Human Body & Body Planes

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Claude McCarthy
7 years ago
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1 Human Body & Body Planes

2 2 Human Body & Body Planes Anatomical position body is erect, or standing, posture with arms at sides and palms turned forward, head and feet pointing forward Bilateral symmetry plane that divides body into right and left sides mirror images

3 3 Body Cavities Ventral Cavity Thoracic cavity Right pleural cavity Mediastinum Left pleural cavity

4 4 Body Cavities Ventral Cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

5 5 Body Cavities Dorsal Cavity Cranial cavity Skull Spinal cavity Spinal column

6 6 Body Cavities Thoracic Cavity Right pleural: right lung (in pleural cavity) Mediastinum: heart (in pericardial cavity), trachea, right & left bronchi, esophagus, thymus gland, aortic arch & thoracic aorta, venae cavae, various lymph nodes & nerves and thoracic duct Left pleural: left lung (in pleural cavity)

7 7 Body Cavities Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominal: liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys and ureters Pelvic: urinary bladder, part of large intestines (sigmoid colon & rectum), female reproductive parts (uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries), male reproductive parts (prostate gland, seminal vesicles, parts of vas deferens)

8 8 Body Regions Axial Head, neck & torso Appendicular Upper & lower extremities and connections to axial

9 9 Body Regions Abdominal Regions Right hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumbar region Right iliac (inguinal) region Hypogastric region Left iliac (inguinal) region

10 10 Body Regions Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

11 11 Body Planes Sagittal - divides body into left and right halves (midsagittal plane) Coronal divides body into anterior(front) and posterior (back) (frontal plane) Transverse divides body into upper and lower halves (horizontal plane)

12 12 Body Directions Anterior front or in front of Posterior back or in back of Proximal toward or nearest to trunk Distal away from or furthest from trunk Superior toward head Inferior toward feet Lateral toward side of body Medial toward midline of body Superficial nearer the body surface Deep farther away from body surface

13 13 Human Body Systems Integumentary System Nervous System Digestive System Respiratory System Endocrine System Circulatory System Skeletal System Muscular System Reproductive System Urinary System Lymphatic System Immune System

14 14 Questions 1) The longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into left and right parts is. 2) In the anatomical position the palms of the hands face. 3) The cubital, acromial, antebrachial are part of what body region? 4) Respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts are part of the

15 15 Clinical Scenario Surgical notes on a patient state that she had a right infraumbilical paramedian incision through skin of anterior abdominal wall. Where was incision made?

16 16 Clinical Scenario Physician s notes state that patient has a small, mobile tumor on dorsum of foot, just proximal to base of toes and lying superficial to bones and extensor tendons, but deep to superficial fascia. Where is tumor located?

17 17 Clinical Scenario 8 year old boy was admitted with pyrexia, furred tongue and pain in right iliac region. Muscles of anterior abdominal wall in lower right quadrant were noted to be contacted and rigid. Diagnosis of appendicitis with perforation of wall of appendix was made. Why were muscles of anterior abdominal wall rigid in right iliac region?

18 18 Clinical Scenario Examination of abdomen of 35 year old woman found large swelling downward and medially below left costal margin. On percussion, continuous band of dullness was noted to extend upward from left of umbilicus to left axillary region. On palpation, notch was felt along anterior border of swelling. Name anatomical structure producing swelling and why?

19 19 Clinical Scenario 45 year old man was admitted complaining of severe pain in right iliac region. He repeatedly vomited and temperature and pulse rate were elevated. History indicated he had been suffering from acute appendicitis and pain had suddenly increased. Muscles of the lower part of anterior abdominal wall in right iliac region showed rigidity. Diagnosis of peritonitis following perforation of appendix was made. What anatomical structures helps body to localize inflammatory lesions of peritoneum?

UNIT 1 BODY PLAN AND ORGANIZATION LECTURE

UNIT 1 BODY PLAN AND ORGANIZATION LECTURE 1.03 CONTRAST THE SCIENCES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY A. Anatomy Anatomy is the scientific study of structures and the relationship of.. structures to each other.