Environment Impact Assessment study:

Transcription

1 (A) Environment Impact Assessment study: 1. Pollution Potential: Air Emission: Dust Emission during Mining, Transportation & Crushing of the Stones which will be controlled by water sprinkling and development of Greenbelt area. Industrial Water Pollution: Nil. Hazardous Wastes Generation: MT / Annum Used Oil generation. 2. Anticipated impact based on project operations on receiving Environment 2.1 Population: Pali village is within 500 meters and Mining area is very small. Therefore, very negligible impact will arise due to air pollution on population. 2.2 Flora and Fauna: No endangered Spp. Or forest within 10 KM radius. Surrounding land is wasteland. No farming in the surrounding. Very negligible impact on flora & fauna. 2.3 Water: Water Consumption Wastewater Generation Rain Water Harvesting Water Consumption: Fresh water requirement will be 2,000 L/Day for the proposed project. Out of this 500 L/Day will be used for domestic purpose, 500 L/Day for Greenbelt Development purpose and 1,000 L/Day for Dust Control Water Sprinkler. The detail breakup of the water consumption is given hereunder in Table: Table : Break up for fresh Water Consumption Purpose Water Consumption Sr.No. Quantity L/Day 1. Domestic Green Belt Development 500

2 3. Water Sprinkler 1,000 Total (1+2+3) 2,000 Water Source: Domestic : Borewell Waste water generation: The total wastewater generation will be 500 L/Day from the proposed project. Details of the same are provided hereunder in Table: Table: Break up waste Water generation Purpose Water Consumption Sr.No Quantity L/Day 1. Domestic Green Belt Development APCM (Water Sprinkler) 1000 Total (1+2+3) 2000 * Disposal to soak pit through septic tank. Sprinkled water will be evaporated in atmosphere in short time and it contains same soil dust of the existing land. Therefore, it is not polluted water. Water Balance Diagram (All figures are in L/Day) Water 2,000 Evaporation Loss Domestic 500 Greenbelt Development 500 APCM 1,000 To Soak Pit (500) 2

3 2.3.3 Rain Water Harvesting : 2.4 Air: As the water is the basic natural resources and towards the step to resource conservation, rain water harvesting system is integrated in the project. Quarry rain water will be percolate from the sides and the balance collected rain water will be lifted-out and storage at storage tank for water sprinkling and greenbelt development. The impact on the air quality is divided in to two categories: A. Impact on air quality during construction phase. B. Impact on air quality during operation phase. A. Impact on Air Quality during Construction Phase: Minimum amount of air pollution will occur due to fly dust during construction of buildings. B. Impact on Air Quality during Operation Phase: Sources of Air Pollution Dust generation during Mining, Transportation and Crushing of Stones. Impact on Environment Minor increase of particulate matters in local environment. (B) Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures The proposed unit will provide adequate Environment Management Plan to assure the regular and efficient working / operation of the same. The details of Environment Plan are described here under. Objectives: Regular and efficient working of the Operation with acceptable minimum Environmental Impact. To conserve the environment. To check and maintain the record of the environmental parameters for the further improvement of the process and environment. 3

4 To comply with the Act, Rules, Notifications directly applicable to the Environment Management. a. Wastewater Treatment System and Disposal : A) Domestic Wastewater: The generated 500 L/Day of domestic waste water will be drained in to the Soak pit through septic tank. B) Industrial Wastewater: No industrial waste water will be generated from process as well as ancillary operations. Surface : 1. Garland drain around quarry excavations shall be constructed. 2. OBD tops shall be dressed in to a shallow saucer shape 3. Contour drains along slope of OBD dumps shall be constructed. 4. OBD run offs shall be de-silted through setting tanks before discharge in to natural streams, lakes or any other water body. b. Air Pollution Control Measures : A. Air pollution Control Measures during Construction Phases: Minimum amount of air pollution will occur due to fly dust during construction of building which will be controlled by water sprinkling. Impact is Temporary and Short Term in nature. B. Air pollution Control Measures during operation Phases: Sources of Air Pollution Dust generation during Mining, Transportation and Crushing of Stones. Impact on Environment: Minor increase of particulate matters in local environment. Control Measures: Hood cover will be provided to control dust emission and collect dust particle at Crushing Plant with adequate barrier at boundary of the Crusher Plant. Sprinkling of water at Mining area, Transportation and Crushing Plant. 4

5 Adequate plantation will be provide to prevent dust dispersion. Drilling : 1. Drilling machine shall fitted with dust suppression, collection and disposal arrangement. 2. Deep wetting of drilling zones shall be done by water sprinkling before starting drilling. 3. During the drilling operations the efforts shall be made to reduce dust generation by talking appropriate measures. Blasting 1. Proper blasting whole shall be designed. 2. Blast site shall be wetted before and after blasting operation are completed. 3. Only optimum quantity of permissible explosives shall be used so that the vibrations do not damage the structures/houses if the quarrying operations are close to human habitation. 4. Blasting shall be conducted only during favorable weather conditions and only during the day time and permissible hours. 5. The blasting operations shall be given publicity in the local area through Pali and other available media so that local people become aware of the blasting activities being undertaken in the area. 6. The vibrations should be monitored periodically in consultation with the local Mining authorities. 7. The storage of the explosives and its transfer to and from the quarry area shall be strictly in accordance with the conditions listed in the permission granted by Explosives Department. Heavy Earth moving Machinery (HEMM) : 1. The operator/ transporter shall carry out regular maintenance of the machinery and vehicles. 2. The speed limit shall be adhered strictly. 3. Operator s cabin of the HEMMs should preferably be air conditioned at least air tight. 4. The smoke emission should conform to the standards notified in Motor Vehicle Act. 5. The trucks carrying the mined products shall be covered with tarpaulin so that there are no fugitive emissions during transportation. 5

6 6. The transportation should not through the busy roads in the city/towns/villages if by pass roads are available. Haul roads: 1. All the haul and service road shall be mettled and well maintained. 2. Unmettled haul road shall be free of ruts and pot holes. 3. All haul roads and surface roads shall be regularly sprayed with water. 4. Plantation alongside haul roads (avenue plantation) shall be carried out done. 5. Mined material receiving pits are shall be located closed to the quarry to reduce the haul length of the dumper. Overburden: 1. Non-operative dumps shall be subjected to technical and biological reclamation. 2. Plantation over and around over burden dumps shall be carried out to ensure stability of slopes, prevention of dust by wind action and soil erosion during the run off. 3. Wetting of surface of O.B. dump shall be regularly practiced. 3.3 Noise Control Measures : There are few potential sources such as Blasting, Pump Operation, Vehicular Movement, Crushing of Stone, etc. which would generate noise. Proper maintenance of all the equipments will be taken. Adequate encloser of stone crushing machine will be provided as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) like: ear muffs/earplugs shall be given to workers during working. Blasting: 1. Care will be taken while charging blast holes. 2. No blasting shall be done when there is low cloud ceiling. 3. Millisecond delayed detonation to be used. 4. All other guidelines of the Explosives department and Mining Department regarding blasting operations shall be strictly adhered to. 6

7 Drilling: 1. The workers shall be provided appropriate personal protective equipment viz. ear mufflers/ ear plug or noise proof cabins. Heavy earth moving machinery (HEMM): 1. The engine exhausts of HEMM to be fitted with mufflers and cabins shall be noise proof. 2. HEMM shall be properly maintained. 3. Operators shall be provided with ear mufflers/ear plugs. 4. Imposition of speed restriction of HEMM near residential area shall be enforced. 5. The haulage path of the HEMM shall be re-routed so that it is away from the residential area. 3.4 Solid/Hazardous Wastes Management System Table : Details of Hazardous Wastes: Sr.No Type of Hazardous Waste Category Quantity MT/Annum Disposal Method 1. Used oil Collection, storage, Transportation and Disposal by selling to registered recyclers or reused as lubricant within the premises. The unit will also provide adequate Hazardous waste Storage Area of 5 m Greenbelt Development In order to mitigate the air pollutants and to attenuate the noise generated by the plant and also improving the ecology and aesthetics of the area, the unit will develop greenbelt area on the periphery of lease area. 3.6 Environment Management Cell: 7

8 The proposed unit will provide/prepare an adequate Environmental Management Cell to assure the regular and efficient working/operation as given here below. Lease Holder Machine Operator Helper / Labour 3.7 Hazards and Safety Measures: All the personnel at the plant will be made aware about the operation hazards and risk associated with them. Safe work practices will be adopted to ensure the control of hazards during operation and maintenance. The workers will be made aware about the hazards associated with manual handling and operation. Safety measures in the form of Do and Don t Do will be displayed at strategic locations especially in local language. Good housekeeping will be maintained in the Mining area. The required PPEs for each area/operation should be identified and the necessary PPEs, like, helmets, goggles, hand gloves, mask, suit, safety belts, ear muff and plug, etc. will be provided to the personnel. The plant will check and ensure that all instruments provided in the plant are in good condition and documented. First Aid box will be provided within the plant. List of important telephone numbers will be displayed at prominent location in the plant. 8

9 All the accidents and incidents if any will be recorded, investigated and analysed in the proposed plant. Safety awareness programmes and training of the worker will be carried out to motivate the workers to increase the safety level at personal level. Occupational Health Aspect : As per govt. standard all facilities will be provided. Safety Precautions : Adequate fencing would be provided against protection of human beings and animals in deep pit of mine /Quarry Mining Safety Guide: Company will follow the below guidelines during Mining Activity: Area wise hazards: 1. Bulk storage of raw material Hazard of dust 2. Crusher plant-dust emission, Noise generation 3. Mixtures and drives-crush injuries 4. Loading and unloading-dust 5. Transportation-Air pollution because of fossil fuel combustion and dust emission too. 6. Drilling-Dust emission 7. Blasting-Hazardous gas generation, Noise and Vibration General Considerations: 1. Adequate lighting, 2. Ventilation to supply fresh air, 3. Electricity, 4. Dust control i.e. Controlling dust within safe limits, Rock dust containing silica and quartz may cause silicosis. It is advisable to use Electrostatic filters to reduce air pollution. 5. Continuous safety of people at work, 6. Survey of hazards of fall of persons, soil, material, etc. 7. Warning signs and notices, 8. Safe means of access, 9. Emergency generators 9

10 10. Sufficient lighting will be provided for night work 11. Means of escape and ladder from bottom to top will be provided in addition to any mechanical means of ingress and egress, 12. Employment of trained workers and further training to them, 13. Safe guarding of dangerous parts of machinery, 14. Proper drainage and de-watering system (if require) 15. Wet drilling for dust control. 16. Separate transport vehicles for explosives and detonators, separate storage facility beyond 100m from lease area and their separate magazines, 17. Lubricating oils, grease and rope dressings will be kept in closed metal containers, 18. Lighting arresters will be provided on the surface, 19. Emergency lighting to function for a long time (to escape safely) will be provided, 20. To avoid any damage or accident during natural calamities like cyclone, flood, cloud bursting,earthquake, etc. sound construction of housing facility will be provided to workers, 21. Medical center with first-aid facilities will be provided, 22. Important telephone numbers (Police, Ambulance, Fire,n earest Primary Health center, etc.) will be displayed on notice board of the lease area. Personal Protection Equipments: 1. Helmets 2. Gum-boots 3. Face shield 4. Hand gloves 5. Safety goggles 6. Full body harness Excavation: General precaution for any excavation or underground work are: 1. Stability of ground 2. Position of public utility services such as electric or telephone cables, water, sewers line, etc. (Relocation, isolation or protection of underground utilizes should be done with due permission.) 3. Effect on adjoining building, structure, roadways, bridges, etc. 10

11 4. No load or vehicles should be moved or stacked near the edge of excavation to prevent the side-collapsing. 5. All sides will be fenced by barrier at least up to lm and danger notice, red signal and light will be provided. Sides of all excavation must be sloped to a safe angle not steeper than the angle of repose of a particular soil/rock. 6. Cutting will be done from top to bottom. No undercutting of side will be allowed. 7. Road barrier at a distance will be provided if road is to be blocked Transportation safety: 1. Vehicles must be checked for: a. Warning sirens. b. Horns (loud and clear), c. Lights (head-lights, tail-lights), d. Signals, e. Reverse alarm, f. Vehicles will not run overloading and over speeding g. Smokeless locomotives will be used. 2. Other important considerations: a. Rules for driving will be enforced. b. Cabins of excavators in quarries will be partially closed and drivers should be supplied air mask c. Water spray to dusty processrs and to conveyor belts including their drives and transfer points Drilling: Drilling and loading are required before blasting. 1. Before starting drilling: a. Any presence of unfired explosives will be carefully checked b. No drilling will be allowed in butts or old holes c. Loose or disintegrated rock will be removed by hand tools or pneumatic jack hammers to protect drillers against falls of material. Where this is not possible, a protective canopy or overhead screen should be provided. 2. During drilling: a. Holes are drilled by pneumatic hand-hold drills to a specific pattern 11

12 b. Drillers should wear helmet, googles, hand gloves and gumboots 3. On completion of drilling: a. After checking the drilling pattern and depth, the drilling crew is withdrawn from the site with all drilling equipment and accessories Blasting: 1. Explosive safety: a. Safe handling of explosives and detonators, b. Avoidance of spark c. No smoking within explosive area d. Transportation, storage, handling and use of explosives are governed by the Explosive Act and Rules. 2. Blasting activity care: a. The blasting expert will check all the holes to be loaded by explosive and detonators for blasting. b. No smoking or open flame is allowed in explosive loading area. c. All the workers from blasting area will be withdrawn to a safe place. d. Only those holes will be loaded which are to be fired in the next round of blasting. e. Holes loaded during one shift will be fired in the same shift. f. Diameter of the hole will be kept at least 3mm more than diameter of cartridge. g. To avoid misfires, the detonator will be completely inserted length-wise in the cartridge and fastened in such a manner that it cannot be pulled out accidentally. h. The cartridges are not forced into the holes. i. Intensity of charge will be loaded must be well calculated and safe enough to prevent damage to nearby structures due to shock and vibration resulting from explosion Tamping: 1. Temping of cartridge in the hole is done by a wooden (or non sparkling metallic) stick gently. 2. The holes are filled with clay and/or sand sticks at the top. 3. Detonators wires will not be damaged or pulled out. 4. Then the continuity of the entire circuit is checked by a blasting circuit tester and the resistance of the circuit is also measured. 5. No other electric circuit should be allowed in that area or it will be de-energized. 12

13 6. Minimum safe distance will be maintained from Radio, TV, Radar transmitters to avoid detonation of cap. 7. The surplus explosives/detonators are returned to the magazines. 8. The Warning and All clear signals will be established and made known to all concern. Trained people are posted at all approaches with red flags to stop all traffic and by passers. 9. The blasting expert then sound a warning siren to drive all people from the danger area and not to allow anybody to enter in the blasting area. After being satisfied with the readiness of blasting, the blasting expert will fire the shots by closing the switch of the exploder. 10. After dispersion of gases and dusts, the expert will return to the area and check for any misfire. 11. Misfire cab be minimized by using good quality explosives, testing each electric cap with blasting galvanometer before loading or by testing the complete circuit before firing 12. Blasting record will be maintained. Date and time of blast, number of holes, amount of charge per hole, firing pattern and sequence will be recorded Haulage (pulling and shifting): 1. Material after blasting is carried out mechanically, 2. Workers will not be transported along with the material, 3. Speedy removal of derbies, refuse and trash 4. Safe and adequate walkways The key points to ensure safety are: a. Accurate determination of the bounds of the blast area, b. Clearing employees from the blast area, c. Effective access control, d. Use of adequate blasting shelters, e. Efficient communications, f. Training Be alert and share information; know the blasting time, blast area and clearing procedure and do not enter the blast area until an all-clear signal is sounded Good Housekeeping : The term good Housekeeping is often loosely understood as simple floor cleaning or broom stick operation. But it has even wider meaning including up keeping of all industrial activities in orderly manner to minimize the accidents due to improper 13

14 planning, placement, arrangement, handling, etc. everywhere in industrial premises. Place for everything and everything on proper place. So, Good housekeeping at quarry site will greatly reduce unsafe conditions and so risk of accidents. 14