7R SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW Human Body

Transcription

1 7R SCIENCE FINAL REVIEW Human Body On loose leaf, write the answers to the following checklist of topics. You can write in words and draw labeled pictures. For 1 10, about the Human Body, write the answers in the spaces provided. Student will be able to: Define cell, tissue, organ and system. State the order from smallest to largest and give examples. cell the basic unit of structure and function in living things tissue a group of similar cells performing the same function organ a structure composed of different tissues that performs a specific job organ system several organs working together to perform a major function organism a living thing made of many organ systems Define homeostasis and give example of how the body tries to maintain it. homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions when your body becomes dehydrated, you feel thirsty when your temperature is too low, you shiver to warm up when your temperature is too high, you sweat to cool down Describe how various human body systems relate to each other. skeletal and muscular systems work together to move the body digestive and circulatory systems work together to get nutrients to body cells respiratory and circulatory systems work together to get oxygen to body cells excretory and circulatory systems work together to remove waste from the body nervous and endocrine systems regulate the other body systems Skeletal Muscular Systems Give the functions for the skeletal and muscular system and how they work together to accomplish movement. skeletal support, store minerals, make red blood cells, protects organs, and place where muscles attach muscular causes movement in the body muscles attach to bones by tendons and contract to pull on bones

2 Tell the difference between a ligament and a tendon. ligament connects bone to bone tendon connects muscle to bone cartilage covers and protects the ends of bones Define joint and give examples of a hinge joint and ball and socket joint. hinge: elbow, knee ball and socket: shoulder, hip Tell the difference between skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle and gives examples for each. skeletal muscle: pulls on bone smooth muscle: peristalsis in the digestive tract organs (esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines) lungs, kidneys, bladder, blood vessels cardiac: beating heart Circulatory System Give the functions of the circulatory system and identify a diagram of it. carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from body cells Define oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. de-oxygenated blood contains CO 2 oxygenated blood contains O 2

3 Describe the difference between veins, arteries and capillaries. artery carries blood away from the heart vein carries blood towards the heart Explain what happens in the capillaries and why they are so important. capillaries are very narrow nutrients diffuse out of the capillary and into the body cells, wastes diffuse out of the body cell and into the capillary Describe the four parts of the blood and their functions: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. red blood cells carry oxygen white blood cells fight disease Define pulse. pulse artery expands and contracts as blood is pumped through the body platelets clot blood plasma liquid part of blood Describe how the human heart functions. deoxygenated blood enters the heart and is pumped to the lungs CO2 leaves blood, O2 enters blood oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to all the body cells

4 Respiratory System Give the functions of the respiratory system and identify a diagram of it. takes O 2 into the body removes CO 2 from the body Explain how breathing and respiration relate. breathing air moves in and out of lungs respiration energy is released from food Identify the equation for respiration. glucose + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy Give the functions for the organs of the respiratory system including the nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm and list the order through which oxygen travels. nose filters, moistens, and warms air entering the body trachea windpipe bronchi tubes that enter the lungs lungs as the body inhales, the lungs fill with air; as the body exhales, lungs push air out of the body diaphragm muscle that controls breathing Show how the balloon model represents the respiratory system. balloon is like the lungs inflate = inhale deflate = exhale blue rubber = diaphragm

5 Excretory System Give the functions of the excretory system and identify a diagram of it. removes liquid and gas wastes from the body Identify specific excretory organs and describe what they do, including kidneys, skin and lungs. kidneys (D) remove excess water and salt from blood (makes urine) skin (C) removes excess water and salt from blood (makes sweat) lungs (A) removes CO 2 from blood Digestive System Give the functions of the digestive system and identify a diagram of it. breaks food into usable nutrients absorbs nutrients into the blood gets solid waste ready to be eliminated Tell the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion. mechanical digestion food is broken down into smaller pieces (teeth rips food, stomach churns and breaks apart food) chemical digestion food is dissolved into nutrients (enzymes in the mouth and small intestine dissolve food) Describe the importance of enzymes. enzymes - chemically dissolve food

6 Give functions for the organs of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. mouth digestion begins here saliva dissolves carbohydrates into sugar esophagus food tube stomach acid dissolves proteins small intestine digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats absorption of all nutrients into blood (villi) large intestine absorption of water into blood rectum stores solid waste Nervous System Give the functions of the nervous system and identify a diagram of it. receives stimuli from the environment carries electric messages to central nervous system for processing sends electric messages to muscles and glands maintains homeostasis regulates and coordinates other organ systems Give examples of a stimulus and its response. When you touch a hot stove, your arm jerks away from the burner. STIMULUS RESPONSE Identify and describe the function of the three parts of the brain cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla (brainstem). cerebrum thinking, senses cerebellum balance medulla breathing, heart rate

7 Identify a neuron and its importance. neuron nerve cell carries electric signals in body Endocrine System Give the functions of the endocrine system and be able to identify a diagram of it. regulates and controls other body systems maintains homeostasis Explain the importance of hormones. hormones - chemical messengers affect target cells

8 Human Body 1. Describe how sweating helps to maintain homeostasis. homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions sweating regulates temperature by cooling the body 2. The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is the. Two or more cells tissue working together are called a. Layers or tissue all working together for a common organ organ function is referred to as an. Many organs all working together to perform certain jobs are called an system. cell 3. Explain how the biceps and triceps work together to move the arm. arm straightens: biceps relaxes, triceps contracts arm flexes: triceps relaxes, biceps contracts 4. Describe the difference between the three types of blood vessels pictured in this diagram. artery carries blood away from heart capillary site of diffusion vein carries blood to heart 5. Sequence the path of oxygen through the Respiratory System, label each part. 1 nose: filters, moistens, and warms air 2 trachea: windpipe 3 bronchi: branches into the lung 4 lung: exhales and inhales 5 alveoli: where diffusion of gases occurs

9 6. Describe the difference between mechanical and chemical Digestion and give example of where each occurs. mechanical breaks down food into small parts (teeth) chemical enzymes dissolve food (small intestine, saliva, stomach acid) 7. Which two body systems coordinate and regulate all the activities of the body? nervous endocrine and 8. Completely explain (using the names of the organs) how the circulatory and digestive systems work together. digestive: breaks food into small nutrients circulatory: receives nutrients from villi of small intestine and takes the nutrients to the body cells 9. Completely explain how the respiratory system works with the excretory system to remove carbon dioxide. respiratory: lung is a respiratory organ where CO 2 diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli excretory: lung is an excretory organ that exhales CO 2 out of the body 10. List three endocrine glands. pituitary master gland thyroid regulates metabolism parathyroid regulates calcium adrenal gland fight or flight stress thymus regulates immune system pancreas insulin regulates sugar in blood ovaries estrogen in females testes testosterone in males