Review on SCR Catalysts

Transcription

1 Content Control of diesel emissions: Strategies & Solutions Review on Catalysts Dr.- Ing. Bernd Amon rd Aaqius & Aaqius Paris Forum 8 Sep, Paris Introduction - About Technology Euro Systems - Current Status Advanced Technology Combined Emission Control Strategies Conclusions SINOx Emissions Control About Technology Strategies to Reduce Diesel Emissions (Selective Catalytic Reduction) is a well-established and well-known technology to reduce exhaust emissions in various stationary applications all over the world PM [g/kwh] NOx / PM / BSFC Tradeoff BSFC Power Plants Gas Turbines Automotive Application Marine s EU () EU (8) EU () EGR Europe BSFC Stationary s 1 NO x [g/kwh]

2 Impact of Emission Control Strategies on Fuel Consumption and Operation Costs Fuel Consum ption Euro The Optimum reliability European heavy-duty commercial vehicle manufacturers have finally chosen to comply with and Euro. technology Stable performance and...euro extended durability BSFC [] Euro EGR + Euro LNT + EGR + LNT + Source: ACEA Report, ACEA, 1 11 BSFC [] Announcement of ACEA (July ): Fuel Consum ption Euro 1 1 Function of System Compatibility with engine technology and other aftertreatment devices And above all high effectiveness at reasonable costs Assumptions: 1, 9, Fuel Consumption Baseline: l/1km Lifetime of Truck:. km Fuel benefit Costs: Diesel:,9 /l;:, /l Urea consump., Urea / Fuel for (Euro): System Fuel penalty LNT+ Exhaust Cost advantage NOx, O HC, PM -Cat. (NH) CO Cleaned Exhaust N, HO HC, PM 1, Components on the Truck NOx Reduction - European Steady State Cycle (ESC) SINOx Catalyst Diesel engine: 1l, kw / Catalyst: cpsi,. ltr., w/o oxid. and slip cat NOx before catalyst: 9. g/kwh NOx after catalyst: 1.9 g/kwh NOx reduction: 79 NOx [g/h] Urea Metering Unit Urea with Pump Unit Compressed Air Supply NH [ppm] Mode Urea Nozzle to Exhaust Pipe 1 7 8

3 9 NOx Reduction - European Transient Cycle (ETC) NOx Reduction - European Steady State Cycle (ESC) Diesel engine: 1l, kw / Catalyst: cpsi,. ltr., w/o oxid. and slip cat Diesel engine: 1l, 9 kw / Catalyst: cpsi, ltr., w/o oxid. and slip cat NOx before catalyst: 11 g/kwh NOx before catalyst: 7. g/kwh NOx after catalyst:. g/kwh NOx after catalyst:.9 g/kwh NOx reduction: 81 NOx reduction: 88 NH [ppm] NOx [g/h] Time [sec] 1 NH [ppm] NOx [g/h] Mode 1 Components on a Passenger Car NOx Reduction - Passenger Car Application 1 Urea nozzle 8 out emission with catalyst Cat. Housing NOx-emission [] without optimised calibration - with optimised calibration Oxydation catalyst Exhaust system Urea tank EUDC N N 11 1

4 1 Advanced Technology Euro : conservatively designed catalyst volume due to an open loop control configuration; uncertainties like estimation of NOx engine out emissions, urea injection pump metering error, etc. must be covered. Development of NOx and Ammonia Sensors NOx Sensor On Road results (Class 8 truck; HD 1-ltr.) SINOx Catalyst + Prototype NOx Sensor from Siemens/NGK Introduction of nd generation systems: Sensors (NH or NOx) will allow better NOx performance of given systems by enhancing the dosing control strategies. System Ammonia Sensor Source: Siemens/NGK Comparison of Ammonia measured at tailpipe using FTIR with that predicted by the ammonia sensor -Cat. NOx Sensor NOx/NH Sensor Source: Delphi Source: Ford, DEER Aug 1 NOx Reduction with closed loop control Calculated NOx conversion with open loop and closed loop control over different cycles 1 ESC ETC 9 Combined System + technology can be combined with various emission control technologies like EGR, and Oxidation Catalyst Combined systems of and provide for highest conversion rates of PM and NOx to comply with post Euro, US 7/1 and Jap. PNLT Regulations NOx conversion [] 8 7 Euro Euro Oxi-Cat. (opt.) Filter System System -Cat. open loop closed loop open loop closed loop Increase in NOx conversion of approx. 1 (abs.) Source: TNO, SAE -1-1 Reduction of > 9 PM with Reduction of > 8 NOx with 1 1

5 17 NOx/PM Reduction with Combined / System Conclusions FTP results of an Class 8 truck engine; HD 1-ltr. valve/cyl. inline- Diesel engine (no EGR) + + SINOx --Catalyst is a feasible and well-proven technology to reduce Diesel emissions and make to use of fuel optimized engines NOx [gr/bhp-hr] PM [gr/bhp-hr] HC [gr/bhp-hr] European HDV manufacturers have decided to use to comply with Euro () and Euro (8) emission regulations and reduce fuel consumption Use of NOx/Ammonia sensors will further improve NOx reduction efficiency of technology NOx + + & PM & are below the US 7 emission limits + HC For future emissions regulation in Europe, but also in US and Japan in combination with filter technology offers a solution even for the most stringent emission limits 18