Luft- og støjforureningen i Danmark, 16. november 2011

Transcription

1 Tekniske løsninger på NO 2 -forureningen SCR Technology - Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Luft- og støjforureningen i Danmark, 16. november 2011 Ernst Bjerregaard Emitec Denmark A/S ernst.bjerregaard@emitec.com

2 SCR teknologien Praktiske eksempler på brugen af SCR Omkostningsniveau Indhold 2

3 SCR teknologien Praktiske eksempler på brugen af SCR Omkostningsniveau 3

4 Different NOx reduction technologies available, the most important ones being: General improvement of engines Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) SCR Basics A means of converting nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2 ), also referred to as NOx, into nitrogen and water with the aid of a catalyst Technology itself more than 30 years old Typical applications Automotive Marine Locomotive Power plants Built-in from start or retrofit onto existing vehicles NOx reduction technologies 4

5 60 Engine Technology Euro V/VI Engine Technology Euro IV Fuel Consumption PM [mg/kwh] 30 EU V EU IV EU VI High Efficient SCR NO x [g/kwh] 6 Exhaust Emission Legislations & Technologies Example : Commerical Vehicle - ETC

6 Vertraulich / Confidential Copying of this document and giving it to others is strictly forbidden without express authority of Emitec! 4 NH NO + O 2 4 N H 2 O 2 NO NO + 4 NH 3 4 N H 2 O Ammonia adsorbs on the surface and reacts with NOx from the gas phase. The final product is nitrogen and water NO x (g) NH 3 (g) N 2 (g) + H 2 O (g) NH 3 (ads) SCR catalyst SCR reaction 6

7 Urea CO(NH 2 ) 2 Carrier of ammonia AdBlue Quality according to DIN ,5 % BW dissolved in water Freezing point -11 C Non toxic, used as fertilizer Urea is converted into ammonia and nitrogen Reducing agent 7

8 SCR System overview 8

9 Activity, NOx conversion Optimal SCR region Low T region High T region NH 3 oxidation Temperature Typical SCR activity window for vanadium based catalyst

10 Typical NOx conversion ratio for SCR: % Test conditions: ESC: European Steady-state Cycle ETC: European Transient Cycle NEDC: New European Driving Cycle Example of measurements done on test bench, ETC test cycle: NOx raw emission NOx out NOx emission(g/kwh) Conversion ratio: 85 % The conversion ratio can be adjusted with the amount of urea injected but has to be balanced with the ammonia slip Conversion ratio 10

11 SCR teknologien Praktiske eksempler på brugen af SCR Omkostningsniveau 11

12 In connection with the Olympic Games in Beijing 2008 it was decided to equip the buses for the olympic games with SCR in order to reduce NOx emission Supplier of engines: Yuchai SCR dosing system: Emitec Air Assisted Urea dosing system Buses for the Olympic Games Beijing

13 watercooled injector LS Technology SCR catalyst hydrolysis catalyst Liebherr SCR Production System

14 Test Car MB Sprinter 315 CDI

15 SCR Controller Location of AdBlue Dosing Module integrated within the Tank + ECU

16 cumulative NOx emission [g] Start of AdBlue Injection - 32 % AdBlue Inj. [mg/s] Time [s] -400 NO X -Reduction and Dosing Strategy in NEDC EHC not Activated 16

17 cumulative NOx emission [g] AdBlue Massflow Engine Out Tailpipe - 69 % AdBlue Inj. [mg/s] Time [s] -400 NO X -Reduction and Dosing Strategy in NEDC EHC Activated 18

18 Vertraulich / Confidential Copying of this document and giving it to others is strictly forbidden without express authority of Emitec! SCR-Demonstrator MB Sprinter 315CDI PEMS Measurements in Berlin City Driving

19 Vertraulich / Confidential Copying of this document and giving it to others is strictly forbidden without express authority of Emitec! Test Cycle 1 - City Cycle Tiergarten Botan. Garten Test Cycle 2 Reference Cycle Berlin Street Map with the 2 Berlin Test Cycles

20 Vertraulich / Confidential Copying of this document and giving it to others is strictly forbidden without express authority of Emitec! Vehicle Speed [km/h] Speed City Cycle 0 Vehicle Speed [km/h] Speed Reference Cycle Time [s] Example for the vehicle speed of the two City Test Cycles

21 Vertraulich / Confidential Copying of this document and giving it to others is strictly forbidden without express authority of Emitec! Temperature [ C] Temperature [ C] T before SCR System T before SCR System City Cycle Reference Cycle Time [s] Temperatures in front of the SCR System in the 2 City Test Cycles

22 Vertraulich / Confidential Copying of this document and giving it to others is strictly forbidden without express authority of Emitec! Berlin City Cycle Distance [km] SCR inactive NO x Emissions SCR active ~ g g Efficiency NO x 60,3% Berlin Reference Cycle ~ g 9.40 g Efficiency NO x 63,2% PEMS NO x Results with and without activated SCR System Berlin City Driving

23 SCR teknologien Praktiske eksempler på brugen af SCR Omkostningsniveau 24

24 SCR catalyst Urea dosing system Canning Tank with level sensor Basic SCR System Components 25

25 Omtrentlige omkostninger ved eftermontering af SCR: Light Duty Vehicle: Kr. Heavy Duty Vehicle: Kr. Løbende omkostninger: AdBlue forbrug: Ca. 5 % af brændstofforbruget AdBlue pris: 3 6 Kr./l afhængig af volumen Omkostningsniveau 26

26 Spørgsmål? 27