IEA Annex 51: Energy Efficient Communities German and international case studies. Reinhard Jank Volkswohnung GmbH, Karlsruhe

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1 IEA Annex 51: Energy Efficient Communities German and international case studies Reinhard Jank Volkswohnung GmbH, Karlsruhe Stuttgart, September 2010

2 Primary Energy Demand legal requirements Energy standards for buildings and technical development in Germany Demo-Projects EPBD Least energy buildings (2019) Source: Fraunhofer-IBP Source: R. Disch SolarCity Freiburg

3 CO 2 - decrease in German cities over 15 years (%) Freiburg Mannheim Mainz Heidelberg Münster

4 Neighborhood? Sub-urban residential area Inner-city mixed use Inner-city commercial district

5 /m 2.a 14 Kosten je m² Wfl [ /m² Wfl] PE-Bedarf je m² Wfl Maßnahmenkosten (Annuität) PE-Kosten Gesamtkosten kwhpe/m 2 Karlsruhe: VoWo building refurbishment program Conclusion: - below 50 kwh/m 2 heating demand: steep cost increase - additional improvements possible? energy supply system!

6 System boundary II (neighborhood energy plan) building System boundary I (integrated energy planning) energy transport energy supply - renewables - CHP - waste heat - waste incinerator - geothermal - technical equipment

7 Energy performance criteria for neighborhoods? (1) Low building energy demand (q H + q W ) [kwhth/m 2 ] (2) Energy efficiency of technical building equipment (e E ) [kwh EE /kwh (3) Quality of end-energy used (f ren ) [kwh ren /kwh EE ] ( ) e ( E 1 f ren ) e foss := q H + q W (kwh foss /m /m 2 ) e foss fossil energy performance number of neighborhoods foss

8 (1) Neighbourhoods Karlsruhe Rintheim: Future-Proof Neighbourhood Development - 0,25 km 2, residents flats in 36 buildings m 2 living area m 2 public/commercial area - construction years:

9 Annex 51 Case Study Rintheim (Karlsruhe)

10 Gemessener mittlerer spezif. Energieverbrauch: [kwh/(m 2 a)] (Heizung / WW) Spezif. Gasverbrauch (kwhhu/m 2 Wfl; Mittelwert über 4 Jahre) after retrofit 2008 Forststr. 7 Heilbronner Str. 1-3 Heilbronner Str Heilbronner Str. 5-7 Hirtenweg 8-10 Heilbronner Str Hirtenweg Mannheimer Str HH Heilbronner Str. 24 Hirtenweg Heilbronner Str Heilbronner Str Haid- u Neu Straße 72- Haid- u Neu Straße 80 Haid- u Neu Straße 64- Haid- u Neu Straße 68- Haid- u Neu Straße 76- Heilbronner Str. 17 Hirtenweg 6 Heilbronner Str Heilbronner Str Heilbronner Str. 20 a, b Heilbronner Str Heilbronner Str. 2-6 Forststr. 7 after retrofit 2008 year of construction: 1954/55, no retrofit, 4-5 floors, individual heating systems 1974, no retrofit, 12 floors, gas central heating 1954, partial retrofit, 4 floors, gas central heating 1956, partial retrofit, 9 floors, gas central heating 1955, refurbished, 4 floors, gas central heating, solar collectors for DHW 30 resid. buildings: - 16 not retrofitted - 7 partially retrofitted - 7 integrated retrofit

11 Rintheim DH development plan e PE = 0,39 kwh PE /kwh th PE PE th

12 4 line Liniendichte density Local DH supply Rintheim: Impact of energy conservation measures to distribution costs? MWh/m Heizbedarf (kehth/m2) heating demand (kwhth/m 2 ) spezif. specif. Wärmeverteilungskosten costs of heat distribution /MWhth heating Heizbedarf demand (kwhth/m2) 2 )

13 Reduction of Primary Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions after Completion of Case Study Rintheim > 80 % specific primary energy consumption and CO 2 -emissions, Rintheim before retrofit; gas after retrofit; gas after retrofit; DH kwhpe/m2 kg CO2/m2

14 akkum ulierter PE-Verbrauch specific accumulated primary energy consumption [MWh PE /m 2 ] PE 10 MWhPE / m2 Wfl LEB time of use (years) Lebensdauer (Jahre) Bestandsgeb. exist. bldg. LEB NEH Passivhaus PHB Local District heating Rintheim (e p = 0,39)

15 (2) Energy Efficient Cities

16 Long-term Urban Climate Change Action Plan: Example Freiburg Cost / mitigation-potential potential-curve: Photovoltaics Refurbishment (expensive) Freiburg 2003 ( inh.) Costs ( per Ton CO2) CHP "TREA" E-Saving in Industry Energy Mangmnt. CO 2 Reduction Potential (1'000Tons p.a.) Solar Collectors Low Energy Buildings Geothermal Energy Building Refurbishment Biomass Hydropower District Wood Pellets Condensing Electr. saving Cogeneration CHP "Rhodia" Heating Wind Energy Technology at Home -100 Units Heat Pumps entry into urban energy master planning

17 CO 2 emissions in Freiburg 2,500 BAU scenario 2,000 forecast 2003 mio. t CO2/a 1,500 1,000 new downtown DH monitoring new plan 1996 (-25%) cogeneration plant long-term target: - 40% until ,500 first energy monitoring 0, real/forecast 2003 Target (1996) real/forecast 2007

18 Long-term Urban Climate Change Action Plan Example Freiburg (2008) Long-term Scenarios, Targets Municipal energy policy approach in the City of Freiburg Municipality Climate Change Road Map Local Policy Municipality Support programs Neighborhood municipal Boundary Plans facilities conditions Energy Standards Land use planning Energy Master Plan Freiburg State, fed. Government, EU Support programs Investors (utilities, housing companies, developers ) Monitoring legal requirements

19 from planning to realization: a continuous process Energy Manager Monitoring Evaluation R&D, Transfer Learning Communication Transportation Industry Urban energy/co 2 Masterplan Implementation Strategy Residential Buildings, Neighborhood Plans Commercial Buildgs. Administration Buildgs. Feed-back Loop Building Refurbishment Demolition sewage treatment, green refuse recycling Waste Heat/ LowEx 3rd Party- Projects other renewable energies Pilot Projects Urban Conversion Projects Urban Renewal District Heating Biomass Projects New Green Areas

20 Energy-Efficient City... is attained by a combination of selected technologies that can be used in the specific local context to achieve the required level of energy consumption. energy efficient buildings fuel cells solar energy high efficient central plants wind geothermal heat pumps hydropower combined heat and power biomass waste heat energy storage optimized transportation economic efficiency by integrated system optimization Source: EnBW AG, Karlsruhe