Comparative Anatomy of the Domestic Cat and Selected Organs of the Sheep, Cow, & Pig With Reference to the Human

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1 Comparative Anatomy of the Domestic Cat and Selected Organs of the Sheep, Cow, & Pig With Reference to the Human Karen McMahon Biological Science The University of Tulsa HAPS Institute - Using Cadavers to Teach A&P November 30, 2008

2 Integumentary System

3 Cat Skin Stratum Corneum Epidermis Dermis Hair Root

4 Human Skin, Heavily Pigmented Stratum Corneum Epidermis Dermis Stratum Basale

5 Skeletal System

6 The premaxilla is a separate bone in the cat skull. Nasal Premaxilla Maxilla

7 The premaxilla is not present in the human skull. Nasal Maxilla

8 Cats have a carnivorous dentition pattern. Teeth in each half of the u. jaw/l. jaw: Incisors 3/3 Canines 1/1 Premolars 3/2 Molars 1/1. The total # of teeth is 30. Incisors Canine Premolar Molar

9 Humans have an omnivorous dentition pattern. Teeth in each half of the upper jaw/lower jaw: Incisors 2/2 Canines 1/1 Premolars 2/2 Molars 3/3. The total # of teeth is 32. Premolar Canine Incisors Molar

10 There are 7 lumbar vertebrae in the cat; 5 in the human.

11 The sacrum is composed of 3 fused bones in the cat; 5 in the human.

12 The cat has separate caudal vertebrae. The coccyx in the human consists of 3-5 fused caudal vertebrae. Caudal Vertebrae Human Coccyx

13 There are 13 pairs of ribs in the cat - pairs 1-9 true, false, & pair 13 is also floating.

14 The human has 12 pairs of ribs - pairs 1-7 true, 8-12 false, & pairs are also floating. True (1-7) False (8-12) Floating

15 The cat s sternum consists of a manubrium, a body of 6 sternebrae, & a xiphisternum with a xiphoid process.

16 The human sternum consists of a manubrium, body, & xiphoid process. Manubrium Body Xiphoid Process

17 There are 7 carpals in the cat; 8 in the human. The scaphoid and lunate are fused as the scapholunate in the cat. Lunate Scaphoid

18 The human clavicle articulates with the sternum & scapula; the cat s clavicle is reduced and does not articulate with other bones. Clavicle

19 Fetal Skeleton Pig Human

20 Nervous System

21 Human Dura Mater of the Meninges *Photographs courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D.

22 Feline Dura Mater of the Meninges

23 Human Brain

24 Mid-sagittal View *Photograph courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D. Human Sheep

25 The human brain has two mammillary bodies; the sheep brain has one. Mammillary Body *Photograph courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D. Human Sheep

26 Human Brain Tumor *Photographs courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D.

27 Arbor vita in the cerebellum. Human Sheep

28 The cat has pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 13, thoracic, 7 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 7/8 caudal. Cauda Equina

29 The human has 31 pairs of spinal nerves - 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 caudal. Cauda Equina

30 Model of the human eye with the dark choroid layer. Sclera Choroid Layer Iris & Pupil Optic Disc Vitreous Body Lens

31 The cow eye has an iridescent tapetum lucidum in the choroid. Choroid Layer Eyeshine Tapetum Lucidum Sclera

32 Muscular System

33 Pectoantebrachialis & xiphihumeralis are chest muscles in the cat. Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Pectoantebrachialis Clavodeltoid Xiphumeralis Posterior Anterior

34 These muscles are missing in the human. Pectoralis Major

35 Clavodeltoid, acromiodeltoid, & spinodeltoid in the cat. Clavodeltoid Acromiodeltoid Spinodeltoid

36 There is one deltoid in the human. Deltoid

37 Clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, & spinotrapezius are back muscles in the cat. Clavotrapezius Spinotrapezius Acromiotrapezius

38 There is one trapezius muscle in the human. R & L Trapezius

39 The levator scapulae ventralis is found in the cat but is missing in the human. Levator Scapulae Ventralis Acromiotrapezius Lateral View

40 Caudofemoralis is found in the cat but not in the human. Gluteus Medius Caudofemoralis Gluteus Maximus Biceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

41 There is no caudofemoralis muscle in the human. Vastus Lateralis Tensor Fascia Latae Long Head Short Head Biceps Femoris Lateral View Gluteus Maximus

42 Thigh muscles in the human. Sartorius Vastus Medialis Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis

43 The epitrochlearis muscle is found in the medial arm of the cat. Epitrochlearis

44 There is no epitrochlearis in the human arm. Deltoid Biceps Brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis Long Head Triceps Brachii Medial Head

45 Abdominal muscles in the cat. Transversus Abdominus Internal Oblique External Oblique

46 Abdominal muscles in the human. Transversus Abdominus Internal Oblique External Oblique

47 Ventral Body Cavity

48 The ventral body cavity in the cat. Thorax Diaphragm Abdominopelvic

49 The ventral body cavity in the human. Thorax Diaphragm Abdominopelvic

50 Digestive System

51 The greater omentum in the human and cat. Human Cat

52 The stomach in the human and cat. Stomach Stomach Human Pylorus Cat

53 Stomach Feeding Tube

54 The stomach interior in the human and cat. Human Rugae Cat Roundworms found in the cat stomach

55 The human liver has 4 lobes. R. & L. Lobes R. Lobe Gallbladder Quadrate & Caudate lobes are not pictured. L. Lobe

56 The feline liver has 6 lobes. Gallbladder Quadrate Lobe L. Medial Lobe L. Lateral Lobe R. Medial Lobe Gallbladder L. Lateral Lobe Caudate Lobe R. Lateral Lobe

57 The small intestine in the cat is approximately 120 cm long.

58 Mesentery of the small intestine in the human and cat. Small Intestine Mesentery

59 The cat cecum has no appendix. Large Intestine Cecum Small Intestine

60 An appendix is found at the human cecum. Large Intestine Small Intestine Cecum Appendix Photograph courtesy of Mary Weis, D.V.M.

61 The large intestine of the cat consists of the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum. There is no sigmoid colon. Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Rectum

62 The large intestine of the human consists of the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Transverse Colon Descending Colon Ascending Colon Cecum Small Intestine Sigmoid Colon Rectum Appendix Photograph courtesy of Becky Brown.

63 Circulatory System

64 The pig heart has 2 branches off the aortic arch. Left Subclavian Artery Brachiocephalic Artery Aortic Arch Pulmonary Trunk

65 There are 3 branches from the aortic arch in the human heart. Brachiocephalic Artery L. Common Carotid L. Subclavian Artery Aortic Arch Pulmonary Trunk

66 Pacemaker Wires

67 There is no common iliac artery in the cat. Posterior Vena Cava Abdominal Aorta External Iliac Vein External Iliac Artery Internal Iliac Artery

68 There is a common iliac artery in the human. External Iliac Vein Common Iliac Artery Internal Iliac Artery External Iliac Artery

69 Respiratory System

70 Human epiglottis, larynx, thyroid gland, and trachea. Epiglottis Trachea Larynx Thyroid Gland Primary Bronchus * *Photograph courtesy of Kevin Patton, Ph.D.

71 Cat epiglottis, larynx, thyroid gland, and trachea. Epiglottis Larynx Thyroid Gland False Vocal Cords Trachea

72 Human lungs have 5 lobes. Right Lung 3 Lobes Superior, Middle, & Inferior Left Lung - 2 Lobes, Superior & Inferior

73 Cats lungs have 7 lobes. Right Lobes Anterior, Medial, Posterior, & Accessory Left Lobes Anterior, Medial, Posterior

74 Male Reproductive System

75 The male reproductive system of the cat lacks paired seminal vesicles & the penis is ensheathed. Spermatic Cord Testis in Tunica Albuginea Penis

76 The male reproductive system in the human has a pair of seminal vesicles. Testis Seminal Vesicle

77 Female Reproductive System

78 The female cat has a urogenital sinus. Young are borne in the uterine horns. Body of the Uterus Ovary Vagina Uterine Horn Urogenital Sinus

79 Feline Embryos

80 There are separate vaginal and urethral openings in the human female. Young develop in the body of the uterus. Ovary Fallopian Tube Body of Uterus Cervix

81 Human Embryo 12 Weeks Old

82 Human Fetus

83 Human Fetus

84 Urinary System

85 The adrenal gland in the cat is medial to the kidney. Adrenal Gland Kidney Renal Vein

86 The adrenal gland is anterior to the kidney in the human. Adrenal Gland Kidney

87 Kidney disease Photograph courtesy of Anna E. Ross, Ph.D. Polycystic kidney Kidney Adenocarcinoma

88 References Augur, Anne M. and Arthur F. Dalley Grant s Atlas of Anatomy, 12th Edition. Wolter Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Bohensky, Fred PhotoManual & Dissection Guide. Cat with Sheep Heart Brain Eye. Square One Education Guides. Sebastiani, Aurora M. and Dale W. Fishbeck Mammalian Anatomy The Cat. Morton Publishing Company. Englewood, Colorado. Walker, Warren F. and Dominique G. Homberger A Study of the Cat with Reference to Human Beings. Saunders College Publishing. Fort Worth, Texas. Wingerd, Bruce D Cat Anatomy and Dissection Guide. Bluedoor. Eden Prairie, Minnesota.

89 The Cat People from Dr. Who

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