from rown stok wshing nd, in some ses, lso iosludge from the effluent tretment plnt nd/or slt ke from the ClO 2 plnt. Additionl evportion pity ove norml opertion gives suffiient ontingeny to reover spills nd to tret potentil leh filtrte reyle strems Stripping the ontminted (foul) ondenstes nd reusing the ondenstes in the proess Stripping of ontminted (foul) ondenstes nd reuse of ondenstes in the proess redues the fresh wter intke of mill nd the orgni lod to the wste wter tretment plnt. In stripping olumn, stem is led ounter-urrently through the previously filtered proess ondenstes tht ontin redued sulphur ompounds, terpenes, methnol nd other orgni ompounds. The voltile sustnes of the ondenste umulte in the overhed vpour s non-ondensle gses nd methnol nd re withdrwn from the system. The purified ondenstes n e reused in the proess, e.g. for wshing in the leh plnt, in rown stok wshing, in the ustiising re (mud wshing nd dilution, mud filter showers), s TRS sruing liquor for lime kilns, or s white liquor mke-up wter. The stripped non-ondensle gses from the most onentrted ondenstes re fed into the olletion system for strong mlodorous gses nd re ininerted. Stripped gses from modertely ontminted ondenstes re olleted into the low volume high onentrtion gs system (LVHC) nd ininerted Evporting nd ininerting effluents from the hot lkline extrtion stge The effluents re first onentrted y evportion nd then omusted s iofuel in reovery oiler. Sodium ronte ontining dust nd melt from the furne ottom re dissolved to reover sod solution

48 L 284/123 Reirultion of wshing liquids from pre-lehing to rown stok wshing nd evportion to redue emissions from MgO-sed prelehing Desription Prerequisites for the use of this tehnique re reltively low kpp numer fter ooking (e.g ), suffiient pity of tnks, evportors nd reovery oiler to ope with dditionl flows, the possiility to len the wshing equipment from deposits, nd moderte rightness level of the pulp ( 87 % ISO) s this tehnique my led to slight loss of rightness in some ses. For mrket pper pulp produers or others tht hve to reh very high rightness levels (> 87 % ISO), it my e diffiult to pply MgO pre-lehing Counter-urrent flow of proess wter In integrted mills, fresh wter is introdued minly through the pper mhine showers from whih it is fed upstrem towrds the pulping deprtment Seprtion of wter systems Wter systems of different proess units (e.g. pulping unit, lehing nd pper mhine) re seprted y wshing nd dewtering the pulp (e.g. y wsh presses). This seprtion prevents rry-over of pollutnts to susequent proess steps nd llows for removing disturing sustnes from smller volumes High onsisteny (peroxide) lehing For high onsisteny lehing, the pulp is dewtered e.g. y twin wire or other press efore lehing hemils re dded. This llows for more effiient use of lehing hemils nd results in lener pulp, less rry-over of detrimentl sustnes to the pper mhine nd genertes less COD. Residul peroxide my e reirulted nd reused Fire nd filler reovery nd tretment of white wter White wter from the pper mhine n e treted y the following tehniques: ) Sve-ll devies (typilly drum or dis filter or dissolved ir flottion units et.) tht seprte solids (fires nd filler) from the proess wter. Dissolved ir flottion in white wter loops trnsforms suspended solids, fines, smllsize olloidl mteril nd nioni sustnes into floks tht re then removed. The reovered fires nd fillers re reirulted to the proess. Cler white wter n e reused in showers with less stringent requirements for wter qulity. ) Additionl ultrfiltrtion of the pre-filtered white wter results in super ler filtrte with qulity suffiient for use s high pressure shower wter, seling wter nd for the dilution of hemil dditives Clrifition of white wter The systems for wter lrifition used lmost exlusively in the pper industry re sed on sedimenttion, filtrtion (dis filter) nd flottion. The most used tehnique is dissolved ir flottion. Anioni trsh nd fines re gglomerted into physilly tretle flos y using dditives. High-moleulr, wter-solule polymers or inorgni eletrolytes re used s floulnts. The generted gglomertes (flos) re then floted off in the lrifition sin. In dissolved ir flottion (DAF), the suspended solid mteril is tthed to ir ules Wter reirultion Clrified wter is reirulted s proess wter within unit or in integrted mills from the pper mhine to the pulp mill nd from the pulping to the derking plnt. Effluent is minly dishrged from the points with the highest pollution lod (e.g. ler filtrte of the dis filter in pulping, derking)

49 L 284/124 Optimum design nd onstrution of tnks nd hests (ppermking) Desription Holding tnks for stok nd white wter storge re designed so tht they n ope with proess flututions nd vrying flows lso during strt-ups nd shutdowns Wshing stge efore refining softwood mehnil pulp Some mills pretret softwood hips y omining pressurised preheting, high ompression nd impregntion to improve pulp properties. A wshing stge efore refining nd lehing signifintly redues COD y removing smll, ut highly onentrted effluent strem tht n e treted seprtely Sustitution of NOH y C (OH) 2 or Mg (OH) 2 s lkli in peroxide lehing The use of C(OH) 2 s lkli results in pproximtely 30 % lower COD emission lods; while keeping rightness levels high. Also Mg(OH) 2 is used to reple NOH Closed-loop lehing In sulphite pulp mills using sodium s ooking se, the leh plnt effluent n e treted, e.g. y ultrfiltrtion, flottion nd seprtion of resin nd ftty ids whih enles losed-loop lehing. The filtrtes from lehing nd wshing re reused in the first wshing stge fter ooking nd finlly reyled k to the hemil reovery units ph djustment of wek liquor efore/inside the evportion plnt Neutrlistion is done efore evportion or fter the first evportion stge, to keep orgni ids dissolved in the onentrte, in order for them to e sent with the spent liquor to the reovery oiler Aneroi tretment of the ondenstes from the evportors See Setion (omined neroi/eroi tretment) Stripping nd reovery of SO 2 from ondenstes of evportors SO 2 is stripped from the ondenstes; onentrtes re treted iologilly, while the stripped SO 2 is sent for reovery s ooking hemil. Monitoring nd ontinuous ontrol of the proess wter qulity Optimistion of the entire fire-wter-hemil dditive-energy system is neessry for dvned losed wter systems. This requires ontinuous monitoring of the wter qulity nd stff motivtion, knowledge nd tion relted to the mesures needed to ensure the required wter qulity Prevention nd elimintion of iofilms y using methods tht minimise emissions of ioides A ontinuous input of miroorgnisms y wter nd fires leds to speifi miroiologil equilirium in eh pper plnt. To prevent extensive growth of the miroorgnisms, deposits of gglomerted iomss or iofilms in wter iruits nd equipment, often io-dispersnts or ioides re used. When using tlyti disinfetion with hydrogen peroxide, iofilms nd free germs in proess wter nd pper slurry re eliminted without using ny ioides Removl of lium from proess wter y ontrolled preipittion of lium ronte Lowering the lium onentrtion y ontrolled removl of lium ronte (e.g. in dissolved ir flottion ell) redues the risk of undesired preipittion of lium ronte or sling in wter systems nd equipment, e.g. in setion rolls, wires, felts nd shower nozzles, pipes or iologil wste wter tretment plnts Optimistion of showers in pper mhine Optimising showers involves: ) the reuse of proess wter (e.g. lrified white wter) to redue fresh wter use, nd ) the pplition of speil design nozzles for the showers

50 L 284/ Wste wter tretment Primry tretment Desription Physio-hemil tretment, suh s equlistion, neutrlistion or sedimenttion. Equlistion (e.g. in equlising sins) is used to prevent lrge vritions in flow rte, temperture nd ontminnt onentrtions nd thus to void overloding the wste wter tretment system Seondry (iologil) tretment For the tretment of wste wter y mens of miroorgnisms, the ville proesses re eroi nd neroi tretment. In seondry lrifition step, solids nd iomss re seprted from effluents y sedimenttion, sometimes omined with floultion ) Aeroi tretment In eroi iologil wste wter tretment, iodegrdle dissolved nd olloidl mteril in the wter is trnsformed in the presene of ir y miroorgnisms prtly into solid ell sustne (iomss) nd prtly into ron dioxide nd wter. Proesses used re: one- or two-stge tivted sludge; iofilm retor proesses; iofilm/tivted sludge (ompt iologil tretment plnt). This tehnique onsists in omining moving ed rriers with tivted sludge (BAS). The generted iomss (exess sludge) is seprted from the effluent efore the wter is dishrged ) Comined neroi/ eroi tretment Aneroi wste wter tretment onverts the orgni ontent of wste wter y mens of miroorgnisms in the sene of ir, into methne, ron dioxide, sulphide, et. The proess is rried out in n irtight tnk retor. The miroorgnisms re retined in the tnk s iomss (sludge). The iogs formed y this iologil proess onsists of methne, ron dioxide nd other gses suh s hydrogen nd hydrogen sulphide nd is suitle for energy genertion. Aneroi tretment is to e seen s pretretment efore eroi tretment, due to the remining COD lods. Aneroi pretretment redues the mount of sludge generted from iologil tretment Tertiry tretment Advned tretment omprises tehniques, suh s filtrtion for further solids removl, nitrifition nd denitrifition for nitrogen removl or floultion/ preipittion followed y filtrtion for phosphorus removl. Tertiry tretment is normlly used in ses where primry nd iologil tretment re not suffiient to hieve low levels of TSS, nitrogen or phosphorus, whih my e required e.g. due to lol onditions Properly designed nd operted iologil tretment plnt A properly designed nd operted iologil tretment plnt inludes the pproprite design nd dimensioning of tretment tnks/sins (e.g. sedimenttion tnks) ording to hydruli nd ontminnt lods. Low TSS emissions re hieved y ensuring the good settling of the tive iomss. Periodil revisions of the design, dimensioning nd opertion of the wste wter tretment plnt filitte hieving these ojetives

51 L 284/ Desription of tehniques for wste genertion prevention nd wste mngement Wste ssessment nd wste mngement system Desription Wste ssessment nd wste mngement systems re used to identify fesile options for optimising prevention, reuse, reovery, reyling nd finl disposl of wste. Wste inventories llow for identifying nd lssifying type, hrteristis, mount nd origin of eh wste frtion Seprte olletion of different wste frtions The seprte olletion of different wste frtions t the points of origin nd, if pproprite, intermedite storge n enhne the options for reuse or reirultion. Seprte olletion lso inludes segregtion nd lssifition of hzrdous wste frtions (e.g. oil nd grese residues, hydruli nd trnsformer oils, wste tteries, srp eletril equipment, solvents, pints, ioides or hemil residues) Merging of suitle residue frtions Merging of suitle frtions of residue depending on the preferred options for reuse/reyling, further tretment nd disposl Pretretment of proess residues efore reuse or reyling Pretretment omprises tehniques suh s: dewtering e.g. of sludge, rk or rejets nd in some ses drying to enhne reusility efore utilistion (e.g. inrese lorifi vlue efore ininertion); or dewtering to redue weight nd volume for trnsport. For dewtering elt presses, srew presses, denter entrifuges or hmer filter presses re used; rushing/shredding of rejets e.g. from RCF proesses nd removl of metlli prts, to enhne omustion hrteristis efore ininertion; iologil stilistion efore dewtering, in se griulturl utilistion is foreseen Mteril reovery nd reyling of proess residues on site Proesses for mteril reovery omprise tehniques suh s: seprtion of fires from wter strems nd reirultion into feedstok; reovery of hemil dditives, oting pigments, et.; reovery of ooking hemils y mens of reovery oilers, ustiising, et. Energy reovery on- or offsite from wstes with high orgni ontent Residues from derking, hipping, sreening et. like rk, fire sludge or other minly orgni residues re urnt due to their lorifi vlue in ininertors or iomss power plnts for energy reovery Externl mteril utilistion Mteril utilistion of suitle wste from pulp nd pper prodution n e done in other industril setors, e.g. y: firing in the kilns or mixing with feedstok in ement, ermis or riks prodution (inludes lso energy reovery); omposting pper sludge or lnd spreding suitle wste frtions in griulture; use of inorgni wste frtions (snd, stones, grits, shes, lime) for onstrution, suh s pving, rods, overing lyers et. The suitility of wste frtions for off-site utilistion is determined y the omposition of the wste (e.g. inorgni/minerl ontent) nd the evidene tht the foreseen reyling opertion does not use hrm to the environment or helth Pretretment of wste frtion efore disposl Pretretment of wste efore disposl omprises mesures (dewtering, drying et.) reduing the weight nd volume for trnsport or disposl