(Text with EEA relevance) (2014/687/EU)

Transcription

1 L 284/76 COMMISSION IMPLEMTING DECISION of 26 Septemer 2014 estlishing the est ville tehniques (BAT) onlusions, under Diretive 2010/75/EU of the Europen Prliment nd of the Counil, for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord (notified under doument C(2014) 6750) (Text with EEA relevne) (2014/687/EU) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Hving regrd to the Trety on the Funtioning of the Europen Union, Hving regrd to Diretive 2010/75/EU of the Europen Prliment nd of the Counil of 24 Novemer 2010 on industril emissions (integrted pollution prevention nd ontrol) ( 1 ), nd in prtiulr Artile 13(5) thereof, Wheres: (1) Artile 13(1) of Diretive 2010/75/EU requires the Commission to orgnise n exhnge of informtion on industril emissions etween it nd Memer Sttes, the industries onerned nd non-governmentl orgnistions promoting environmentl protetion in order to filitte the drwing up of est ville tehniques (BAT) referene douments s defined in Artile 3(11) of tht Diretive. (2) In ordne with Artile 13(2) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, the exhnge of informtion is to ddress the performne of instlltions nd tehniques in terms of emissions, expressed s short- nd long-term verges, where pproprite, nd the ssoited referene onditions, onsumption nd nture of rw mterils, wter onsumption, use of energy nd genertion of wste nd the tehniques used, ssoited monitoring, ross-medi effets, eonomi nd tehnil viility nd developments therein nd est ville tehniques nd emerging tehniques identified fter onsidering the issues mentioned in points () nd () of Artile 13(2) of tht Diretive. (3) BAT onlusions s defined in Artile 3(12) of Diretive 2010/75/EU re the key element of BAT referene douments nd ly down the onlusions on est ville tehniques, their desription, informtion to ssess their ppliility, the emission levels ssoited with the est ville tehniques, ssoited monitoring, ssoited onsumption levels nd, where pproprite, relevnt site remedition mesures. (4) In ordne with Artile 14(3) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, BAT onlusions re to e the referene for setting permit onditions for instlltions overed y Chpter II of tht Diretive. (5) Artile 15(3) of Diretive 2010/75/EU requires the ompetent uthority to set emission limit vlues tht ensure tht, under norml operting onditions, emissions do not exeed the emission levels ssoited with the est ville tehniques s lid down in the deisions on BAT onlusions referred to in Artile 13(5) of Diretive 2010/75/EU. (6) Artile 15(4) of Diretive 2010/75/EU provides for derogtions from the requirement lid down in Artile 15(3) only where the osts ssoited with the hievement of the emission levels ssoited with the BAT disproportiontely outweigh the environmentl enefits due to the geogrphil lotion, the lol environmentl onditions or the tehnil hrteristis of the instlltion onerned. (7) Artile 16(1) of Diretive 2010/75/EU provides tht the monitoring requirements in the permit referred to in point () of Artile 14(1) of the Diretive re to e sed on the onlusions on monitoring s desried in the BAT onlusions. (8) In ordne with Artile 21(3) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, within 4 yers of pulition of deisions on BAT onlusions, the ompetent uthority is to reonsider nd, if neessry, updte ll the permit onditions nd ensure tht the instlltion omplies with those permit onditions. ( 1 ) OJ L 334, , p. 17.

2 L 284/77 (9) Commission Deision of 16 My 2011 ( 1 ) estlishes forum, for the exhnge of informtion pursunt to Artile 13 of Diretive 2010/75/EU on industril emissions, whih is omposed of representtives of Memer Sttes, the industries onerned nd non-governmentl orgnistions promoting environmentl protetion. (10) In ordne with Artile 13(4) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, the Commission otined the opinion of tht forum on the proposed ontent of the BAT referene doument for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord on 20 Septemer 2013 nd mde it pulily ville ( 2 ). (11) The mesures provided for in this Deision re in ordne with the opinion of the Committee estlished y Artile 75(1) of Diretive 2010/75/EU, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: Artile 1 The BAT onlusions for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord re set out in the Annex to this Deision. This Deision is ddressed to the Memer Sttes. Artile 2 Done t Brussels, 26 Septemer For the Commission Jnez POTOČNIK Memer of the Commission ( 1 ) OJ C 146, , p. 3. ( 2 )

3 L 284/78 ANNEX BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PULP, PAPER AND BOARD SCOPE GERAL CONSIDERATIONS EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER REFERCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR DEFINITIONS Generl BAT onlusions for the pulp nd pper industry Environmentl mngement system Mterils mngement nd good housekeeping Wter nd wste wter mngement Energy onsumption nd effiieny Emissions of odour Monitoring of key proess prmeters nd of emissions to wter nd ir Wste mngement Emissions to wter Emissions of noise Deommissioning BAT onlusions for krft pulping proess Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Wste genertion Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for the sulphite pulping proess Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for mehnil pulping nd hemimehnil pulping Wste wter nd emissions to wter Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for proessing pper for reyling Mterils mngement

4 L 284/ Wste wter nd emissions to wter Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for ppermking nd relted proesses Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Wste genertion Energy onsumption nd effiieny Desription of tehniques Desription of tehniques for the prevention nd ontrol of emissions to ir Desription of tehniques to redue fresh wter use/wste wter flow nd the pollution lod in wste wter Desription of tehniques for wste genertion prevention nd wste mngement SCOPE These BAT onlusions onern the tivities speified in Setions 6.1.() nd 6.1.() of Annex I to Diretive 2010/75/EU, i.e. the integrted nd non-integrted prodution in industril instlltions of: () pulp from timer or other firous mterils; () pper or rdord with prodution pity exeeding 20 tonnes per dy. In prtiulr, these BAT onlusions over the following proesses nd tivities: (i) hemil pulping: () krft (sulphte) pulping proess () sulphite pulping proess (ii) mehnil nd hemimehnil pulping (iii) proessing pper for reyling with nd without deinking (iv) ppermking nd relted proesses (v) ll reovery oilers nd lime kilns operted in pulp nd pper mills These BAT onlusions do not ddress the following tivities: (i) prodution of pulp from non-wood firous rw mteril (e.g. yerly plnt pulp); (ii) sttionry internl omustion engines; (iii) omustion plnts for stem nd power genertion other thn reovery oilers; (iv) dryers with internl urners for pper mhines nd oters. Other referene douments whih re relevnt for the tivities overed y these BAT onlusions re the following: Referene douments Industril Cooling Systems (ICS) Eonomis nd Cross-Medi Effets (ECM) Ativity Industril ooling systems, e.g. ooling towers, plte het exhngers Eonomis nd ross-medi effets of tehniques

5 L 284/80 Emissions from Storge (EFS) Referene douments Ativity Emissions from tnks, pipework nd stored hemils Energy Effiieny (E) Generl energy effiieny Lrge Comustion Plnts (LCP) Genertion of stem nd eletriity in pulp nd pper mills y omustion plnts Generl Priniples of Monitoring (MON) Emissions monitoring Wste Ininertion (WI) On-site ininertion nd o-ininertion of wste Wste Tretments Industries (WT) Preprtion of wste s fuels GERAL CONSIDERATIONS The tehniques listed nd desried in these BAT onlusions re neither presriptive nor exhustive. Other tehniques my e used tht ensure t lest n equivlent level of environmentl protetion. Unless otherwise stted, the BAT onlusions re generlly pplile. EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT Where emission levels ssoited with the est ville tehniques (BAT-AELs) re given for the sme verging period in different units (e.g. s onentrtion nd speifi lod vlues (tht is per tonne of net prodution)), those different wys of expressing BAT-AELs re to e seen s equivlent lterntives. For integrted nd multi-produt pulp nd pper mills, the BAT-AELs defined for the individul proesses (pulping, ppermking) nd/or produts need to e omined ording to mixing rule sed on their dditive shres of dishrge. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER Unless stted otherwise, the verging periods ssoited with the BAT-AELs for emissions to wter re defined s follows. Dily verge Averge over smpling period of 24 hours tken s flow-proportionl omposite smple ( 1 ) or, provided tht suffiient flow stility is demonstrted, from time-proportionl smple ( 1 ) Yerly verge Averge of ll dily verges tken within yer, weighted ording to the dily prodution, nd expressed s mss of emitted sustnes per unit of mss of produts/mterils generted or proessed ( 1 ) In speil ses, there my e need to pply different smpling proedure (e.g. gr smpling) REFERCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR The BAT-AELs for emissions to ir refer to stndrd onditions: dry gs, temperture of 273,15 K, nd pressure of 101,3 kp. Where BAT-AELs re given s onentrtion vlues, the referene O 2 level ( % y volume) is indited.

6 L 284/81 Conversion to referene oxygen onentrtion The formul for lulting the emissions onentrtion t referene oxygen level is shown elow. E R ¼ 21 O R 21 O M E M where: E R (mg/nm 3 ): O R (vol %): E M (mg/nm 3 ): O M (vol %): emissions onentrtion referred to the referene oxygen level O R referene oxygen level mesured emissions onentrtion referred to the mesured oxygen level O M mesured oxygen level. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR Unless stted otherwise, the verging periods ssoited with the BAT-AELs for emissions to ir re defined s follows. Dily verge Averge over the smpling period Yerly verge Averge over period of 24 hours sed on vlid hourly verges from ontinuous mesurement Averge vlue of three onseutive mesurements of t lest 30 minutes eh In the se of ontinuous mesurement: verge of ll vlid hourly verges. In the se of periodi mesurements: verge of ll verges over the smpling period otined during one yer. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of these BAT onlusions, the following definitions pply: Term used Definition New plnt Existing plnt Mjor refurishment New dust tement system Existing dust tement system Non-ondensle odorous gses (NCG) Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (CNCG) A plnt first permitted on the site of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions or omplete replement of plnt on the existing foundtions of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions. A plnt whih is not new plnt. A mjor hnge in design or tehnology of plnt/tement system nd with mjor djustments or replements of the proess units nd ssoited equipment. A dust tement system first operted on the site of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions. A dust tement system whih is not new dust tement system. Non-ondensle odorous gses, referring to mlodorous gses of krft pulping. Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (or strong odorous gses ): TRS-ontining gses from ooking, evportion nd from stripping of ondenstes.

7 L 284/82 Term used Definition Strong odorous gses Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (CNCG). Wek odorous gses Diluted non-ondensle odorous gses: TRS-ontining gses whih re not strong odorous gses (e.g. gses oming from tnks, wshing filters, hip ins, lime mud filters, drying mhines). Residul wek gses Wek gses tht re emitted in wys other thn through reovery oiler, lime kiln or TRS-urner. Continuous mesurement Mesurements using n utomted mesuring system (AMS) permnently instlled on site. Periodi mesurement Determintion of mesurnd (prtiulr quntity sujet to mesurement) t speified time intervls using mnul or utomted methods. Diffuse emissions Emissions rising from diret (non-hnnelled) ontt of voltile sustnes or dust with the environment under norml operting onditions. Integrted prodution Both pulp nd pper/ord re produed t the sme site. The pulp is normlly not dried efore pper/ord mnufture. Non-integrted prodution Either () prodution of mrket pulp (for sle) in mills tht do not operte pper mhines, or () prodution of pper/ord using only pulp produed in other plnts (mrket pulp). Net prodution (i) For pper mills: the unpked, slele prodution fter the lst slitter winder, i.e. efore onverting. (ii) For off-line oters: prodution fter oting. (iii) For tissue mills: slele prodution fter the tissue mhine efore ny rewinding proesses nd exluding ny ore. (iv) For mrket pulp mills: prodution fter pking (ADt). (v) For integrted mills: Net pulp, prodution refers to the prodution fter pking (ADt) plus the pulp trnsferred to the pper mill (pulp lulted t 90 % dryness, i.e. ir dry). Net pper prodution: sme s (i) Speility pper mill A mill produing numerous pper nd ord grdes for speil purposes (industril nd/or non-industril) tht re hrterised y prtiulr properties, reltively smll end use mrket or nihe pplitions tht re often espeilly designed for prtiulr ustomer or end-user group. Exmples of speility ppers inlude igrette ppers, filter ppers, metllised pper, therml pper, self-opy pper, stiking lels, st oted pper, s well s gypsum liners nd speil ppers for wxing, insulting, roofing, sphlting, nd other speifi pplitions or tretments. All of these grdes fll outside of the stndrd pper tegories. Hrdwood Group of wood speies inluding e.g. spen, eeh, irh nd eulyptus. The term hrdwood is used s opposite to softwood. Softwood Wood from onifers inluding e.g. pine nd sprue. The term softwood is used s opposite to hrdwood. Custiising Proess in the lime yle in whih hydroxide (white liquor) is regenerted y the retion C(OH) 2 + CO 3 2 CCO 3 (s) + 2 OH

8 L 284/83 ACRONYMS Term used Definition ADt Air Dry tonnes (of pulp) expressed s 90 % dryness. AOX Adsorle orgni hlides mesured ording to the ISO: 9562 stndrd method for wste wters. BOD Biohemil oxygen demnd. The quntity of dissolved oxygen required y miroorgnisms to deompose orgni mtter in wste wter. CMP Chemimehnil pulp. CTMP Chemithermomehnil pulp. COD Chemil oxygen demnd; the mount of hemilly oxidisle orgni mtter in wste wter (normlly referring to nlysis with dihromte oxidtion). DS Dry solids, expressed s weight %. DTPA Diethlyene trimine penteti id (omplexing/helting gent used in peroxide lehing). ECF Elementl Chlorine Free. EDTA Ethylene dimine tetreti id (omplexing/helting gent). H 2 S Hydrogen sulphide. LWC Light weight oted pper. NO X The sum of nitrogen oxide (NO) nd nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), expressed s NO 2. NSSC Neutrl sulphite semi hemil. RCF Reyled fires. SO 2 Sulphur dioxide. TCF Totlly Chlorine Free. Totl nitrogen (Tot-N) Totl nitrogen (Tot-N) given s N, inludes orgni nitrogen, free mmoni nd mmonium (NH 4+ -N), nitrites (NO 2- -N) nd nitrtes (NO 3- -N). Totl phosphorus (Tot-P) Totl phosphorus (Tot-P) given s P, inludes dissolved phosphorus plus ny insolule phosphorus rried over into the effluent in the form of preipittes or within miroes. TMP Thermomehnil pulp. TOC Totl orgni ron.

9 L 284/84 Term used Definition TRS Totl redued sulphur. The sum of the following redued mlodorous sulphur ompounds generted in the pulping proess: hydrogen sulphide, methyl merptn, dimethylsulphide nd dimethyldisulphide, expressed s sulphur. TSS Totl suspended solids (in wste wter). Suspended solids onsist of smll fire frgments, fillers, fines, non-settled iomss (gglomertion of miroorgnisms) nd other smll prtiles. VOC Voltile orgni ompounds s defined in Artile 3(45) of Diretive 2010/75/EU GERAL BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY The proess speifi BAT onlusions inluded in Setions 1.2 to 1.6 pply, in ddition to the generl BAT onlusions mentioned in this setion Environmentl mngement system BAT 1. In order to improve the overll environmentl performne of plnts for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord, BAT is to implement nd dhere to n environmentl mngement system (EMS) tht inorportes ll of the following fetures: () ommitment of the mngement, inluding senior mngement; () definition of n environmentl poliy tht inludes the ontinuous improvement of the instlltion y the mngement; () plnning nd estlishing the neessry proedures, ojetives nd trgets, in onjuntion with finnil plnning nd investment; (d) implementtion of proedures pying prtiulr ttention to: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) struture nd responsiility trining, wreness nd ompetene ommunition employee involvement doumenttion effiient proess ontrol (vii) mintenne progrmmes (viii) emergeny prepredness nd response (ix) sfegurding ompline with environmentl legisltion; (e) heking performne nd tking orretive tion, pying prtiulr ttention to: (i) monitoring nd mesurement (see lso the Referene Doument on the Generl Priniples of Monitoring) (ii) orretive nd preventive tion (iii) mintenne of reords (iv) independent (where prtile) internl nd externl uditing in order to determine whether or not the EMS onforms to plnned rrngements nd hs een properly implemented nd mintined;

10 L 284/85 (f) review of the EMS nd its ontinuing suitility, dequy nd effetiveness y senior mngement; (g) following the development of lener tehnologies; (h) onsidertion for the environmentl impts from the eventul deommissioning of the instlltion t the stge of designing new plnt, nd throughout its operting life; (i) pplition of setorl enhmrking on regulr sis. Appliility The sope (e.g. level of detils) nd nture of the EMS (e.g. stndrdised or non-stndrdised) will generlly e relted to the nture, sle nd omplexity of the instlltion, nd the rnge of environmentl impts it my hve Mterils mngement nd good housekeeping BAT 2. BAT is to pply the priniples of good housekeeping for minimising the environmentl impt of the prodution proess y using omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f g Creful seletion nd ontrol of hemils nd dditives Input-output nlysis with hemil inventory, inluding quntities nd toxiologil properties Minimise the use of hemils to the minimum level required y the qulity speifitions of the finl produt Avoid the use of hrmful sustnes (e.g. nonylphenol ethoxylte-ontining dispersion or lening gents or surftnts) nd sustitution y less hrmful lterntives Minimise the input of sustnes into the soil y lekge, eril deposition nd the inpproprite storge of rw mterils, produts or residues Estlish spill mngement progrmme nd extend the ontinment of relevnt soures, thus preventing the ontmintion of soil nd groundwter Proper design of the piping nd storge systems to keep the surfes len nd to redue the need for wshing nd lening BAT 3. In order to redue the relese of not redily iodegrdle orgni helting gents suh s EDTA or DTPA from peroxide lehing, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Determintion of quntity of helting gents relesed to the environment through periodi mesurements Appliility Not pplile for mills tht do not use helting gents Proess optimistion to redue onsumption nd emission of not redily iodegrdle helting gents Preferentil use of iodegrdle or eliminle helting gents, grdully phsing out nondegrdle produts Not pplile for plnts tht eliminte 70 % or more of EDTA/DTPA in their wste wter tretment plnt or proess Appliility depends on the vilility of pproprite sustitutes (iodegrdle gents meeting e.g. rightness requirements of pulp)

11 L 284/ Wter nd wste wter mngement BAT 4. In order to redue the genertion nd the pollution lod of wste wter from wood storge nd preprtion, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Dry derking (desription see Setion ) Appliility Restrited ppliility when high purity nd rightness is required with TCF lehing Hndling of wood logs in suh wy s to void the ontmintion of rk nd wood with snd nd stones Generlly pplile Pving of the wood yrd re nd prtiulrly the surfes used for the storge of hips Appliility my e restrited due to the size of the wood yrd nd storge re d Controlling the flow of sprinkling wter nd minimising surfe run-off wter from the wood yrd Generlly pplile e Colleting of ontminted run-off wter from the wood yrd nd seprting out suspended solids effluent efore iologil tretment Appliility my e restrited y the degree of ontmintion of run-off wter (low onentrtion) nd/or the size of the wste wter tretment plnt (lrge volumes) The BAT-ssoited effluent flow from dry derking is 0,5 2,5 m 3 /ADt. BAT 5. In order to redue fresh wter use nd genertion of wste wter, BAT is to lose the wter system to the degree tehnilly fesile in line with the pulp nd pper grde mnuftured y using omintion of the tehniques given elow. Appliility Monitoring nd optimising wter usge Evlution of wter reirultion options d e f Blning the degree of losure of wter iruits nd potentil drwks; dding dditionl equipment if neessry Seprtion of less ontminted seling wter from pumps for vuum genertion nd reuse Seprtion of len ooling wter from ontminted proess wter nd reuse Reusing proess wter to sustitute for fresh wter (wter reirultion nd losing of wter loops) Generlly pplile Applile to new plnts nd mjor refurishments. Appliility my e limited due to wter qulity nd/or produt qulity requirements or due to tehnil onstrints (suh s preipittion/inrusttion in wter system) or inrese odour nuisne g In-line tretment of (prts of) proess wter to improve wter qulity to llow for reirultion or reuse Generlly pplile

12 L 284/87 The BAT-ssoited wste wter flow t the point of dishrge fter wste wter tretment s yerly verges re: Setor BAT-ssoited wste wter flow Blehed krft m 3 /ADt Unlehed krft m 3 /ADt Blehed sulphite pper grde pulp m 3 /ADt Mgnefite pulp m 3 /ADt Dissolving pulp m 3 /ADt NSSC pulp m 3 /ADt Mehnil pulp 9 16 m 3 /t CTMP nd CMP 9 16 m 3 /ADt RCF pper mills without deinking 1,5 10 m 3 /t (the higher end of the rnge is minly ssoited with folding oxord prodution) RCF pper mills with deinking 8 15 m 3 /t RCF-sed tissue pper mills with deinking m 3 /t Non-integrted pper mills 3,5 20 m 3 /t Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 6. In order to redue fuel nd energy onsumption in pulp nd pper mills, BAT is to use tehnique () nd omintion of the other tehniques given elow. Use n energy mngement system tht inludes ll of the following fetures: (i) Assessment of the mill's overll energy onsumption nd prodution (ii) Loting, quntifying nd optimising the potentils for energy reovery (iii) Monitoring nd sfegurding the optimised sitution for energy onsumption Generlly pplile Appliility Reover energy y ininerting those wstes nd residues from the prodution of pulp nd pper tht hve high orgni ontent nd lorifi vlue, tking into ount BAT 12 Only pplile if the reyling or reuse of wstes nd residues from the prodution of pulp nd pper with high orgni ontent nd high lorifi vlue is not possile

13 L 284/88 d Cover the stem nd power demnd of the prodution proesses s fr s possile y the ogenertion of het nd power (CHP) Use exess het for the drying of iomss nd sludge, to het oiler feedwter nd proess wter, to het uildings, et. Appliility Applile for ll new plnts nd for mjor refurishments of the energy plnt. Appliility in existing plnts my e limited due to the mill lyout nd ville spe Appliility of this tehnique my e limited in ses where the het soures nd lotions re fr prt e Use thermo ompressors Applile to oth new nd existing plnts for ll grdes of pper nd for oting mhines, s long s medium pressure stem is ville f g h i j Insulte stem nd ondenste pipe fittings Use energy effiient vuum systems for dewtering Use high effiieny eletril motors, pumps nd gittors Use frequeny inverters for fns, ompressors nd pumps Mth stem pressure levels with tul pressure needs Generlly pplile Desription (): Simultneous genertion of het nd eletril nd/or mehnil energy in single proess, referred to s omined het nd power plnt (CHP). CHP plnts in the pulp nd pper industry normlly pply stem turines nd/or gs turines. The eonomi viility (hievle svings nd pyk time) will depend minly on the ost of eletriity nd fuels Emissions of odour With regrd to the emissions of mlodorous sulphur-ontining gses from krft nd sulphite pulp mills, see the proess-speifi BAT given in Setions nd BAT 7. In order to prevent nd redue the emission of odorous ompounds originting from the wste wter system, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. I. Applile for odours relted to wter systems losure Design pper mill proesses, stok nd wter storge tnks, pipes nd hests in suh wy s to void prolonged retention times, ded zones or res with poor mixing in wter iruits nd relted units, in order to void unontrolled deposits nd the dey nd deomposition of orgni nd iologil mtter. Use ioides, dispersnts or of oxidising gents (e.g. tlyti disinfetion with hydrogen peroxide) to ontrol odour nd deying teri growth.

14 L 284/89 Instll internl tretment proesses ( kidneys ) to redue the onentrtions of orgni mtter nd onsequently possile odour prolems in the white wter system. II. Applile for odours relted to wste wter tretment nd sludge hndling, in order to void onditions where wste wter or sludge eomes neroi d e f g h Implement losed sewer systems with ontrolled vents, using hemils in some ses to redue the formtion of nd to oxidise hydrogen sulphide in sewer systems. Avoid over-ertion in equlistion sins ut mintin suffiient mixing. Ensure suffiient ertion pity nd mixing properties in ertion tnks; revise the ertion system regulrly. Gurntee proper opertion of seondry lrifier sludge olletion nd return sludge pumping Limit the retention time of sludge in sludge storges y sending the sludge ontinuously to the dewtering units. Avoid the storge of wste wter in the spill sin longer thn is neessry; keep the spill sin empty. If sludge dryers re used, tretment of therml sludge dryer vent gses y sruing nd/or io filtrtion (suh s ompost filters). Avoid ir ooling towers for untreted wter effluent y pplying plte het exhngers Monitoring of key proess prmeters nd of emissions to wter nd ir BAT 8. BAT is to monitor the key proess prmeters ording to the tle given elow. I. Monitoring key proess prmeters relevnt for emissions to ir Prmeter Pressure, temperture, oxygen, CO nd wter vpour ontent in flue-gs for omustion proesses Monitoring frequeny Continuous II. Monitoring key proess prmeters relevnt for emissions to wter Wter flow, temperture nd ph Prmeter P nd N ontent in iomss, sludge volume index, exess mmoni nd ortho-phosphte in the effluent, nd mirosopy heks of the iomss Volume flow nd CH 4 ontent of iogs produed in neroi wste wter tretment Monitoring frequeny Continuous Periodi Continuous H 2 S nd CO 2 tretment ontents of iogs produed in neroi wste wter Periodi

15 L 284/90 BAT 9. BAT is to rry out the monitoring nd mesurement of emissions to ir, s indited elow, on regulr sis with the frequeny indited nd ording to stndrds. If stndrds re not ville, BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds whih ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Emission soure Monitoring ssoited with Continuous Reovery oiler BAT 21 BAT 22 BAT 36 BAT 37 NO x nd SO 2 Periodi or ontinuous Lime kiln BAT 24 BAT 26 Periodi or ontinuous Dedited TRS urner BAT 28 BAT 29 Dust Periodi or ontinuous Reovery oiler (krft) nd lime kiln BAT 23 BAT 27 Periodi Reovery oiler (sulphite) BAT 37 Continuous Reovery oiler BAT 21 TRS (inluding H 2 S) Periodi or ontinuous Lime kiln nd dedited TRS urner BAT 24 BAT 25 BAT 28 Periodi Diffuse emissions from different soures (e.g. the fire line, tnks, hip ins, et.) nd residul wek gses BAT 11 BAT 20 d NH 3 Periodi Reovery oiler equipped with SNCR BAT 36 BAT 10. BAT is to rry out the monitoring of emissions to wter, s indited elow, with the indited frequeny nd ording to stndrds. If stndrds re not ville, BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds tht ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Monitoring ssoited with Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) or Totl orgni ron (TOC) ( 1 ) Dily ( 2 ) ( 3 ) BOD 5 or BOD 7 Weekly (one week) Totl suspended solids (TSS) Dily ( 2 ) ( 3 ) d Totl nitrogen Weekly (one week) ( 2 ) BAT 19 BAT 33 BAT 40 BAT 45 BAT 50 e Totl phosphorus Weekly (one week) ( 2 ) f EDTA, DTPA ( 4 ) Monthly (one month)

16 L 284/91 Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Monitoring ssoited with Monthly (one month) BAT 19: lehed krft g AOX (ording to ISO 9562:2004) ( 5 ) One every two months BAT 33: exept TCF nd NSSC mills BAT 40: exept CTMP nd CMP mills BAT 45 BAT 50 h Relevnt metls (e.g. Zn, Cu, Cd, P, Ni) One yer ( 1 ) There is trend to reple COD y TOC for eonomi nd environmentl resons. If TOC is lredy mesured s key proess prmeter, there is no need to mesure COD; however, orreltion etween the two prmeters should e estlished for the speifi emission soure nd wste wter tretment step. ( 2 ) Rpid test methods n lso e used. The results of rpid tests should e heked regulrly (e.g. monthly) ginst stndrds or, if stndrds re not ville, ginst ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds whih ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. ( 3 ) For mills operting less thn seven dys week, the monitoring frequeny for COD nd TSS my e redued to over the dys the mill is in opertion or to extend the smpling period to 48 or 72 hours. ( 4 ) Applile where EDTA or DTPA (helting gents) re used in the proess. ( 5 ) Not pplile to plnts tht provide evidene tht no AOX is generted or dded vi hemil dditives nd rw mterils. BAT 11. BAT is to regulrly monitor nd ssess diffuse totl redued sulphur emissions from relevnt soures. Desription The ssessment of diffuse totl redued sulphur emissions n e done y periodi mesurement nd ssessment of diffuse emissions tht re emitted from different soures (e.g. the fire line, tnks, hip ins et.) y diret mesurements Wste mngement BAT 12. In order to redue the quntities of wstes sent for disposl, BAT is to implement wste ssessment (inluding wste inventories) nd mngement system, so s to filitte wste reuse, or filing tht, wste reyling, or filing tht, other reovery, inluding omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Seprte olletion of different wste frtions (inluding seprtion nd lssifition of hzrdous wste) Generlly pplile Merging of suitle frtions of residues to otin mixtures tht n e etter utilised Generlly pplile Pretretment of proess residues efore reuse or reyling See Setion Generlly pplile d Mteril reovery nd reyling of proess residues on site Generlly pplile e Energy reovery on- or off-site from wstes with high orgni ontent For off-site utilistion, the ppliility depends on the vilility of third prty

17 L 284/92 Desription Appliility f Externl mteril utilistion Depending on the vilility of third prty g Pretretment of wste efore disposl Generlly pplile Emissions to wter Further informtion on wste wter tretment in pulp nd pper mills nd proess-speifi BAT-AELs re given in Setions 1.2 to 1.6. BAT 13. In order to redue nutrient (nitrogen nd phosphorus) emissions into reeiving wters, BAT is to sustitute hemil dditives with high nitrogen nd phosphorus ontents y dditives ontining low nitrogen nd phosphorus ontents. Appliility Applile if the nitrogen in the hemil dditives is not ioville (i.e. it nnot serve s nutrient in iologil tretment) or if the nutrient lne is in surplus. BAT 14. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters, BAT is to use ll of the tehniques given elow. Primry (physio-hemil) tretment Seondry (iologil) tretment ( 1 ) See Setion Desription ( 1 ) Not pplile to plnts where the iologil lod of wste wter fter the primry tretment is very low, e.g. some pper mills produing speility pper. BAT 15. When further removl of orgni sustnes, nitrogen or phosphorus is needed, BAT is to use tertiry tretment s desried in Setion BAT 16. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from iologil wste wter tretment plnts, BAT is to use ll of the tehniques given elow. Proper design nd opertion of the iologil tretment plnt Regulrly ontrolling the tive iomss Adjustment of nutrition supply (nitrogen nd phosphorus) to the tul need of the tive iomss

18 L 284/ Emissions of noise BAT 17. In order to redue the emissions of noise from pulp nd pper mnufturing, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Noise-redution progrmme A noise-redution progrmme inludes identifition of soures nd ffeted res, lultions nd mesurements of noise levels in order to rnk soures ording to noise levels, nd identifition of the most ost effetive omintion of tehniques, their implementtion nd monitoring. Generlly pplile. Strtegi plnning of the lotion of equipment, units nd uildings Noise levels n e redued y inresing the distne etween the emitter nd the reeiver nd y using uildings s noise sreens. Generlly pplile to new plnts. In the se of existing plnts, the relotion of equipment nd prodution units my e restrited y the lk of spe or y exessive osts. Opertionl nd mngement tehniques in uildings ontining noisy equipment This inludes: improved inspetion nd mintenne of equipment to prevent filures losing of doors nd windows of overed res equipment opertion y experiened stff voidne of noisy tivities during night-time provisions for noise ontrol during mintenne tivities d Enlosing noisy equipment nd units Enlosure of noisy equipment, suh s wood hndling, hydruli units, nd ompressors in seprte strutures, suh s uildings or soundproofed inets, where internl-externl lining is mde of impt-sorent mteril. Generlly pplile. e Use of low-noise equipment nd noise-reduers on equipment nd duts. f Virtion insultion Virtion insultion of mhinery nd deoupled rrngement of noise soures nd potentilly resonnt omponents. g Soundproofing of uildings This potentilly inludes use of: sound-soring mterils in wlls nd eilings sound-isolting doors doule-glzed windows

19 L 284/94 Desription Appliility h Noise tement Noise propgtion n e redued y inserting rriers etween emitters nd reeivers. Approprite rriers inlude protetion wlls, emnkments nd uildings. Suitle noise tement tehniques inlude fitting sileners nd ttenutors to noisy equipment suh s stem releses nd dryer vents. Generlly pplile to new plnts. In the se of existing plnts, the insertion of ostles my e restrited y the lk of spe. i j Use of lrger wood-hndling mhines to redue lifting nd trnsport times nd noise from logs flling onto log piles or the feed tle. Improved wys of working, e.g. relesing logs from lower height onto the log piles or the feed tle; immedite feedk of the level of noise for the workers. Generlly pplile Deommissioning BAT 18. In order to prevent pollution risks when deommissioning plnt, BAT is to use the generl tehniques given elow. Ensure tht underground tnks nd piping re either voided in the design phse or tht their lotion is well known nd doumented. Estlish instrutions for emptying proess equipment, vessels nd piping. Ensure len losure when the fility is shut down, e.g. to len up nd rehilitte the site. Nturl soil funtions should e sfegurded, if fesile. d Use monitoring progrmme, espeilly reltive to groundwter, in order to detet possile future impts on site or in neighouring res. e Develop nd mintin site losure or esstion sheme, sed on risk nlysis, tht inludes trnsprent orgnistion of the shutdown work, tking into ount relevnt lol speifi onditions BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR KRAFT PULPING PROCESS For integrted krft pulp nd pper mills, the proess-speifi BAT onlusions for ppermking given in Setion 1.6 pply, in ddition to the BAT onlusions in this setion Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 19. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from the whole mill, BAT is to use TCF or modern ECF lehing (see desription in Setion ), nd suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 nd BAT 16 nd of the tehniques given elow.

20 L 284/95 Desription Appliility Modified ooking efore lehing Oxygen delignifition efore lehing Generlly pplile Closed rown stok sreening nd effiient rown stok wshing d Prtil proess wter reyling in the leh plnt Wter reyling my e limited due to inrusttion in lehing e Effetive spill monitoring nd ontinment with suitle reovery system See Setion Generlly pplile f g Mintining suffiient lk liquor evportion nd reovery oiler pity to ope with pek lods Stripping the ontminted (foul) ondenstes nd reusing the ondenstes in the proess Generlly pplile BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 1 nd Tle 2. These BAT-ssoited emission levels re not pplile to dissolving krft pulp mills. The referene wste wter flow for krft mills is set out in BAT 5. Tle 1 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from lehed krft pulp mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 7 20 Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,3 1,5 Totl nitrogen 0,05 0,25 ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus 0,01 0,03 ( 2 ) Eulyptus: 0,02 0,11 kg/adt ( 3 ) Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) 0 0,2 ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) A ompt iologil wste wter tretment plnt n result in slightly higher emission levels. ( 3 ) The upper end of the rnge refers to mills using eulyptus from regions with higher levels of phosphorus (e.g. Ierin eulyptus). ( 4 ) Applile for mills using hlorine ontining lehing hemils. ( 5 ) For mills produing pulp with high strength, stiffness nd high purity properties (e.g. for liquid pkging ord nd LWC), emissions level of AOX up to 0,25 kg/adt my our.

21 L 284/96 Tle 2 BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from n unlehed krft pulp mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 2,5 8 Totl suspended solids (TSS) 0,3 1,0 Totl nitrogen 0,1 0,2 ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus 0,01 0,02 ( 2 ) ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) A ompt iologil wste wter tretment plnt n result in slightly higher emission levels. The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24-hour omposite smple) Emissions to ir Redution of emissions in strong nd wek odorous gses BAT 20. In order to redue odour emissions nd totl redued sulphur emissions due to strong nd wek odorous gses, BAT is to prevent diffuse emissions y pturing ll proess-sed sulphur ontining off-gses, inluding ll vents with sulphur-ontining emissions, y pplying ll of the tehniques given elow. Desription Colletion systems for strong nd wek odorous gses, omprising the following fetures: overs, sution hoods, duts, nd extrtion system with suffiient pity; ontinuous lek detetion system; sfety mesures nd equipment. Ininertion of strong nd wek non-ondensle gses Ininertion n e rried out using: reovery oiler lime kiln ( 1 ) dedited TRS urner equipped with wet sruers for SO x removl; or power oiler ( 2 ) To ensure the onstnt vilility of ininertion for odorous strong gses, k-up systems re instlled. Lime kilns n serve s k-up for reovery oilers; further k-up equipment re flres nd pkge oiler Reording unvilility of the ininertion system nd ny resulting emissions ( 3 ) ( 1 ) The SO x emission levels of the lime kiln inrese signifintly when strong non-ondensle gses (NCG) re fed to the kiln nd no lkline sruer is used. ( 2 ) Applile for the tretment of wek odorous gses. ( 3 ) Applile for the tretment of strong odorous gses.

22 L 284/97 Appliility Generlly pplile for new plnts nd for mjor refurishments of existing plnts. The instlltion of neessry equipment my e diffiult for existing plnts due to lyout nd spe restritions. The ppliility of ininertion might e limited for sfety resons, nd in this se wet sruers ould e used. BAT-ssoited emission level of totl redued sulphur (TRS) in residul wek gses emitted is 0,05 0,2 kg S/ADt Redution of emissions from reovery oiler SO 2 nd TRS emissions BAT 21. In order to redue SO 2 nd TRS emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Inresing the dry solids (DS) ontent of lk liquor Desription The lk liquor n e onentrted y n evportion proess efore urning Optimised firing Firing onditions n e improved e.g. y good mixing of ir nd fuel, ontrol of furne lod et. Wet sruer See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 3. Tle 3 BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd TRS emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Dily verge ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Yerly verge ( 1 ) Yerly verge ( 1 ) mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 kg S/ADt SO 2 DS < 75 % DS % ( 3 ) Totl redued sulphur (TRS) 1 10 ( 4 ) 1 5 Gseous S (TRS- S + SO 2 -S) DS < 75 % 0,03 0,17 DS % ( 3 ) 0,03 0,13 ( 1 ) Inresing the DS ontent of the lk liquor results in lower SO 2 emissions nd higher NO x emissions. Due to this, reovery oiler with low emission levels for SO 2, my e on the higher end of the rnge for NO x nd vie vers. ( 2 ) BAT-AELs do not over periods during whih the reovery oiler is run on DS ontent muh lower thn the norml DS ontent due to shut down or mintenne of the lk liquor onentrtion plnt. ( 3 ) If reovery oiler were to urn lk liquor with DS > 83 %, then SO 2 nd gseous S emission levels should e reonsidered on se-y-se sis. ( 4 ) The rnge is pplile without the ininertion of odorous strong gses. DS = dry solid ontent of the lk liquor.

23 L 284/98 NO x emissions BAT 22. In order to redue NO x emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use n optimised firing system inluding ll of the fetures given elow. Computerised omustion ontrol Good mixing of fuel nd ir Stged ir feed systems, e.g. y using different ir registers nd ir inlet ports Appliility ()is pplile to new reovery oilers nd in the se of mjor refurishment of reovery oilers, s this tehnique requires onsiderle hnges to the ir feed systems nd the furne. BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 4. Tle 4 BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO x emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Yerly verge ( 1 ) Yerly verge ( 1 ) mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 kg NO x /ADt NO x Softwood ( 2 ) Hrdwood ( 2 ) DS < 75 %: 0,8 1,4 DS % ( 3 ): 1,0 1,6 DS < 75 %: 0,8 1,4 DS % ( 3 ): 1,0 1,7 ( 1 ) Inresing the DS ontent of the lk liquor results in lower SO 2 emissions nd higher NO x emissions. Due to this, reovery oiler with low emission levels for SO 2, my e on the higher end of the rnge for NO x nd vie vers. ( 2 ) The tul NO x emission level of reovery oiler depends on the DS ontent nd the nitrogen ontent of the lk liquor, nd the mount nd omintion of NCG nd other nitrogen ontining flows (e.g. dissolving tnk vent gs, methnol seprted from the ondenste, iosludge) urnt. The higher the DS ontent, the nitrogen ontent in the lk liquor, nd the mount of NCG nd other nitrogen ontining flows urnt, the loser the emissions will e to the upper end of the BAT-AEL rnge. ( 3 ) If reovery oiler were to urn lk liquor with DS > 83 %, then NO x emission levels should e reonsidered on se-y-se sis. DS = dry solid ontent of lk liquor. Dust emissions BAT 23. In order to redue dust emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use n eletrostti preipittor (ESP) or omintion of ESP nd wet sruer.

24 L 284/99 Desription SeeSetion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 5. Tle 5 BAT-ssoited emission levels for dust emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Dust tement system Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg dust/adt Dust New or mjor refurishment ,02 0,20 Existing ( 1 ) 0,02 0,3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For n existing reovery oiler equipped with n ESP pprohing the end of its opertionl life, emission levels my inrese over time up to 50 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,4 kg/adt) Redution of emissions from lime kiln SO 2 emissions BAT 24. In order to redue SO 2 emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Fuel seletion/low sulphur fuel Limit ininertion of sulphur-ontining odorous strong gses in the lime kiln Control of N 2 S ontent in lime mud feed See Setion d Alkline sruer BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 6. Tle 6 BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd sulphur emissions from lime kiln Prmeter ( 1 ) Yerly verge mg SO 2 /Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg S/ADt SO 2 when strong gses re not urnt in the lime kiln 5 70

25 L 284/100 Prmeter ( 1 ) Yerly verge mg SO 2 /Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg S/ADt SO 2 when strong gses re urnt in the lime kiln Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) when strong gses re not urnt in the lime kiln Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) when strong gses re urnt in the lime kiln 0,005 0,07 0,055 0,12 ( 1 ) strong gses inludes methnol nd turpentine TRS emissions BAT 25. In order to redue TRS emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Control of the exess oxygen Control of N 2 S ontent in lime mud feed See Setion Desription Comintion of ESP nd lkline sruer See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 7. Tle 7 BAT-ssoited emission levels for TRS emissions from lime kiln Prmeter Yerly verge mg S/Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Totl redued sulphur (TRS) < 1 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For lime kilns urning strong gses (inluding methnol nd turpentine), the upper end of the AEL rnge my e up to 40 mg/nm 3. NO x emissions BAT 26. In order to redue NO x emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription d Optimised omustion nd omustion ontrol Good mixing of fuel nd ir Low-NO x urner Fuel seletion/low-n fuel See Setion

26 L 284/101 BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 8. Tle 8 BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO x emissions from lime kiln Prmeter Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg NO x /ADt Liquid fuels ( 1 ) 0,1 0,2 ( 1 ) Gseous fuels ( 2 ) 0,1 0,3 ( 2 ) ( 1 ) When using liquid fuels originting from vegetle mtter (e.g. turpentine, methnol, tll-oil), inluding those otined s y-produts of the pulping proess, emission levels up to 350 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,35 kg NO x /ADt) my our. ( 2 ) When using gseous fuels originting from vegetle mtter (e.g. non-ondensle gses), inluding those otined s y-produts of the pulping proess, emission levels up to 450 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,45 kg NO x /ADt) my our. Dust emissions BAT 27. In order to redue dust emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to use n eletrostti preipittor (ESP) or omintion of ESP nd wet sruer. Desription See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 9. Tle 9 BAT-ssoited emission levels for dust emissions from lime kiln Prmeter Dust tement system Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg dust/adt Dust New or mjor refurishments ,005 0,02 Existing ( 1 ) 0,005 0,03 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For n existing lime kiln equipped with n ESP pprohing the end of its opertionl life, emission levels my inrese over time up to 50 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,05 kg/adt) Redution of emissions from urner for strong odorous gses (dedited TRS urner) BAT 28. In order to redue SO 2 emissions from the ininertion of strong odorous gses in dedited TRS urner, BAT is to use n lkline SO 2 sruer.

27 L 284/102 BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 10. Tle 10 BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd TRS emissions from the ininertion of strong gses in dedited TRS urner Prmeter Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 9 % O 2 Yerly verge kg S/ADt SO TRS 1 5 Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) 0,002 0,05 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) This BAT-AEL is sed on gs flow in the rnge of Nm 3 /ADt. BAT 29. In order to redue NO x emissions from the ininertion of strong odorous gses in dedited TRS urner, BAT is to use one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Desription Appliility Burner/firing optimistion See Setion Generlly pplile Stged ininertion See Setion Generlly pplile for new plnts nd for mjor refurishments. For existing mills, pplile only if spe llows for the insertion of equipment BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 11. Tle 11 BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO x emissions from the ininertion of strong gses in dedited TRS urner Prmeter Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 9 % O 2 Yerly verge kg NO x /ADt NO x ( 1 ) 0,01 0,1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Where t existing plnts swith to stged ininertion is not fesile, emissions levels up to mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0,2 kg/adt) my our Wste genertion BAT 30. In order to prevent wste genertion nd minimise the mount of solid wste to e disposed of, BAT is to reyle dust from lk liquor reovery oiler ESPs to the proess.

28 L 284/103 Appliility Reirultion of dust my e limited due to non-proess elements in the dust Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 31. In order to redue therml energy onsumption (stem), mximise the enefit of energy rriers used, nd to redue the onsumption of eletriity, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f g h i j k l m n o p q High dry solid ontent of rk, y use of effiient presses or drying High effiieny stem oilers, e.g. low flue-gs tempertures Effetive seondry heting systems Closing wter systems, inluding leh plnt High pulp onentrtion (middle or high onsisteny tehnique) High effiieny evportion plnt Reovery of het from dissolving tnks e.g. y vent sruers Reovery nd use of the low temperture strems from effluents nd other wste het soures to het uildings, oiler feedwter nd proess wter Approprite use of seondry het nd seondry ondenste Monitoring nd ontrol of proesses, using dvned ontrol systems Optimise integrted het exhnger network Het reovery from the flue-gs from the reovery oiler etween the ESP nd the fn Ensuring s high pulp onsisteny s possile in sreening nd lening Use of speed ontrol of vrious lrge motors Use of effiient vuum pumps Proper sizing of pipes, pumps nd fns Optimised tnk levels BAT 32. In order to inrese the effiieny of power genertion, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. High lk liquor dry solid ontent (inreses oiler effiieny, stem genertion nd thus eletriity genertion) High reovery oiler pressure nd temperture; in new reovery oilers the pressure n e t lest 100 rs nd the temperture 510 C