Lessons learnt from the use of solid biom ass in Germ any -

Transcription

1 Energie Lessons learnt from the use of solid biom ass in Germ any - how can Bulgaria benefit Christian Leuchtw eis ( Physicist) C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. m ade- in- germ any.de

2 Content Lessons learnt from the use of solid biomass in Germany how can Bulgaria benefit C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. General Conditions Use of solid Biomass Markets and Economics Best Practice Prospects for Bulgaria

3 C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. Central Agricultural Raw material Marketing and development Network, Registered association, 70 members, 20 employees Founded in 1992 Coordination office for renewable resources in Bavaria Consulting, public relations and project management with regard to energetic and industrial use of biomass Project assessment and project evaluation for the Bavarian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Further information:

4 C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. BioEnergy-Projects (Subsidized) Approx. 300 heat plants 500 kw th. to 13 MW th. 13 wood-combined Heat and Power Plants 40 kw el. to 10 MW el. 6 vegetable oil - CHPs 5 kw el. to ca. 200 kw el. 6 Biogas - CHPs 15 kw el. to 250 kw el. 3 drying plants for animal food Heat Plants Wood-CHP Drying Plants Veg. Oil CHP X Biogas Plant

5 Content Lessons learnt from the use of solid biomass in Germany how can Bulgaria benefit C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. General Conditions Use of solid Biomass Markets and Economics Best Practice Prospects for Bulgaria

6 General Conditions Use of solid in European Union

7 General Conditions Use of Solid Biomass per Inhabitant Bulgaria / Germany

8 General Conditions Comparison Bulgaria Bavaria Surface Area 110,000 km 2 70,500 km 2 Inhabitants 7,600,000 12,500,000 Percentage of Forests 35 % 36 % Emblems

9 General Conditions Percentage of damaged Trees in European Countries Source: BFH

10 General Conditions Prices for Fuel Oil in EU (2/2010) Source: energy/observatory/

11 General Conditions 1st Quarter 2009 Source: energy/observatory/

12 Content Lessons learnt from the use of solid biomass in Germany how can Bulgaria benefit C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. General Conditions Use of solid Biomass Markets and Economics Best Practice Prospects for Bulgaria

13 Use of solid Biom ass Utilisation Paths > 10 kwel > 10 kwel > 10 kwel > 500 kwel > 20 kwth > 10 kwth > 30 kwth > 1500 kwth

14 Use of solid Biom ass - Types Traditional In Future? (Split-)Logs Wood-pellets Miscanthus Wood-chips Straw/Grains Short rotation wood

15 Use of solid Biom ass Technology What are Wood Pellets? Characteristics : Diameter : 6 oder 8 mm Length : 10 bis 40 mm Calorific value : app. 5 kwh/kg Density : 650 kg/m3 Ash content : < 0,5 % Compared to fuel oil: Residential building 150 m 2 Annual consumption: Liter fuel oil (cal.val.: 10 kwh/l) kg wood-pellets, 6 m 3 storage

16 Use of solid Biom ass Technology Log Wood Boilers and Stoves classical way of utilisation own fuel supply possible meanwhile high efficiency and low emissions wide spread but little market growth main obstacle: - no automatic fuel supply - manual operation requires regular personal attendance

17 Use of solid Biom ass Technology Wood Pellet Boilers spreading through Europe since the early nineties very high efficiency and very low emissions accelerated market growth since the mid nineties main advantages: - automatic fuel supply - requires little space for fuel storage - little ash residues

18 Use of solid Biom ass Technology Number of installed Pellet Boilers in Germany

19 Use of solid Biom ass Technology Wood Chip Boilers new developments since the early eighties high efficiency and low emissions considerable market growth since the early nineties main advantage: low fuel price main obstacle: high investment To gain a sufficient heat demand district heating networks are often necessary

20 Use of solid Biom ass Technology Wood Chip Boilers new developments since the early eighties high efficiency and low emissions considerable market growth since the early nineties main advantage: low fuel price main obstacle: high investment To gain a sufficient heat demand district heating networks are often necessary W ä r m e le i s t u n g ( k W )

21 30 kw 36 MWh/a 250 kw 500 MWh/a 80 kw 88 MWh/a Use of solid Biom ass Technology Density of Heat Demand for District Heating [MWh/(m*a)] Sum of annual heat demand of the consumers [MWh/a] devided by the length of the heat pipe [m] 5 m 15 m 35 m 45 m 20 kw 32 MWh/a 15 m 10 m 10 m 30 m 25 m 10 m 15 m 15 m 90 kw 100 MWh/a 25 kw 40 MWh/a 15 kw 24 MWh/a 150 kw 195 MWh/a 1007 MWh/a 230 m = 4,4 MWh/(m*a) Recommendation: at least 1,5 MWh/(m*a)

22 Use of solid Biom ass Technology Heat Losses vs. Density of Heat Demand Heat Losses % Density of Heat Demand [MWh/m/a]

23 Use of solid Biom ass Heat and Pow er Stage of Development theoretical studies laboratory plant, component tests pilot plant demonstration plant market readiness steam power process biogas (gas engine) ORC process v egetable oil-powered engine bioethanol engine gasification (engine) biogas (micro gas turbine) gasification (gas turbine) Stirling engine hot gas turbine biogas (fuel cell) gasification (fuel cell) methanol fuel cell

24 Use of solid Biom ass Heat and Pow er

25 Use of solid Biom ass Heat and Pow er

26 Use of solid Biom ass Heat and Pow er Number of Biomass CHP Plants in Germany Units Units Units

27 Content Lessons learnt from the use of solid biomass in Germany how can Bulgaria benefit C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. General Conditions Use of solid Biomass Markets and Economics Best Practice Prospects for Bulgaria

28 Markets and Econom ics Prices in Germ any Log wood < 20 /MWh to 40 /MWh Wood pellets 25 to 40 /MWh Residues 10 to 25 /MWh Energy plants Example short rotation poplar 30 /MWh

29 Markets and Econom ics Developm ent of Prices

30 Markets and Econom ics Germ an Markets Shares of Bio Energy Biomass (Heat) Total: 237,7 TWh Biomass (Electricity) Liquid Bio Fuels Photovoltaics Hydropower Geothermal Solar (thermal) Wind

31 Markets and Econom ics Germ an Markets Development Renewables - Heat Geothermal Solar(thermal) Biomass (Waste) Biomass Share of Biomass 94 %

32 Markets and Econom ics Germ an Markets Development Renewables Hydropower Photovoltaics Biomass Biomass (Waste) - Electricity Wind Power Share of Biomass 31 %

33 Markets and Econom ics Germ an Markets Consumption of Fuel Wood Other Total: 54,7 m 3 /a Units > 1 MW Private Consumption Units < 1 MW

34 Markets and Econom ics Econom ics ( Heat) Small Scale Unit Fuel oil Natural gas Split logs Wood chips Wood pellets Investment Grants * 1.360* 1.360* capitalbound costs (capital costs, maintenance) consumptionbound costs (fuel, electricity) /a /a operating and other costs /a Total costs per year /a Total costs per MWh /MWh Thermal output: 15 kw; heat demand: 20 MWh; calc. interest rate: 4% Fuel-prices: split logs 145 /t; wood chips 55 /t; wood pellets 190 /t ; fuel oil 0,60 /l; natural gas 0,061 /kwh * = minimal efficiency 88% (split logs) / 90% (wood chips and wood pellets)

35 Markets and Econom ics Econom ics ( Heat) Thermal output 200 kw; operation hours 1.800; energy demand 360 MWh/a; alc. Interest rate 4%; wood chips 50 /t; wood pellets 140 /t; fuel oil 0,45 /l

36 Markets and Econom ics Econom ics ( Heat) Large Sale: Sensitivity Analysis Change of heat costs in dependence of different parameters Example: Heat plant, 5 MW, 1,4 MW BM, MWh heat production, 96 % biofuel, 4 % fuel oil, 1,96 Mio. Invest 0 Change of heat costs [%] -0,1-0,2-0,3-0,4-0,5-0,6 Investment -1% Load +1% Biofuel costs -1% Financial grants +1% Interest rate -1% Personnel costs -1% -0,7 Heat sensitivity

37 Markets and Econom ics Econom ics ( Heat) Experiences (medium + large scale) manifold planning mistakes (e.g. size of building/storage, expected heat demand/heat losses) difficult customers: low heat demand, long term realisation need of quality control quality management QM Holzheizwerke developed in D, A and CH

38 Markets and Econom ics Econom ics ( Heat) Recommendations (medium + large scale) at least h full load for the biomass boiler more than 80 % heat production from biomass specific investment below 7,5 times the heat price minimal proportion of heat demand to pipe length: 1,5 MWh/(m*a)

39 Content Lessons learnt from the use of solid biomass in Germany how can Bulgaria benefit C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. General Conditions Use of solid Biomass Markets and Economics Best Practice Prospects for Bulgaria

40 Best Practice Biomass Heating Plant in Altdorf : Heat demand: MWh Wood Boiler : 850 kw th. Wood chips per year: tons Replaces litres fuel oil Clients: school buildings, gyms; public swimming pool intended Wood chip boiler Bunker

41 Best Practice ORC Cogeneration plant Sauerlach heat and power generation - electric output 480 kw(el) - two wood chip-fired boilers with 5 MW(th) - plant-oil boiler (peak load) 4 MW(th) - electricity : MWh/a; heat: MWh/a - fuel need amount: t/a utilisation of heat industrial area, housing estates, and communal buildings; load of the heat consumers 7.5 MW; pipeline length 16 km investment costs approx. 9 mio. Euro

42 Best Practice Picture: Bios

43 Best Practice Picture: Bios

44 Content Lessons learnt from the use of solid biomass in Germany how can Bulgaria benefit C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. General Conditions Use of solid Biomass Markets and Economics Best Practice Prospects for Bulgaria

45 Prospects for Bulgaria General Conditions in Bulgaria: Sufficient forest areas 36 % of total area Mixed Forest areas, many damaged trees => potential for wood fuel State owns most of the forests; number of private owners is just slowly growing; Infrastructure is not yet fully developed Economic Circumstances Mid level prices for natural gas High prices for fuel oil => economically very interesting Potential of timber harvesting is not utilised

46 Prospects for Bulgaria Biomass heating plants: For customers without gas supply and high demand for heat e. g.: hospitals, homes for the aged, public swimming pools, school buildings, gymnasiums, playschools, offices, town halls, monasteries, hotels and restaurants etc. the development of biomass heat plants should be proved! Combined heat and power plants (CHP) Success strongly depending on achievable prices for electricity + heat Should not be projected without heat sink or demand for steam nearby, for example: food industries (brewery, dairy, slaughterhouse, cannery etc.), dryers for animal food or timber industry and plants for pellet production

47 Prospects for Bulgaria Most important aims should be: Middle and large scale applications: Substitution of fuel oil and natural gas with local wood residues (sawdust, wood chips or bark originating from the forestry and timber industries ) Developing biomass heat and CHP plants next to heat sinks In small scale applications: Promotion of efficient stoves and boilers.. leading to economic and environmental benefit for Bulgaria.

48 Prospects for Bulgaria - Final Argum ents for Energy from Biom ass technically mature saving of fossil resources new market for otherwise unused fuels new operation field for companies reduced dependence on the fossil fuel market short transport distances regional added value and conservation of rural structures and employment reduction of CO 2 - emissions profitable and economic energy supply Source:

49 Lessons learnt from the use of solid biom ass in Germ any Christian Leuchtw eis ( Physicist) C.A.R.M.E.N. e.v. w w w.carm en- ev.de contact@carm en- ev.de