BTEC Level 3 in Sport. Assignment Brief. Unit 1 Principles of Anatomy and Physiology in Sport
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1 BTEC Level 3 in Sport
2 BTEC Level 3 in Sport In order to ensure that this resource offers high quality support for the associated BTEC qualification, it has been through a review process by the awarding body to confi rm that it fully covers the teaching and learning content of the specifi cation or part of a specifi cation at which it is aimed, and demonstrates an appropriate balance between the development of subject skills, knowledge and understanding, in addition to preparation for assessment. While the publishers have made every attempt to ensure that advice on the qualifi cation and its assessment is accurate, the offi cial specifi cation and associated assessment guidance materials are the only authoritative source of information and should always be referred to for definitive guidance. BTEC examiners have not contributed to any sections in this resource relevant to examination papers for which they have responsibility. No material from an endorsed resource will be used verbatim in any assessment set by BTEC/Edexcel. Endorsement of a resource does not mean that the resource is required to achieve this BTEC qualification, nor does it mean that it is the only suitable material available to support the qualification, and any resource lists produced by the awarding body shall include this and other appropriate resources.
3 Introduction The human body is made up of many different systems that work together and allow us to take part in a huge variety of sport and exercise activities. An athlete can go from rest to all-out sprinting in a matter of seconds, whereas an endurance athlete can continue exercising for many hours at a time. The skeletal and muscular systems work together to allow our bodies to perform a vast range of different movements. Our cardiovascular and respiratory systems act as a delivery service, working together to supply oxygen and nutrients to the body which in turn is used to produce energy for muscular contraction. In order to appreciate how each of these systems function, learners will study the structure of the skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The human anatomy of these systems is very different but in terms of operation, each system is implicitly linked. Having an understanding of these body systems is imperative in the sport and active leisure industries in order to begin to appreciate how the body functions and how it copes with the many different stresses of exercise. The unit starts by exploring the structure and function of the skeletal system, which includes the different bones of the skeleton and the different types of joints. The muscular system is then studied, including the major muscles of the body, muscle movement, the different types of muscle and muscle fibre types. The structure of the heart and blood vessels is covered, together with the function of the cardiovascular system. The unit goes on to explore the structure of the respiratory system and the function, including the mechanics of breathing. The final part of the unit explores the three different energy systems and the sports in which they are predominantly used. Grading Criteria P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2 describe the structure and function of the skeletal system describe the different classifications of joints identify the location of the major muscles in the human body describe the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system describe the structure and function of the respiratory system describe the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities. explain the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types explain the function of the cardiovascular system explain the function of the respiratory system explain the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities. analyse the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types analyse the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities. 3
4 Learning Outcomes and Criteria Targeted: Learning outcomes Learning Outcome 1 Know the structure and function of the skeletal system Learning Outcome 2 Know the structure and function of the muscular system Learning Outcome 3 Know the structure and function of the cardiovascular system Learning Outcome 4 Know the structure and function of the respiratory system Learning Outcome 5 Know the different types of energy systems. Grading criteria covered P1, P2 P3, P4, M1, D1 P5, M2 P6, M3 P7, M4, D2 Assignment 1 Tasks Grading criteria covered Task 1 Magazine article P1 Task 2 Fact file P2 Assignment 2 Tasks Grading criteria covered Task 3 Labelled image P3 Task 4 Talk plan P4, M1, D1 Assignment 3 Tasks Grading criteria covered Task 5 Wall chart P5, M2 Task 6 Hand-out P6, M3 Task 7 Presentation P7, M4, D2 4
5 Unit Content 1 Know the structure and function of the skeletal system Structure of skeletal system: axial skeleton; appendicular skeleton; types of bone (long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones); location of major bones (cranium, clavicle, ribs, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, vertebral column cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx) Function of skeletal system: support; protection; attachment for skeletal muscle; source of blood cell production; store of minerals Joints: fixed; slightly moveable; synovial/freely moveable (types, structures, movement at each joint) 2 Know the structure and function of the muscular system Muscular system: major muscles (biceps, triceps, deltoids, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, erector spinae, teres major, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, obliques, gluteus maximus); function; location; types of muscle (cardiac, skeletal, smooth) Function of the muscular system: movement antagonistic pairs (agonist, antagonist); fixator; synergist; types of contraction (isometric, concentric, eccentric, isokinetic) Fibre types: Type 1; Type 2a; Type 2b; characteristics; types of sports each are associated with 3 Know the structure and function of the cardiovascular system Structure of the cardiovascular system: heart (atria, ventricles, bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, aorta, vena cava superior and inferior, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery); blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venuoles) Function of the cardiovascular system: delivery of oxygen and nutrients; removal of waste products; thermoregulation (vasodilation and vasoconstriction of vessels); function of blood (oxygen transport, clotting, fighting infection) 5
6 Unit Content 4 Know the structure and function of the respiratory system Structure of the respiratory system: nasal cavity; epiglottis; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchus; bronchioles; lungs (lobes, pleural membrane, thoracic cavity, visceral pleura, pleural fluid, alveoli); diaphragm; intercostal muscles (external and internal) Function: gaseous exchange; mechanisms of breathing (inspiration and expiration); lung volumes, eg tidal volume, vital capacity, residual volume; control of breathing (neural and chemical) 5 Know the different types of energy systems Energy systems: phosphocreatine; lactic acid system; aerobic energy system; amount of ATP produced by each system; sports that use these systems to provide energy; recovery time 6
7 Assignment 1 Tasks T1 Task One: Magazine article P1 describe the structure and function of the skeletal system Scenario: You are a writer for a sports magazine. You have to produce an article on the importance of the skeletal system. Take care in planning your article, as there are numerous elements to cover: Your article should: Description of the function and structure of the appendicular skeleton Description of the function and structure of the axial skeleton Description of the function and structure of the different types of bone A labelled diagram, similar (if not the same) to the one provided. T2 Task Two: Fact file P2 describe the different classifications of joints Scenario: You have now been tasked with creating a fact file for your college s sports department s notice board. The fact file must describe the different classes of joint in the human body Your fact file should include: Description of the main categories of joint Description of the six different types of synovial joint 7
8 Assignment 2 Tasks T3 Task Three: Labelled image P3 identify the location of the major muscles in the human body You must: You must identify the location of the major muscles by labelling images of the human body both front and back. You can create this image yourself, or use the online resources to annotate the template. T4 Task Four: Talk plan P4 describe the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types M1 explain the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types D1 analyse the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types Scenario: It is your job to give a talk to a group of athletes who are preparing for an upcoming sporting event highlighting the workings of the muscular system. Your talk must inform the athletes about the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types. Produce a plan for your talk. 8
9 Assignment 3 Tasks T5 Task Five: Wall chart P5 describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system M2 explain the function of the cardiovascular system Scenario: You are working alongside the fitness trainers for your team and have been given the task of helping your team develop their knowledge of anatomy and physiology. Design a wall chart to inform the team of the cardiovascular system Your wall chart should include: A description of the structure of the cardiovascular system A description of the function of the cardiovascular system Explanation of the function of the cardiovascular system. T6 Task Six: Hand-out P6 describe the structure and function of the respiratory system M3 explain the function of the respiratory system Scenario: Following on from your work with the fitness trainers, you should now develop their knowledge of the respiratory system. Produce a hand-out for the team relating to the structure and function of the respiratory system. You should include: A description of the structure and function of the respiratory system An explanation of the function of the respiratory system 9
10 Assignment 3 Tasks continued T7 Task Seven: PowerPoint Presentation P7 M4 D2 describe the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities. explain the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities. analyse the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities. Scenario: As part of your work with the fitness instructors, you must now produce a PowerPoint Presentation on the three different energy systems. You must include: A description of the phosphocreatine, lactic acid and aerobic energy systems, and their use in sport and exercise activities An explanation of the phosphocreatine, lactic acid and aerobic energy systems, and their use in sport and exercise activities An analysis of the phosphocreatine, lactic acid and aerobic energy systems, and their use in sport and exercise activities 10
11 All the material in the publication is copyright. The Skills Network (2014) The Skills Network T:
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