Potential of biogas production in Baltic Sea Region. M.Sc. Paulina Dziołak Ph.D. Wojciech Gis M.Sc. Mikołaj Krupiński Ph.D.

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1 Potential of biogas production in Baltic Sea Region M.Sc. Paulina Dziołak Ph.D. Wojciech Gis M.Sc. Mikołaj Krupiński Ph.D. Andrzej Żółtowski

2 Presentation based on the information gained from the work on the elaboration titled SUMMARY ELABORATION ON THE PRODUCTION AND POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION COUNTRIES TODAY AND IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NEXT YEARS and BALTIC SEA REGION BIOGASINFRASTRUCTURE OVERVIEW Existing And Planned, up under international project Biogas Baltic Bus

3 Biogas potential in Poland At the beginning of 2011 there were 148 biogas plants in Poland: 10 agricultural biogas plants, 57 biogas plants near waste water treatment plants; 81 biogas plants near landfills and 1 biogas plant used mixed waste. It is assumed that in 2020 Poland will produce 2 billion m3 of biogas. With produced in 2008 in Poland Biogas received GWh of electricity and 925 TJ of heat, and in 2010 total power of biogas plants was MW. According to data from the Energy Market Agency in Poland, covering about 50% of the Polish market as of 1 January 2010, agricultural biogas production potential estimated at m3, which corresponds to GJ of energy, with a calorific value equivalent to kj/m3. The government plans to 2020, found in Poland about 2500 biogas plants with total capacity of MW. Potential of available resources for agriculture biogas obtaining is estimated by the Ministry of Agriculture on mln m3 in general, are mostly special crops and residues 1962 mln m3, meadows and pastures mln m3 and agricultural by products of mln m3.

4 Biogas potential in Poland Figure presents biogas production potential of agricultural production (million Mg) special crops and residues, and meadows and pastures and by products from food processing have the highest production potential of agriculture biogas. Every year this is produced on average about mln Mg of mixed municipal waste, while a group of mixed waste with biodegradable fraction dominates (50%).

5 Biogas potential in Poland In Poland, in 2000 there were approximately 700 active landfills. Methane resources reasonably possible to obtain the same municipal waste landfills are estimated at mln m3 of biomethane per year, which is equivalent to TJ. Energy Regulatory Office data ( ) suggests that there are 81 landfill biogas plants with total power 48,073 MW. With produced in 2008 in Poland, biogas from landfills received 14.4 GWh of electricity and 142 TJ heat. Poland has a total of more than 4,000 sewage treatment plants and industrial applications. The technical potential for the use of biogas from wastewater treatment plants for energy purposes is very high. In 2003, there were 1759 industrial and municipal wastewater treatment plants in 1471 and this number is increasing. In 2008 there were 3090 municipal sewage treatment plants. At present only at 72 sewage treatment plants, there biogas plants. Standard of 1 m3 of sediment (4 5% dry weight) can be obtained from 10 to 20 m3 of biogas containing 60% methane. With produced in 2008 in Poland, biogas from sewage treatment plants received 94.9 GWh of electricity and 733 TJ of heat.

6 Biogas potential in Sweden Figure presents biogas consumption in Sweden in The largest share of biogas 56% is consumed for heating, followed by biogas is used as a transport fuel 19%. Another 13% is incinerated in a flare, 8% of the biogas energy is used to produce electricity, while only 4% of the biogas is supplied to the gas distribution network. Total biogas production in Sweden was 1,2 TWh in This year the highest biogas yield was in waste water treatment plants 582 GWh, and also installations near landfills 342 GWh. Cofermentation instalations produced 184 GWh of energy, infrastructure instalations 91 GWh, and agricultural biogas plants only 14 GWh of energy.

7 Biogas potential in Sweden Figure presents biogas production in the distinction between raw materials. The biogas potential of about 14 TWh of producing 50% of crops, mainly biomass from fallow land, 18% from livestock manure, and in 7% of municipal waste, including 7% of sewage sludge and 18% from various other sources (industrial waste, garden waste, etc.). About 26 TWh is derived from biomass gasification of forest and agricultural production. The potential resources from the agricultural sector in Sweden is the crops, agricultural residues and animal wastes. In Sweden, biogas production potential from livestock manure is to 27 TWh/year.

8 Biogas potential in Sweden In Sweden, in the manufacture of heat and electricity burned about 50% of municipal waste, which are always sorted at source, in more or less efficient manner. Over 45% of the waste is recovered and recycled (paper, cardboard, metal, glass, plastic packaging, the fraction of biological, etc.). Only 4% is stored, primarily as fly ash from waste incineration plants. Every year in Sweden is burned about 4.5 mln Mg of municipal waste, which means that it receives every year about 13.6 TWh of electricity from waste (about 2.3 bln m3 of biogas), which corresponds to the annual consumption of heat in households and electricity houses. In 2006, Sweden produced tons of sewage sludge. From this it follows that the potential production of biogas from sewage sludge in Sweden in 2006 was about m3.

9 Biogas potential in Finland Number of biogas plants in Finland (2008) Figure shows the number of agricultural biogas plants, biogas from sewage treatment plants, biogas from municipal waste landfills, as well as the co fermentation installation in Finland in In 2005 Finland produced a total of about 145 mln m3 of biogas, from which used about 95 mln m3, In 2008, the amount of biogas produced per plant was 29,9 mln m³. The production of heat, electricity and mechanical energy was GWh

10 Biogas potential in Finland Figure presents production of biogas from different resources in Finland in 2008 (mln m3). Figure shows the biogas production in agricultural biogas, biogas from sewage treatment plants, biogas from municipal waste landfills, as well as the co fermentation installation in Finland in 2008 r. The total biogas production in 2008 in Finland was 142 mln m3, which enabled the production of 635 GWh. European indicative target for Finland for the production of energy from renewable sources by 2020 was set at 38%. In 2005, the share of renewables was 28.5% of primary energy consumption, corresponding to 380 TWh. At that time, the technical and economic potential of biogas production was estimated at 7 18 TWh of energy.

11 Biogas potential in Finland The heat production from biogas in Finland stood at GWh and electricity production of 56.6 GWh. Biogas to transport fuel processed equivalently was 410 MWh. The amount of energy produced in the process of biogas in the total amount of energy produced GWh represents less than 1% of energy produced from renewable energy sources in Finland. In 2008, the use of biogas produced stood at 72%, which was improvement on 2007 when it was used 69% of total biogas produced. In 2008, the amount of biogas combusted in a flare or a loss is 173 GWh. The potential of biomethane from energy crops without affecting food production was estimated at 6 TWh. In January 2011 there was only one installation of the production of biomethane Kalmari the farm in central Finland built in At the moment, this farm could produce enough biomethane to power about 200 vehicles. At the time of this study in Finland does not build any new installation of biogas purification.

12 Potential of biogas production of the BBB project countries Country Agriculture biogas Landfill biogas Biogas from wastewater treatment plants TOTAL [m 3 ] [m 3 ] [m 3 ] [m 3 ] Estonia 77, 2 mln 10, 4 mln 8,5 mln 96,1 mln Finland 1,014 bn 118 mln mln 1,18 bn Lithuania 540,8 mln 8,5 mln 23,7 mln 572,9 mln Latvia 111,8 mln 56,65 mln 10,8 mln 190 mln Germany 21,7 bn 1,9 bn 0,23 bn 23,8 bn Norway 0,54 mln 0,45 mln 0,04 mln 1,03 bn Poland 5,5 bn 33, 9 mln 96, 9 mln 6,8 22,8 bn Sweden 1,82 2,20 bn 0,24 0,29bn 0,34 0,41 bn 2,4 2,9 bn

13 Shares in potential of biogas production of the Baltic Sea countries Country Share of biogas from Share of landfill wastewater biogas treatment plants % % % % Share of agriculture biogas Current production/ potential ratio Estonia Finland Lithuania Latvia Germany Norway Poland > 0,5 Sweden Mean value *) *) When delete Latvia and Norway the shares will be: 84 %, 8 % and 8 %

14 Number of biogas plants in each country Estonia 3 Finland 58 Germany >2000 Norway 29 Lithuania 7 Latvia 7 Poland 148 Sweden 228 data from early 2011

15 Natural gas pipelines in BBB countries

16 Conslusions Biogas is used as an energy carrier, primarily for electricity generation and as to generate heat. In many landfills noted only partial use of biogas energy for their energy needs while useless burning of the biogas flares. Big potential of biogas production; increase of fossil fuels prices, those are chances to promote biomethane as source to propel internal combustion engines, especially to city buses. Natural gas pipeline system is a good way to distribute biomethane from producer to recipient. Using of existing pipeline decreases costs of biomethane transport. There is a need for incentives, especially programs for support poor refueling infrastructure for CNG and biomethane fuels for instance in Poland. We have to think about BIOGAS in terms of: climate change and carbon reduction targets. EU Biofuels Directive with targets for biofuels use in transport. EU Landfill Directive driving a reduction in organic waste going to landfill. EU animal by products directive restricting the landfill of animal waste or use in animal feeds. Local air quality management with the key issues being particulate and NOx emissions from transport.

17 Thank you for your attention