Simulation of a large electric distribution system having intensive harmonics in the industrial zone of Konya

Transcription

1 Turkish Journl of Eletril Engineering & omputer Sienes journls. tuitk. gov. tr/ elektrik/ Reserh rtile Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si (2013) 21: TÜİTK doi: /elk Simultion of lrge eletri distriution system hving intensive hrmonis in the industril zone of Kony Hsn EROĞLU, 1, Mus YDIN 2 1 Deprtment of Eletril & Eletronis Engineering, Fulty of Engineering, Gümüşhne University, Gümüşhne, Turkey 2 Deprtment of Eletril & Eletronis Engineering, Fulty of Engineering, Selçuk University, Kony, Turkey Reeived: epted: Pulished Online: Printed: strt: In this study, mesurements were tken t different points of smple distriution system in order to nlyze the levels of hrmonis tht pper s dy-to-dy inresing prolem in eletril distriution systems. ording to the mesurement vlues, the dominnt hrmonis hve een determined nd n eletril model of the system hs een prepred using the SimPowerSystems toolox from MTL nd Simulink. The ury of the eletril model hs een verified y the mesurement nd simultion vlues. In ddition, the trnsformer onnetion types nd impednes simultions hve een presented to understnd nd solve the hrmoni prolems in eletril distriution systems. With the help of this study, dvned nlysis n e performed in the eletril distriution system for power qulity nlyses nd this study n e kground for similr kinds of simultion studies. Key words: Hrmonis, modeling, simultion, MTL 1. Introdution Nowdys, the stility of eletril energy hs ome into question due to the inresing numer of the nonliner lods in distriution systems. Hrmoni urrents nd voltges our s result of the lods tht hve nonliner hrteristis. In eletril systems, hrmonis n onsiderly ffet the eletril system qulity. Eletroni devies work y swithing ounts for the urrent wveforms of eletroni systems to hve nonliner hrteristis. nonliner devie is one in whih the urrent is not proportionl to the pplied voltge. While the pplied voltge is perfetly sinusoidl, the resulting urrent is distorted. Inresing the voltge y smll perentge my use the urrent to doule nd tke on different wve shpe. This is the soure of most hrmoni distortions in power system [1]. power systems hve sustntil numer of lrge hrmoni generting devies, e.g., djustle speed drives for motor ontrol nd swith-mode power supplies used in vriety of eletroni devies suh s omputers, opiers, nd fx mhines [2]. The mjor soures of power system hrmonis inlude swithing opertions, power eletroni devies, nd other nonliner lods. Eletroni devies re usully nonliner, nd thus they yield distorted urrents even when supplied with purely sinusoidl voltge. These distorted urrents n use voltge nd urrent distortion throughout the system [3]. The mjor effets of hrmonis on eletril power systems n e summrized s dditionl losses, orrespondene: hsn.eroglu@gumushne.edu.tr 934

2 EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si overheting, voltge drops, resonne prolems, dieletri strin, nd working with errors of mesurement, proteting, nd ontrol systems. Inresing the numer of power eletroni devies used in genertion, distriution, nd trnsmission hs inresed the hrmoni prolems in power systems. Hene, the importne of studies out deresing the hrms of hrmonis in eletril power systems hs ome into prominene nd the nlysis of hrmonis hs eome n inevitle prt of the systems design nd plnning [4]. There re 2 min definitions of the mesurement of the hrmoni ontents in eletril systems. These re totl hrmoni distortion (THD) nd totl demnd distortion. The THD is mesure of the effetive vlue of the hrmoni omponents of distorted wveform. Tht is, it is the potentil heting vlue of the hrmonis reltive to the fundmentl omponent. The voltge nd urrent distortion n e summrized s shown elow. T HD U = 1 U 1 ( n=2 U 2 n ) 1 2 (1) T HD I = 1 I 1 ( urrent distortion levels n e hrterized y THD vlue, s hs een desried, ut this n often e misleding. smll urrent my hve high THD ut might not e signifint thret to the system. For exmple, mny djustle-speed drives will exhiit high THD vlues for the input urrent when they re operting t very light lods. This is not neessrily signifint onern euse the mgnitude of the hrmoni urrent is low, even though its reltive urrent distortion is high. Some nlysts hve ttempted to void this diffiulty y referring the THD to the fundmentl omponent of the pek demnd lod urrent rther thn the fundmentl of the present smple. This is lled the totl demnd distortion (TTD) nd it serves s the sis for the guidelines in IEEE Stndrd , Reommended Prties nd Requirements for Hrmoni ontrol in Eletril Power Systems. It is defined s shown elow. T T D = n=2 I 2 n In 2 n=2 ) 1 2 (2) I L (3) I L is the pek, or mximum, demnd lod urrent t the fundmentl frequeny omponent, mesured t the point of ommon oupling (P). There re 2 wys to mesure I L. With lod lredy in the system, it n e lulted s the verge of the mximum demnd urrent for the preeding 12 months. The lultion n simply e done y verging the 12-month pek demnd redings. For new fility, I L hs to e estimted sed on the predited lod profiles. The hrmonis generted y ny hrmoni soure n e very hrmful to other eletri energy users tht re fed y the sme energy distriution system. Due to resons like this, it is very importnt to prevent the formtion of hrmonis in eletri systems or to eliminte them fter their formtion. Nowdys, there re mny pplitions for the elimintion of hrmonis. However, the most signifint ftor in eliminting hrmonis is to mke the eletriity users onsious of the hrmonis losses in eletri power systems nd the spreding pplitions of hrmoni filters. Mny studies on mesurements nd effets of hrmonis hve een done in the pst nd in reent yers [5 17]. However, there re not enough studies tht model lrge distriution system vi hrmonis or other 935

3 EROG LU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si power qulity prolems. The simultion of distriution systems is very importnt to estimte the ehvior of hrmonis or other power qulity events. In this pper, hrmoni mesurements were tken oth from the 0.4 kv nd 31.5 kv sides of the eletril distriution system t the 2nd nd 3rd Kony Orgnized Industril re (KOI). The hrteristi vlues of the distriution system nd the ftories were tken from the KOI offie. The mesurements were tken using the NLYST 2060 single-phse energy qulity nlyzer t the 0.4 kv side nd the RUDOLF PK 5 three-phse energy qulity nlyzer t the 31.5 kv side. The eletril model of the system ws prepred with the help of the SimPowerSystems toolox from MTL nd Simulink sed on the mesurements tken. The mesurement vlues nd simultion vlues were ompred to onfirm the ury of the simultion. With the help of the simultion, further nlyses n e mde to omprehend the ehviors of the power qulity events. 2. Mesurements There re 8 shunting sttions fed from the Kony 3 TM (trnsformer sttions) t KOI. The pprent power t eh shunting sttion is shown in Figure 1. MM KV MM KV MMI 31,930 KV MM6 20,670 KV MM KV MM2 22,800 KV MM3 23,140 KV MM KV Figure 1. pprent powers of eh shunting sttion. The ftories nd the mximum pprent powers tht re mesured during the mesurements re shown in Tle 1. In order to mke true mesurements, power redings re tken during the working hours t eh ftory where one or more working ftories re fed from the sme feeder. For the 31.5 kv mesurements, shunting sttions with higher pprent power re preferred. These shunting sttions re MM1, MM2, MM3, nd MM6. For the 0.4 kv mesurements, different types of ftories re preferred, s shown in Tle 1. The mesurement results re shown in Tles 2 nd 3. ording to Tle 2, the voltge distortions re pproprite to the IEEE 512 Stndrds, s re the urrent distortions, exept for tht of MM6. Sometimes the urrent distortion of MM6 exeeds the limits. The dominnt hrmonis re generlly the 5th, 7th, nd 11th hrmonis. Sometimes hrmonis tht hve higher frequeny omponents pper, ut they re not ontinuous. s shown in Tle 3, voltge distortions re pproprite when ompred to the IEEE 512 Stndrds, exept in sting ftory 4. The eletri urrent drwn y this ftory rehes 775, with voltge distortion of 5.6%. This mkes the urrent distortion of sting ftory 4 reh 26%. lthough the ftory mesurements re tken t different times where the ftories re fed from the sme feeder, the voltge distortions re t high vlues. If ll of the ftories were working when the mesurements were tken, the distortions would e t higher vlues thn the present ones. This ondition will e rried out in the simultion studies. 936

4 EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si Tle 1. The ftories nd their vlues. ommon informtion Mx. pprent power during mesurement Plsti ftory 1 Grden wtering systems 195 kv Plsti ftory 2 Wter pipes nd mhines for produing these pipes 120 kv sting ftory 1 Mnholes, sewer system lids, grden nd prk produts 780 kv sting ftory 2 st iron 430 kv sting ftory 3 ronze, hrome-nikel sting, luminum injetion 212 kv sting ftory 4 st iron, steel sting 520 kv sting ftory 5 Steel sting, iron sting 143 kv Textile ftory Fiers, thred produts 220 kv Food ftory ue sugr, ster sugr, sugr pkging 113 kv Tle 2. Mesurement results for the shunting sttions. Shunting urrents Voltge urrent Dominnt urrent sttions () THD (%) THD (%) hrmonis MM (4%) 7 (1.8%) MM (2%) 5 (3.6%) 7 (4.1%) MM (3.7%) 7 (1.2%) MM (7.5%) 7 (2.5%) 11 (1%) 21 (5%) Tle 3. Mesurement results for the ftories. Shunting sttions urrent () Voltge urrent THD (%) THD (%) Dominnt urrent hrmonis Plsti ftory (2.5%) 5 (10%) 7 (12.5%) Plsti ftory (11%) 7 (12.5%) 11 (8%) sting ftory (16%) 7 (12%) 11 (3%) sting ftory (22%) 7 (10%) 11 (8%) sting ftory (6%) 7 (19%) sting ftory (21%) 7 (11%) 17 (3%) sting ftory (28%) 3 (3%) 4 (8%) 5 (6%) Textile ftory (16%) 7 (5%) 11 (5%) Food ftory (8%) 5 (6%) 7 (10%) 9 (6%) 11 (11%) Generlly, the pprent power of the trnsformers used in distriution systems is 1250 kv nd the short iruit urrent for the seondry side is pproximtely 34 k. The Is/I L rtio of ftory tht hs lod urrent of 700 is pproximtely 48. Hene, the IEEE 512 stndrd limit for urrent distortions in this system is ssumed to e 8%, ut this vlue n e hnged if the short iruit rtio or other system prmeters re hnged. ording to this limit, the urrent distortions of the ftories exeed the IEEE stndrds limits. The resons for these high distortions re the r furnes in the sting ftories, djustle speed drives, soft-strters, inverters, nd other equipment tht hve power eletroni devies in the other ftories. 937

5 R S T EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si The reson why some sting ftories fed from MM1 with urrent distortions of more thn 25% hve lower distortion vlues t the HV side is the low distorted urrents of the other ftories in the mesurement system. Low distorted urrents lower the totl hrmoni distortions t the P. In ddition, hrmoni nelltion n our euse of ngulr differenes. 3. Simultions Tody, there re mny methods to perform energy qulity reserh. Simultion is one of these methods. fter entering the system s prmeters into the simultion, some useful results n e tken from the simultion y vrying the prmeters [4]. n eletril model of the system ws prepred in SimPowerSystems, toolox from MTL nd Simulink, sed on the mesurements tken with the energy qulity nlyzers nd the hrteristi vlues of the trnsmission system tken from the KOI offie. In rel system, there re mny hundreds of trnsformers with different pprent power vlues. However, there re pproximtely 60 distriution trnsformers with the pprent power of 1250 kv in the eletril system model, euse it is very diffiult to model hundreds os fi13 ktif13 Rektif13 Susystem1 MM2 V I MM2 (6.8 MW) onn1 onn2 onn3 olum2 os fi8 477 MM 1339 m. MM2-MM3 ktif8 Rektif8 V I Susystem2 onn1 V MM3 (10 MW) MM3 I onn2 onn3 olum1 MM3-MM6 Rektif14 V ktif14 Susystem4 os fi14 V MM6 I onn1 MM6 (4.4 kw) onn2 olum3 onn3 ktif6 os fi6 ktif15 Rektif15 os fi15 I Rektif6 os fi12 MM1 (13.6 MW) ktif12 Rektif12 MM1 R olum6 V I V I MM1-MM m. V Rektif9 I ktif9 4MV os fi9 TEIS-MM1 ktif11 Rektif11 os fi11 V I 1936 m. 700 m. 477 MM 2229m. TEIS-MM3 ktif10 Rektif10 os fi10 V I MM6-MM7 ktif7 Rektif7 os fi7 V I MM7 (0.9 MW) MM7 onn1 Susystem5 ktif16 Rektif16 os fi16 os fi19 Susystem ktif19 MM4 Rektif19 olum7 V I S T 477 MM 1715 m m. V I TEIS-MM4 ktif Rektif os fi 25MV MM2-MM8 ktif5 ontinuous powergui V I 920 m. olum5 onn2 onn3 ktif4 Rektif4 os fi4 MM7-MM8 Susystem3 MM4 (11MW) R S T 1850 m. ktif1 os fi1 TR28kimTHDOG1 THD1 HV TR28GerilimTHDOG1 os fi5 Rektif5 V I 2646 m. ktif2 Rektif2 os fi2 V I MM5-MM7 ktif3 V I olum9 os fi3 MM8 onn1 onn2 onn3 ktif17 Rektif17 os fi17 Susystem7 MM8 (0.7 MW) Rektif3 V I Rektif1 MM4-MM5 V I Gerilim7 olum4 kim m. TEIS olum8 MM5 V I Susystem6 MM5 (1.3 KW) ktif18 Rektif18 Figure 2. Eletril model of the eletri trnsmission system t the KOI. os fi18 938

6 i - EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si of trnsformers, lods, hrmoni urrent soures, mesurement loks, nd mny other simultion system omponents in the simultion progrm. Therefore, the omponents vlues of the simultion system were entered ording to the rel mesurements vlues. The other ftories vlues were tken from the KOI offie nd used in the simultion. Hrmoni soures, whih re nonliner elements, re generlly onsidered to e injetion soures into the liner network models. They n e represented s urrent injetion soures or voltge soures. For most hrmoni flow studies, it is suitle to tret hrmoni soures s the simple soures of hrmoni urrents [1]. TR10 R S T TR10 1 2R 3S n2 T TR10 urrent Mesurement1 + I Mesurement2 Sope1 RMS2 signl rms Voltge I Mesurement1 Sope2 onn1 onn2 onn3 Dokum6 Liner Lod TR6 onn1 onn2 onn3 TR6 Sope4 RMS3 signl rms urrent I Mesurement3 Sope3 onn1 onn2 onn3 Dokum2 F 2 Other (9 MW) onn1 onn2 onn3 TR1 I Mesurement4 Sope5 onn1 onn2 onn3 Klorifer Rditor Ft. R 1 S 2 TR11 onn1 onn2 onn3 TR3 o n n 1 o n n 2 o n n 3 I Mesurement5 Sope6 onn1 onn2 onn3 LineerYuk F 6 T 3 TR11 Liner Lod TR17 onn1 Lod onn1 onn2 onn3 Hrmoni Soure onn2 onn3 TR15 1 onn1 3 onn3 onn2 2 onn1 1 onn2 2 onn3 3 5th hrmoni3 17th hrmoni4 5th hrmoni1 19th hrmoni5 5th hrmoni2 17th hrmoni2 7th hrmoni3 19th hrmoni3 7th hrmoni1 17th hrmoni1 7th hrmoni2 19th hrmoni6 11th hrmoni4 11th hrmoni5 11th hrmoni6 13th hrmoni1 13th hrmoni2 13th hrmoni3 Figure 3. Simultion representtions of trnsformers, lods, hrmoni soures, nd other omponents in shunting sttion MM1. 939

7 EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si Shunting sttions re modeled with oxes tht inlude trnsformers, liner nd nonliner lods, mesurement loks, nd other trnsmission elements, s shown in Figure 2. The representtion of the trnsformers, lods, hrmoni soures, nd other equipment in MM1 re shown in Figure 3. The tive-retive powers nd power ftors of the shunting sttions n e mesured with mesurement loks with their diretion s illustrted in Figure 4. MM2-MM3 tif8 MM3 Susystem2 onn1 MM3 (10 MW) onn2 onn3 tif14 MM6 Susystem4 os fi14 onn1 MM6 (4.4 kw) onn2 onn3 tif15 os fi8 477 MM 1339 m Retif8 V I V I MM3-MM6 Mesurement1 Retif14 V V I Mesurement3 tif6 os fi6 Retif15 os fi15 I Retif6 V I 1936 m 700 m TEIS-MM3 ktif10 Retif10 Figure 4. tive-retive power nd power ftor mesurement of the shunting sttions. os fi10 Tles 4 nd 5 represent the vlues of the Kony 3 TM (trnsformtion enter), the min soures of the eletril system, nd the distriution trnsformers, respetively. Tle 4. The vlues of the TEIS Kony 3 TM (the min trnsformer sttion of the system). RMS vlue Phse Frequeny Three-phse X/R Phses of the voltge degree (Hz) short iruit power rtio pitne V V 0 50 inf. V V MV inf. V V inf. Tle 5. Vlues of the distriution trnsformers. Nominl power Pn [V], frequeny [Hz] [1250e3, 50] Winding 1 onnetion D1, D11, Y Winding 1 prmeters [V1 Ph-Ph (Vrms), R1 (pu), L1 (pu)] [ ] Winding 2 onnetion Yn, Yn, Yn Winding 2 prmeters [V2 Ph-Ph (Vrms), R2 (pu), L2 (pu)] [ e-005] For the simultion, the short iruit rtio of the min voltge soure TEIS Kony 3 TM trnsformer nd the X/R rtio re lulted s 680 MV nd Underground nd overhed lines re used etween the shunting sttions. Three ( ) XLPE les re used s the underground line les, nd 477 MM (Hwk) lines re used s the overhed lines. In order to mke rel simultions with the urrent hrmoni vlues mesured efore, the resistne nd impedne vlues of the lines etween the shunting sttions should e lulted ording to their respetive distnes. The resistne nd impedne vlues of les used in the eletril distriution system re shown in Tle

8 EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si Tle 6. The resistne nd impedne vlues of the les. Resistne of the Indutne ondutor t 20 (ohm/km) (mh/km) 477 MM (Hwk) mm 2 XLPE Line indutnes nd resistnes ording to the types of les nd line distnes re shown in Tle 7. Tle 7. Line indutnes nd resistnes ording to the types of les nd line distnes. Lines Types of les Distnes Resistnes nd indutnes ording to line distnes TEIS-MM1 477 MM 1715 m ohm mh MM1-MM2 3 ( ) XLPE 1842 m ohm mh MM2-MM3 477 MM 1339 m ohm mh MM2-MM8 ( ) XLPE 2646 m ohm mh TEIS-MM4 3 ( ) XLPE 2200 m ohm mh MM4-MM5 3 ( ) XLPE 1850 m ohm mh MM5-MM7 3 ( ) XLPE 1600 m ohm mh MM3-MM6 3 ( ) XLPE 1936 m ohm mh MM6-MM7 3 ( ) XLPE 700 m ohm mh TEIS-MM3 477 MM 2229 m ohm mh MM7-MM8 3 ( ) XLPE 920 m ohm mh referene simultion should e rried out in order to understnd the differenes of the simultion. Dyn11 onnetion-type trnsformers re espeilly used in eletril systems. Therefore, referene simultion is simulted ording to Dyn11 onnetion-type trnsformers, nd it is the one tht ll of the ftories re working with. The referene simultion vlues re shown in Tle 8. Tle 8. Referene simultion vlues. Ple Voltge THD (%) urrent THD (%) MM MM MM MM F F Liner lod If the referene simultion vlues nd mesurement vlues in Tles 2 nd 3 re ompred, it n e seen tht the urrent distortion vlues re lose to eh other, ut the voltge distortions re high in the simultion Effets of trnsformer onnetion on hrmonis In order to nlyze the effets of the trnsformer onnetion types on the distriution hrmonis, first, ll of the trnsformers onnetion types re ssumed to e the Dyn11 onnetion-type in the referene simultion. Next, the Dyn1, Yyn, nd Ynyn types re hosen, respetively. The simultion results re given in Tle

9 EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si Tle 9. Trnsformer onnetion types simultion results. THD (%) MM1 MM2 MM3 MM6 onnetion types V V V V Dyn Dyn Yyn Ynyn Effets of trnsformer lekge impedne on hrmonis The vlues of the 1250 kv trnsformer impednes tht re used in the simultion re shown in Tle 10. The hnged THD vlues of the shunting sttions nd some ftories re given in Tle 11 fter inresing the impedne vlues of the Dyn11 onnetion-type trnsformers from 100% to 50%. Tle 10. The referene impedne vlues nd inresed vlues of the trnsformers used in the simultion. Referene vlues Inresed vlues (50%) Primer Seonder Primer Seonder R (ohm) E E-03 L (H) E E-05 Tle 11. The vlues otined y inresing the trnsformer impednes. Referene vlues hnged vlues Perentge omprison THD (%) MM1 MM2 MM3 MM6 F2 F6 Liner Lod V V V V V V V onlusion In this study, n eletril model of lrge distriution system ws mde ording to the mesurement vlues tken from the KOI in order to omprehend the ehviors of the hrmonis in lrge eletril distriution systems. The mesurement vlues nd simultion vlues were ompred to onfirm the ury of the simultion. If the omprison of the referene simultion vlues in Tle 8 nd the mesurement vlues in Tles 2 nd 3 re ompred, it n e seen tht the urrent distortion vlues re lose to eh other. However, the voltge distortions re high in the simultion euse ll of the nonliner ftories re working in the simultion, nd the distorted urrents indue distorted voltges in the lines. In ddition, the trnsformer onnetion types nd impednes simultions were presented to understnd nd solve the hrmoni prolems in eletril distriution systems. ording to Tle 9, hnging the trnsformer onnetion types hnges the voltge nd urrent totl hrmoni distortion of the shunting sttions, using the trnsformer onnetion types Dyn11 nd Dyn1 to mke lmost no hnges in the voltge nd urrent totl hrmoni distortion. However, t the Yyn nd Ynyn 942

10 EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si trnsformer onnetion types, it hs een seen tht the voltge nd urrent distortion dropped y out 10% ording to referene simultion. ording to Tle 11, inresing the trnsformer impednes dereses the voltge nd urrent distortion of MM1, MM2, MM3, nd MM6. The voltge distortions of the F2 nd F4 t the low-voltge side of the trnsformers whose impednes re hnged inresed to 13.78% from 11.24%. The urrent distortions, on the other hnd, deresed. s eing fed from feeder tht hs lower-voltge hrmoni distortion is muh more importnt for distriution system users t the low-voltge side, the voltge THD inrese in the low-voltge side is muh more importnt thn the voltge THD deline in the high-voltge side. In other words, it is n undesirle sitution for distriution systems euse the inreses of the trnsformer impednes inrese the voltge THD of the ftories. Hene, the short iruit rtio of the ftories trnsformers is etter t high levels. The higher trnsformer short iruit rtio mens lower trnsformer impednes. On the other hnd, overloding of the trnsformers uses muh more voltge THD euse overheting inreses the impedne vlue. Hene, the short iruit levels of the trnsformers should e seleted properly y mking good plns for the ftories tht will e fed from these trnsformers. knowledgments The uthors knowledge the support for this study provided y Selçuk University Sientifi Reserh Projets. The uthors lso wish to thnk TÜİTK for support of this study. Referenes [1] R.. Dugn, F.M. MGrnghn, H.W. ety, Eletril Power Systems Qulity, New York, MGrw-Hill, [2] H. Temurts, F. Temurts, n pplition of neurl networks for hrmoni oeffiients nd reltive phse shifts detetion, Expert Systems with pplitions, Vol. 38, pp , [3] Y.P. hng,.n. Ko, PSO method with nonliner time-vrying evolution sed on neurl network for design of optiml hrmoni filters, Expert Systems with pplitions, Vol. 36, pp , [4] H. Eroğlu, Hrmoni nd power qulity nlysis of distriution system, Selçuk University Grdute Shool of Nturl nd pplied Sienes, Kony, [5] S. Jin,. Prmod, H.O. Gupt, survey of hrmonis: Indin senrio, IEEE Indi nnul onferene, pp , [6] S.N. Govindrjn, M.D. ox, F.. erry, Survey of hrmoni levels on the Southwestern Eletri Power ompny system, IEEE Trnstions on Power Delivery, Vol. 6, pp , [7] S.. Fdel, Simultion of hrmoni urrents nd voltges due to power eletroni equipment, University of Queenslnd, Shool of Informtion Tehnology nd Eletril Engineering, Queenslnd, [8]. Yng, Z.L. Pio, X.W. Sun, Hrmoni simultion nlysis of retive power ompenstion equipment nd its pplition, Power nd Energy Engineering onferene, pp. 1 5, [9] D.M. Sid, N. hmd,..m. Zin, Power supply qulity improvement: hrmoni mesurement nd simultion, Ntionl Power nd Energy onferene, pp , [10] S. Wu, X. Li, Hrmoni suppression nd simultion sed on Mtl, Interntionl onferene on omputtionl Intelligene nd Softwre Engineering, pp. 1 3, [11] Y. Ho, X, Yonghi, L. Yingying, Z. Yongqing, X. Xingning, Simultion nd hrmoni nlysis on ultr high voltge trnsmission system, Interntionl onferene on Energy nd Environment Tehnology, pp ,

11 EROĞLU nd YDIN/Turk J Ele Eng & omp Si [12].L. Fn, G.N. Wu, X.Y. Zhng, Y.F. Wng, The mesurement nd simultion reserh of eletrified rilwy hrmoni, Interntionl onferene on ondition Monitoring nd Dignosis, [13] P. Li, G. Li, Y. Xu, S. Yo, Methods omprtion nd simultion of trnsformer hrmoni losses, Power nd Energy Engineering onferene, pp. 1 4, [14] D.M. Sid, K.M. Nor, Simultion of the ımpt of hrmonis on distriution trnsformers, 2nd IEEE Interntionl onferene on Power nd Energy, pp , [15] T. Mnmek,. Grnthm, T. Phung, rel time power hrmonis mesuring tehnique under noisy onditions, ustrlsin Universities Power Engineering onferene, [16].E. Emnuel,.J. Orr, D. ygnski, E.M. Gulhenski, survey of hrmoni voltges nd urrents t the ustomer s us, IEEE Trnstions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, pp , [17].E. Emnuel,.J. Orr, D. ygnski, E.M. Gulhenski, survey of hrmoni voltges nd urrents t distriution susttions, IEEE Trnstions on Power Delivery, Vol. 6, pp ,