ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Of M/s. MARAM VENKA REDDY GRANITES HA COLOUR GRANITE MINING SY. NO. 103/P (USH-VEERLAKONDA) KONIDENA (V), BALLIKURAVA (M) PRAKASAM (DT), ANDHRA PRADESH Submitted by SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS BLOCK-B, B-1, IDA, AUTONAGAR -12 VISAKHAPATNAM, ANDHRA PRADESH QCI -151

2 INTRODUCTION This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared for the proposed M/s Maram Venka Reddy Granites, Mining of Colour Granite belonging to Sri Maram Venka Reddy, Proprietor, Reddy Street, Chimakurthy Village and Mandal, Prakasam District. M/s. Maram Venka Reddy Granites represented by Sri Maram Venka Reddy, Proprietor of the firm was granted Quarry Lease (QL) for Colour Granite over an extent of Ha in Sy.No. 103/P USH (Erlakonda) of Konidena Village, Ballikurava Mandal, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, for a period of 20 years, vides proceedings No /R3-2/2006 dated of the Director of Mines & Geology, Hyderabad and lease deed executed vide proceedings No. 4646/Q/2005 dated 22/12/2006 of the Asst. Director of Mines & Geology, Ongole for the period from 22/12/2006 to 21/12/2026 and the copies are enclosed. The Zonal Joint Director of Mines and Geology, Ongole has approved scheme of Mining vide letter No. 2082/DMP/OGL/2010 for the period from to and enclosed. M/s. Maram Venka Reddy Granites have approached Sri A. John Aloysius, Mining Engineer & RQP of M/s. LOTUS Enviro Mining Services, Ongole for preparing the 2 nd scheme of mining for the period to PROJECT PROPOSAL The proposed Mining is a open-cast semi-mechanized method by using hydraulic excavators, tippers, jack hammer drills. The blocks will be cut in conventional wire saw cutter and will be split. The larger blocks will further be reduced to smaller specified sizes with drilling. This Environmental Management Plan is prepared based on the scheme of Mining for Colour Granite. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY M/s. Maram Venka Reddy Granites, applied for Environmental Clearance for expansion of quarry lease covering total extent of Ha/5.13 Acres carried out by opencast semimechanized method spread over in Survey Nos. 103/P (USH-Veerlakonda) of Konidena village, Ballikurava Mandal, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh.

3 S.No Location Extent in Hectares Lease Period 1 Sy. No. 103/P (USH-Erlakonda) of Ha 20 Years Konidena(V),Ballikurava (M), Prakasam District. Govt. Land The Director of Mines & Geology granted vide proceedings No.31856/R3-2/2006, dt: the lease for 20 years in favour of M/s. Maram Venka Reddy Granites for a period of 20 years. Existing EC order No: SEIAA/AP/PKM-149/2013 Dt: Production capacity 1497 M 3 /Annum. Now proposing for expansion of production capacity will be M 3 /Annum. LOCATION OF THE MINE The applied area falls in the Survey of India Toposheet No. 65 D/4 and is located in East Longitude: 80 o and North Latitude: 16 o The lease area is situated at a distance of 3.50 kms due North West of Ballikurava. This area falls in North direction of Chennai Kolkata National Highway No: 5. Infrastructure & Communications Electricity is available in all the villages and in the nearby agricultural lands for bore wells. Tele Communication facility is available at the Konidena Village. State Transport Bus Services ply from Konidena & Martur/Addanki Mandal head quarter, frequently, Private Transport is also available on this road network. The perched ground water is available 7-8 M below ground level. The agricultural fields in the surrounds of the quarry lease hill are irrigated by ground water and NSP canal water. Primary & Upper primary School Education is available at Konidena Village. Higher Education is available at Ballikurava & Martur Towns. Registered Medical Practioner is available at Konidena Village, Ballikurava & Martur Towns is well placed for Doctors Nursing Homes & Hospitals.

4 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT Land The Colour Granite Mine covering in an area of Ha. Mining lease is granted for a period of 20 years. Land is located in Survey number 103/P (USH-Veerlakonda), Konidena Village, Ballikurava Mandal, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh. Location M/s. Maram Venka Reddy Granites Ha Mining of Colour Granite Konidena Village, Ballikurava Mandal, Prakasam Dt, A.P The present mining lease area falls in the Govt. land with documents at a distance of about 1.71 Km to Kondayapalem Village. Boundaries: By North By East By West By South Sy.No. 103/P USH Hill portion working QL Sy.No. 103/P USH Hill portion working QL Sy.No. 103/P USH Hill portion working QL Sy.No. 103/P USH Hill portion working QL Mines located around 500 Mtrs Lakshmi Granites at a distance of m Raghavendra Granites at a distance of m Maram Venka Reddy Granites other lease at a distance of m Kishore Granites at a distance of m Srinivasa Granites at a distance of m Srinivasa Granites other lease at a distance of m Ankamma Chowdary at a distance of m Mine Boundary Coordinates: S.No. Longitude Latitude o E 16 o N

5 2. 80 o E 16 o N o E 16 o N o E 16 o N o E 16 o N o E 16 o N The Salient Features of the proposed project Nature of the project M/s. Maram Venka Reddy Granites Mining of Colour Granite Size of the Project Maximum Cu.m/Annum LOCATION OF PROJECT District & State Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh Village & Mandal Konidena Village &Ballikurava Mandal Land Availability Ha Govt. Land Nearest Village Kondayapalem Village at 1.71 Km Ownership Govt. Land Toposheet No. 65 D/4 GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Annual rainfall 800 mm Min and max temp. 28 C and 47 C Avg. relative humidity 75% Predominant wind direction SW & NE HISTORICAL / IMPORTANT PLACES Nearest human settlement Kondayapalem village at 1.71 Kms Nearest town Chilkaluripeta at 17.0 kms Nearest railway station Narasaraopet Railway Station at 22.5 kms Archaeological/Historically Important No historical movements exist in and around the quarry Site lease proposed area. Infrastructure Facilities Hospitals, schools and community facilities are available at 1.7 Kms away from the mine site.

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8 DETAILS OF THE MINE Mine Area This mine lease (ML) area is located at Konidena Village, Ballikurava Mandal, Prakasam district, A.P. The mine site extends over an area of Ha. The Quarry lease area is located at a distance of about 1.71 Km from Kondayapalem Village. GEOLOGICAL RESERVES: Now the deposit was estimated afresh through cross sectional method. The reserves estimated were through three cross sections A-A to C-C, which were drawn at reasonable distance perpendicular to the strike direction of the dyke. The proved reserves were taken up to ground level i.e. above RL 200m from the top of the elevated portion RL 250 M. Details of different category of reserves: GEOLOGICAL RESERVES PROVED RESERVES Name of SECTIONAL Saleable Granite Section Area in M2 Influence in M In situ Rock Mass in Cbm 25% A-A B-B C-C TOTAL PROVED RESERVES PROBABLE RESERVES Name of SECTIONAL Saleable Granite Section Area in M2 Influence in M In situ Rock Mass in Cbm 25% A-A B-B C-C TOTAL PROBABLE RESERVES TOTAL RESERVES

9 These lease is operating since 2004 and old production details and other records are not available. The previous scheme of mining period production achieved details. The salable proved granite reserves are calculated by taking consideration of the following factors. Proved rock mass arrived by taking each cross sectional area up to the maximum height of pit (i.e. above RL 200m) multiplied by sectional influence Proved salable granite reserves arrived by taking percentage of recovery from the available proved mass. Net probable reserves arrived by taking each cross sectional area 10 meters depth (RL 200 M to RL 190 M) multiplied by the sectional influence and recovery percentage. CATEGORISATION OF RESERVES UNDER UNFC CODE S.No. Category of Reserves UNFC Code Reserves in M3 1 Available salable proved Probable TOTAL For the probable reserves the Economic Axis is taken as 1 since the operations are fairly economical for mining. The feasibility axis is taken as 1 since the operations until now indicate further feasibility of operations in safe and technical way. The geological axis taken as 2 since the estimate of the geological feasibility of the material is from the history of operations and the visible indicators. Mineable Reserves and Life of the Mine: Mineable Reserves: These are the reserves that can actually be mined. These can be computed after deducting the quantities of material that should be left out for safety of the mine that is to maintain 60 o final pit limit line.

10 MINEABLE RESERVES PROVED RESERVES MINEABLE Section Sectional In situ Rock Mass in Cbm Anticipated salable Anticipated Granite waste 25% recovery Area in M 2 Influence in M In Cbm In Cbm In Cbm A-A B-B C-C TOTAL PROBABLE RESERVES MINEABLE A-A B-B C-C TOTAL TOTAL MINEABLE RESERVES Life of the Quarry S.No. Particulars Mass (M 3 ) Salable Reserves M 3 1 Total recoverable and salable Proved Reserves up to RL 200M 2 Probable reserves remain 25% of recovery Total Life of the M 3 of recoverable quantity per annum Years Say 12 Years

11 Reserves Depleted Saleable Production achieved during the scheme period = M 3 Saleable Reserves available for mining = M 3 Additional Reserves established category wise (with basis & parameter considered) Based on the Rock characteristics, the visual indicators and the extent of deposit of the present quarry, the additional reserves estimated. Please note that the reserves calculated are as per the slice plans prepared between the slices 100 RL and 90RL. Slice area RL Quantities Area of slice 200 in M Area of slice 190 in M Average of both areas M Depth considered meters 10 Volume gross M Volume recoverable M Life of the Mine = (Total Mineable Proved & Probable Reserves)/Avg. Annual Production = ( ) M 3 / (13116) M 3 = Years, say 12 years CONCEPTUAL MINING PLAN The firm has initiated the mining operations during The total lease area is Ha. The areas mineable are Ha. The depth to which the pit is developed is upto RL 203m, the top RL being 250 meters and ABM RL M at boundary pillar. Land Use Pattern of the mine area during the next 5 years will be as follows: Area Hectares Active Mine Area Broken To be broken Already broken area will be

12 extended depth wise, 20 m surface lateral development towards west side Area for infrastructure, green belt, buffer area and other utilities TOTAL MINE LEASE AREA Status of Mine Working in respect of Scheme of Mining (Review) Mining of the color granite has been in progress since 2006 in a systematic and approved manner. A result of it is the present developed pits in operations. The mass is being cut in the conventional manner with the help of wire saw machine with diamond wire rope, and slotter. Explosives are being used very limited manner for removal of OB only. Excessive use is technically harmful for dimension stone industry. Once the wire saw machine makes basic cuts, the huge mass is further made in to measurable blocks by drilling long vertical jack hammer holes, and filling them with Agfract a harmless chemical/gunpowder/detonating cord, which on loading/firing, the splits in blocks along the line of drilling. The loosened rock mass was dislodged with the help of excavator/loaders. The bench movement was from North to South and East to West directions as approved. Mining work in this leasehold was being carried out by conventional opencast methods with the combination of Wire saw machines and diamond ropes. This separates the premarked blocks from in-situ mass. DTH drills and jack hammers/hydraulic drills were in common use for drilling for separation of sub-mass into small blocks. Loading of rock mass was being done by hydraulic excavators into dumpers which have to transport the waste rock to dumping yard and the blocks were hauled to the dressing yard by dumpers/loaders. Year wise production of Color Granite achieved during the Mining Scheme period: The mining operations commenced from The production achieved during the 1 st Scheme period is Cbm as on 28/02/2015.

13 Mining Carried Out: 75% of the lease area covering about 1.50 Ha by the pit to a maximum depth of 10 M benches from the top surface RL M and bottom RL (ABM-RL M). The mining is carried in Semi Mechanization and obtained required permission from the concern Department vide permission No. HR2/SCZ/106(2)(b)/ , Hyderabad dated: 07/04/2014 for utilizing HEMM & deep hole drilling and blasting in mines under Reg. 106(2)(b) of MMR The blocks obtained from mine are dressed and marketed. PRODUCTION & DISPATCHES DURING THE APPROVED MINING SCHEME PERIOD FROM to Year Approved quantity in Mining Scheme Dispatches (M 3 ) Up to /02/2015 TOTAL Year wise Development Plan as per the Approved Mining Scheme ( to ) Production Exploitation method Afforestation Approved Scheme of Mining Target Achieved The annual production for color Granite M 3 of production was planned as given for the respective was achieved. years. As per the approved mining plan, mining The exploitation was carried work was to be carried out by semi out as proposed in the mechanized open pit method. Approved Mining scheme. The benches were proposed from South North. The green belt will be developed around Developed within the lease

14 Reclamation & Rehabitation Control of Dust, Noise & Ground Vibrations the office and approach roads. No proposal of the back filling of the pit was envisaged. Dust suppression on the roads by water sprinkling was proposed and also providing respirators. area NA Dust suppression on the roads by water sprinkling was carried out with water tankers. The PPE were issued to the labour to protect them from dust and noise. There are two dedicated water tankers with sprinkler systems. YEAR WISE DEVELOPMENT The firm envisages extracting the color granite production to the tune of M 3 during the next five years of the scheme of Mining period from to During the scheme period it is proposed to exploit the colour granite from the existing pit area with an average bench height of 6-10 M along the sections A-A, B-B & C-C. The workings advance from North to South direction. Development: The workings advance from North to South direction shown in plate No: 5 & 5A to 5E. West side development in the surface lateral direction is envisaged during the scheme period. Year wise production: Year wise production envisaged for the next five years ( to ) is given in the table. The year wise working plan for the production envisaged is depicted on Plate No. 5&5A to 5E.

15 First Year ( ): During the 1 st year mining will be carried out within the pit in between the all the sections A- A to C-C covering in situ volume of M 3 with an average bench of 6 to 10 M height. The recovery of saleable material from the above volume is envisaged to be 8088 M 25% recovery. The remaining M 3 of in-situ material will be dumped is waste dump. Second Year ( ): During the 2 nd year mining will be carried out within the pit in between the all the sections A-A to C-C covering in situ volume of 37151M 3 with an average bench of 6 to 10 M height. The recovery of saleable material from the above volume is envisaged to be 9288 M 25% recovery. The remaining M 3 of in-situ material will be dumped is waste dump. Third Year ( ): During the 3 rd year mining will be carried out within the pit in between the all the sections A- A to C-C covering in situ volume of 45270M 3 with an average bench of 6 to 10 M height. The recovery of saleable material from the above volume is envisaged to be M 25% recovery. The remaining M 3 of in-situ material will be dumped is waste dump. Fourth Year ( ): During the 4 th year mining will be carried out within the pit in between the all the sections A- A to C-C covering in situ volume of M 3 with an average bench of 6 to 10 M height. The recovery of saleable material from the above volume is envisaged to be M 25% recovery. The remaining M 3 of in-situ material will be dumped is waste dump. Fifth Year ( ): During the 5 th year mining will be carried out within the pit in between the all the sections A- A to C-C covering in situ volume of M 3 with an average bench of 6 to 10 M height. The recovery of saleable material from the above volume is envisaged to be M 25% recovery. The remaining M 3 of in-situ material will be dumped is waste dump.

16 LIST OF MACHINERY: S.No. Name of the machinery Bucket No s Capacity 1. Hydraulic Excavator 1.5 M Dumpers 35/40 MT 2 3. Compressor 600 CFT 3 4. Generators 180 KVA 1 5. Wire saw & Slotter sets 3 6. Jack Hammers Water Tanker 1 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL: The human resources deployed are as follows: S.No. Designation Staff 1. Mines Manager 1 2. Mine Foreman 1 3. Engineers 1 4. Mine Mate 2 5. Mine Supervisors 2 6. Dumper operators 2 7. Wire saw/slotter operators 4 8. Compressor Operators 1 9. Mechanics/Welders etc Helpers Semi Skilled Workers 18 TOTAL 37 Nos.

17 FRESH WATER REQUIREMENT & WASTE WATER GENERATION S.No Description Fresh water Waste water Disposal 1. Domestic 1.7 KLD 1.36 KLD Septic tank 2. Wire saw cutting cooling 5.0 KLD -- followed by soak water pit 3. Green belt 2.0 KLD Dust suppression 3.0 KLD -- MANAGEMENT OF OVER BURDEN Solid Waste : Granite waste temporarily will be dumped on the existing waste dumps located within the lease area and in Sy.No. 1009/P over a n extent of 2.0 Acres patta land of the lessee adjacent to lease and about 70% of the will be disposed for civil construction works after obtaining prior permission from concern Authority. Rate of Yearly Generation of Waste during the scheme period: Estimated generated waste quantity during this scheme period will be M 3. Year Solid waste CBM TOTAL

18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental Management Plan envisage for this Mining Project is described here under with a strong commitment to follow the best Environmental Practices to reduce the negative implication to make this Project a sustainable development endeavor. The management action plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures before they are discharge. Air Environment and control measures: The proposed mining activity would result in the increase of suspended particulate matter due to fugitive dust resulting from mining operations and transportation activities. Wet drilling will be adopted to suppress the dust generated during drilling and blasting. This water will also aid in cooling the drill bits it will be re-circulated. Dust emissions and particulate emissions mitigation measures will be through water spraying at all the sources of dust formation and these measures are further elaborated as follows: Dust rising due to drilling will be controlled by covering the drill rods with cloth; dust extractors will also be employed. Regular water sprinkling at dust emanating sources viz., drilling, storage dumps and transportation through haulage roads, etc will be carried out. Regular grading of haul roads and service roads will be taken up to clear accumulation of loose material. Periodic maintenance of transport vehicles and equipment will be carried out to check emission levels. Greenbelt will be developed with avenue plantation all along the haulage roads and peripheral plantation all around the mine in order to control dust. Overloading of trucks will be avoided and carrying the ore/mineral in covered trucks will be taken-up to minimize pollution levels. Water will be sprayed on haul roads for minimization of resuspension of dust due to transportation.

19 Water Pollution Management: No rivers and other perennial water courses flow through the ML area. However, during rains the water flows through the slopes of the ML area and across the mine lease boundary and joins a natural drainage. The rainwater that collects in the mine pit bottom during the rainy season will be utilized for water spraying on the haul roads and mining area. This water will also be used for the plantation in and around the Mine Lease area. The total water requirement will be 11.7 KLD which will be utilized from nearby bore well and treated water from septic tank. The usage will be as follows: Spraying/Sprinkling on dumps, haulage roads 3.0 KLD. Wire saw cutting cooling water KLD Plantation KLD. Domestic Use KLD. The following that flows in the core zone will be routed adequately through channels to avoid any erosion and contamination. The mine pit water collected due to rains will be utilized for water spraying on the haul roads and for watering plantation. The waste water generated from the domestic usage will be fed to septic tank followed by soak pit. Noise Environment: There will be intermittent noise levels during blasting and while usage of jack hammer. The noise levels are expected to be below 75dB, but the blasting activity is expected to alleviate noise levels. This will however be for very short duration. No mining activities are planned during night time. A thick green belt will be developed to act as noise attenuator. The management plan for controlling noise pollution is envisaged as follows. The noise generated is very much minimum as the Colour Granite quarries is majority of manual and minimum Vehicular Traffic. The machinery will be maintained properly to reduce the noise levels. The protective noise reducing gear like earmuffs, the company will provide earplugs.

20 Proper maintenance of equipment. Machinery will be fitted with properly designed noise generating acoustic silencers. Providing noise insulation/padding wherever practicable. Proper maintenance and periodic lubrication of noise generating parts of the machines Provision of thick plantation in and around the mine is planned in order to reduce the noise and prevent it from reaching to surrounding habitation areas. During blasting proper blast pattern is adopted. Latest technology of delay blasting will be adopted to reduce the impact on the ground vibrations and noise generation during blasting operations. SOLID WASTE The granite body exposed to the surface as hill form. Hence, the weathering on the surface of the rock with closely spaced joints and shear lines along the inherent defects like moles, dark patches and acidic veins contribute a large extent of waste generation during the mining. It is estimated that in the first five years a total of CBM of waste is expected to be generated. GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT The development of greenbelt in the peripheral buffer zone of the mine lease area will be undertaken well before the starting of the mining activity. Green Belt has been recommended as one of the major component of Environmental Management Plan, which will improve ecology, environment and quality of the surrounding area. Plantation will be done along the haulage roads and the unused area in the ML area will be developed with green cover. Suitable advice on this plantation activity will be consulted with the local Forest Department along with measures to ensure good survival rate. Concepts of Green Belt Development The concepts of Green Belt Plantation scheme are 1. Nature of Pollutants 2. Emission Levels 3. Maximum Impact zone

21 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SPECIES Species to be selected should fulfill the following specific requirements of the area - Availability of seed material - Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adapts ability to ecophysiological conditions. - Rapid growth - Capacity to endure water stress and climatic extremes after initial establishment - Differences in height, growth habits - Pleasing appearance - Providing shade - Ability of fixing atmospheric Nitrogen - Improving waste lands DESIGN OF GREEN DEVELOPMENT The greenbelt shall be developed around the plant to act as a sink for pollutants, attenuation of noise levels and improvement in aesthetic quality of the plant. The following criteria shall be adopted in the design of greenbelt: 1. Generally fast growing trees should be planted as otherwise it will take many years for other types of trees to attain their full height. 2. Trees will be planted along the road side in such a way that there is no direct line of sight when viewed from appoint outside the foliage perimeter. 3. Trees growing up to 10 m or more in height with thick perennial foliage should be planted around the plant. 4. Sensitive species such as magnifier indica should be planted in patches along the entire greenbelt to work as an indicator of pollution. 5. Trees shall be planted staggeredly in each row (minimum three rows encircling the perimeter of the plant). 6. Tree trunk being free foliage up to a height of 2 to 3 m, it is advisable to grow shrubs in front of trees to give coverage to the open portion. 7. Greenbelt will be developed all around the plant area with a width of 10 m. 8. Greenbelt will be developed around the plant except wherever buildings and other structures. 9. Local Plant species will used for development of green belt.

22 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT This mining project will contribute in the development of economic status of the region and indirectly provide a platform for many businesses; both on small and big scale. These include direct employment and indirect employment in transportation, vehicle/equipment maintenance etc. The company management would give preference to local people through both direct and indirect employment. There will be generation of indirect employment due to the proposed activity like transportation etc. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT Complete evacuation of the mining area at the time of blasting will be followed strictly. The proponent will provide all necessary provisions stipulated under the Factories Act and mines act. In addition a safety committee will be formed and manned by equal participants from Management and Workers. The management firmly believes in the concept of safety and environmentally sustainable growth. The authorities and staff are very much concern in Environment issues. The management is going to develop scientifically designed green belt around the premises to mitigate air and noise pollution impacts on the surroundings. The management proposed to monitor ambient air as per APPCB guidelines. All the employees are provided with personal protective equipment such as helmets, hand gloves, safety shoes, goggles and apron as per their place of work. The management will provide safety training to all employees periodically and regularly. POST PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of various environmental components is necessary. The mines manager will take care of Environmental Management activities with objectives as To implement control/mitigation measures To monitor this implementation process

23 To determine and improve the efficiency of the implemented measures To identify any other unforeseen effect on environment not covered hereby and To inspect and maintain the plantation survival rate, regular cleaning drains, channels and water logged ponds and improve the drainage system and retaining walls over certain timelines. Regular training will be given to mine workers as per DGMS rules. Regular monitoring of various environmental parameters shall be carried out through third party to ascertain the following points: Status of air, noise, water, land pollution within the plant and in its vicinity; Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution; and To assess and monitor environmental impacts periodically. The frequency of monitoring will be done as per norms. PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COS7T ESTIMATES: The envisaged maximum annual production of Colour Granite in a year is estimated to be M 3. The cost of the project: 1.5 Crores The cost estimated for Environmental Monitoring is Rs Lakhs CONCLUSIONS The land that is going to be disturbed cannot be reclaimed during the lease period, as the Colour Granite is persisting at further depth and it will take a very long time to exhaust. No measures are proposed for reclamation of the disturbed land during the next five years. There is no other significant negative impacts are anticipated as the involved mining activities are very small. All possible measures shall be adopted to control pollution emissions to the minimum and kept below CPCB/MoEF/SPCB standard norms (Air, water, noise standard limits).