Green Gases from Solid Biomass

Transcription

1 Green Gases from Solid Biomass How They Could Boost the Bioenergy Applications with a Decentralized Vision Marc Perrin, Olivier Guerrini, Guillaume Peureux, Julien Duclos, Yilmaz Kara, Bernard Marchand, Erwin George, Jerome Nguyen GDF SUEZ R&I Division - CRIGEN

2 GDF SUEZ Research and Innovation Division Key figures (2011) 9 research centers The skills of over 1,100 researchers and technicians GDF SUEZ Group: 97 billion in 2012 revenues employees throughout the world Present in the whole energy chain (gas, power, services to energy and environment) CRIGEN: the operational research and expertise center of GDF SUEZ Group dedicated to gas, new energies and emerging technologies. A budget of 222 million A portfolio of 3,200 patents 5 Corporate Programs Renewable energies CO2 capture and storage (CCS) Offshore LNG and future gas supply chains Tomorrow's cities and buildings Smart energy and environment

3 Biomass, is a renewable energy if In worldwide renewable primary energy consumption (13% in 2010), biomass represents the major contributor. Biomass represents a limited renewable feedstock that needs a sustainable approach. On the long run, biomass to energy conversion efficiency will be a key criteria for innovation in technology and conversion pathway development. In global carbon balance from well to wheel, raw biomass processing and transportation are often the main contributors. Therefore, decentralized biomass to energy schemes represent an opportunity and a challenge for industries

4 Green gases production routes Grid gas injection is not the only route for biomass to gaseous energy BioViVe Gasification Photrophic production Methanation from green electricity CO 2 savings Anaerobic Digestion Feedstocks Biogas Waste biomasses (municipal waste, ) 3G Biomethane 2G + services HP CHP Biosyngas for Industry Biomethane+ heat Ligno-cellulosic biomass (wood, straw, sludes.) Microalgaeswith on site production Timeline available Hydrogen & 4G methane Synthesis Green power (from off peak electricity, ) R&D effort to go to market 0 + /

5 Green gases production routes Combustion Heat (industry) Cogeneration Heat / Power / Biomethane Energy efficiency (net) CO 2 Electricity / heat / CHP generation Electricity / Heat η elec. ~ % / η global ~ %, (*) (annual efficiency) Biomass Wet Lignocellulosic (wood,,...) Gasification (thermo-chemical) Ashes syngas Fischer-Tropsch (catalytic) Methanation (catalytic) Heat 2G - Biodiesel η* process ~ % (reached on demo plants) Biomethane η* process* = 56 60% (reached on pilot scale, biomass moisture : 20 %) η process = 65 70% (targeted efficiency) Dry (municipal waste, manure...) Anaerobic digestion (biological) biogas Electricity / heat / CHP generation Biogas Upgrading Electricity / Heat η elec. ~ % / η global ~ %, (*) (annual efficiency) Biomethane η ~ 35 40% (reached on commercial plants) Technical challenges

6 An opportunity for Utilities Convert Biomass to Energy as close as possible to the feedstock: High efficiency CHP with Syngas Combustion Engine. Repotec Technology: Senden CHP Plant (Germany) 13 MW fuel, 4.9 MWe Xylowat Technology: CHP at Tournai (Belgium) 1.2 MW fuel, 0.3 MWe Syngas Firing into an industrial furnace for direct heating (glass, brick, ceramics, ) when no other renewable fuel solution is available. Decoupling of the biomass transformation location from the place of use by using existing natural gas grid to transport the woody natural gas, while keeping the wide range of natural gas applications (heating, cooling, power, vehicles).

7 BioViVe Project: from vineyard biomass to glass melting Goals and stakes Development of a BioSyngas Production Technology for Glass Melting Furnaces, Saint Gobain Verralia coordinated Project, supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR). Concept Produce a synthetic gaseous fuel coming from vineyards wood residues. Compatible with the glass melting process in substitution of natural gas Create a sustainable network for collecting vineyard waste wood in the Champagne vineyards area. Each year, ~100 GWh of vineyard biomass are burnt without valorization

8 BioViVe Project: from vineyard biomass to glass melting Progress Xylowatt gasifier (1 MW fuel) delivered at GDF SUEZ Research Center (St Denis, near Paris) Connection to a 2 MW Combustion Test Cell (Glass Furnace model), Combustion Tests made in Glass Melting Furnace conditions (1 000 C preheated air, C furnace temp.) with different fuel mix (natural and syngas) Natural gas 25% syngas 50% syngas Gasifier was transported to St Gobain Oiry site in Champagne Region and is being hooked up to the Industrial Glass Melting Furnace under operation.

9 Decentralized production of biomethane 2G A sustainable pathway with short supply radius and local heat valorization 1. Biomass supply Industry Biomethane Fuel 5. (optionnal) excess heat valorisation Sustainable collect Injection Odorization Counting Biomass Storage 4. Biomethane utilisations Natural Gas + Biomethane Electricity Connection to NG grid Upgrading gas process 3. Injection in the NG Grid Catalytic Methanation 2. Thermochemical conversion HEAT CHP Plant size target : 20 à 60 MW Biomethane kt biomass Enlarge feedstock base Opportunity to improve overall efficiency with valorization of excess heat from methanation

10 Decentralized production: first assessment 99% of the Technical Potential is available within a supply radius < 50 km Source : Etude Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ) GDF SUEZ

11 Biomass availability for biomethane production - BioSNG production potential From 100 to 250 TWh/y (8,6 16 MTOE) depending on scenario. NG consumption in France: 400 TWh/y. Availability (TWh/yr) Imports Food processing industry residues Wood wastes Agricultural residues Woody biomass 2 nd generation biosng production potential (TWhr/yr)n BioSNG potential from energy crops Study supported by GrDF and co-steered with ADEME and other Government Bodies

12 Decentralized Biomethane 2G (biosng) Heat Heat η E =56-72 % Biomass wood, straw Gasification 850 C Purification Catalytic methanation Syngas upgrading Biomethane Fuel CO + 3 H 2 CH 4 + H 2 O 1 t Wood * Yearly Natural growth on 100 sq.m2 η E > 80 % η E =80-85 % Biomethane, a technological choice for local and sustainable biomass development Very high energy yield: up to 72% Local biomass supply chain (smaller production units) enabling : Short transport of biomass, therefore reducing emissions; Local recovery of all heat produced by the process, which would be difficult for larger installations. Easy and clean transport of biomethane via the natural gas grid. η E = 56 % (demonstrated at pilot scale) LHV kw h /Nm 3 10,8 Wi kw h /Nm 3 14,3 d 0, m 3 Gaz Naturel «Vert» km 1

13 The GAYA Project Demonstrate at a pre-industrial scale the technical, economic, environmental and societal validity of gaseous biofuels by thermochemical production homdo architectes / illustration : archirendering A technology platform integrating industrial demonstrators : An integrated key tool for the development of the pathway accepting a wide range of biomass A "technological showcase to develop European leadership A 7-years and ambitious R&D project involving 11 partners industrial, technical centers, professional associations and academics On the whole chain - including all related aspects (waste, ) Pilot scale GAYA Project Flag Ship Industrial deployment

14 The GAYA Project Major topics Technological development of process block suited to an efficient and decentralized pathway Biomass pretreatment, wide range of biomass gasification Gas cleaning processes at low T Methanation (catalysts handling and optimization of formulae) Upgrading gas process with low electric consumption Gas and trace compounds analysis Overall LCA analysis Injection conditions in LP and HP grids Collaboration in an open GAYA platform R&D status R&D on Biomass part is in progress (feedstocks, volumes, optimized supply chain database and multi-path tool, ) Modelization of the gasification and methanation process are in progress and will provide innovations that will be tested on the plateform LCA and exergy integration studies are undergoing

15 Modelisation and CFD studies on gasification process Powerful tools to improve design and reliability Mixing model validated on an academic case Olivine injection and extraction Biomass injection sand biomass

16 Modelization and CFD studies on progress cells, 1s physics in 10h computation. In 3D simulation, a preferential stream on the right wall.. 3D simulation highlights char side dispersion at the biomass lance output. Rotational momentum created by the cone leads to a good mixing.

17 Modelization and CFD studies on progress Influence of biomass injection (geometry) on the hydrodynamic of a fast internal circulation fluidized bed gasifier

18 Conclusions Transformation of solid biomass into a renewable and combustible gas could be made into This multiple is Bullet forms. 1, Arial 24 pt. size. This is Bullet 2, Arial 20 pt. size. These gasification technology applications represents an opportunity for utility companies to green their customer s supply. Another Bullet 2. To use Bullet 2, click the right indent button in the toolbar. Biosyngas combustion is an available technologically, except for specific process as in the glass industry (technical developments before going to the market) The single-line headline is Arial Black, 28 pt. Bullet 1 text has 28 pt. line spacing. 2G Biomethane, a new grid gas, fully compatible with Natural Gas, represents a very high potential for replacing a significant part of grid gas by a renewable gas. Bullet 2 text has 22 pt. line spacing. BioSNG technologies well adapted to medium size plants (local resource, high yeld). To return to Bullet 1 text, click the left indent button in the toolbar. Still needs some R&D to improve and optimize the technologies: efficiency, biomass flexibility, production cost, (GAYA project) Five European Gas Transmission Operators (Gasunie in Netherlands, Energinet.dk in Denmark, Fluxys in Belgium, Swedegas in Sweden and GRTgaz in France) have taken a strong commitment to ease the development of a gas supply fully climate neutral by 2050

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