Outline. The Chemistry of Organic Molecules. Organic vs Inorganic. Chapter 3
|
|
- Allen Robbins
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Chemistry of Organic Molecules Chapter 3 Organic vs Inorganic Outline Functional Groups and Isomers Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids 1 2 Organic - Living Inorganic - Nonliving Organic Molecules Organic molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen. Four categories:! Carbohydrates! Lipids! Proteins! Nucleic Acids Carbon Atom Carbon atoms contain a total of 6 electrons, with only four in the outer shell. Very diverse as it can bond with up to four different elements.! Often shares with other carbon atoms, producing long carbon chains. " Hydrocarbons are chains of carbon bonded only to hydrogen atoms. 3 4
2 Functional Groups and Isomers Functional groups are specific combinations of bonded atoms that always react in the same manner, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton. Determine polarity of organic molecule. 5 6 Isomers Isomers are organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but a different arrangement of atoms. Macromolecules Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are referred to as macromolecules because of their large size. Polymers are made up of monomers. Dehydration - Removal of water molecule. Hydrolysis - Addition of water molecule. Enzymes speed up reactions. 7 8
3 Carbohydrates Used as immediate energy sources. Monosaccharides - Single sugar molecule.! Glucose, ribose, deoxyribose Disaccharides - Contain two monosaccharides joined during dehydration reaction.! Sucrose Polysaccharides - Polymers of monosaccharides.! Starch, cellulose, chitin Lipids Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains. Fats Glycerol - Contains three OH - groups.! Triglycerides - Three fatty acids attached to each glycerol molecule. " Fatty acid consists of long hydrocarbon chain. # Saturated - No double bonds. # Unsaturated - Double bonds Fat and Fatty Acids Phospholipids Lipids Instead of third fatty acid attached to glycerol as in fat, there is a polar phosphate group.! Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. " Arrange themselves so polar heads are adjacent to water. # Bulk of cell plasma membrane consists of phospholipid bilayer
4 Phospholipids Steroid Lipids Have skeletons of four fused carbon rings.! Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen Waxes Long-chain fatty acid bonds with a longchain alcohol.! High melting point! Waterproof! Resistant to degradation Proteins Proteins Functions Support Enzymes Transport Defense Hormones Motion Amino acids are subunits of proteins. Bond to a hydrogen atom, an amino group -NH 2, an acidic group -COOH, and an R (remainder) group.! Peptide Bond - Covalent bond between two amino acids. " Peptide - Two or more amino acids bonded together. " Polypeptide - Chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
5 Protein Structure Proteins Primary - Sequence of amino acids. Secondary - Polypeptide coils or folds in a particular fashion. Tertiary - Folding and twisting that results in final three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide. Quaternary - Consists of more than one polypeptide. Protein Folding Diseases As proteins are being synthesized, chaperones bind and prevent incorrect interactions. Mad cow disease is an example of a category of fatal brain diseases TSEs, that could be due to misfolded proteins Nucleic Acids DNA Polymers of nucleotides with very specific cell functions. DNA (seoxyribonucleic acid)! Doublestranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)! Singlestranded Every nucleotide is made up of phosphate, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Complementary base pairing 19 20
6 RNA Nucleic Acids ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is composed of adenine and ribose. In cells, the terminal phosphate bond is hydrolyzed to give the molecule ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a phosphate molecule.! Releases energy Organic vs Inorganic Review Functional Groups and Isomers Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids 23 24
How To Understand The Chemistry Of Organic Molecules
CHAPTER 3 THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES 3.1 Organic Molecules The chemistry of carbon accounts for the diversity of organic molecules found in living things. Carbon has six electrons, four of which
More informationChapter 3 Molecules of Cells
Bio 100 Molecules of cells 1 Chapter 3 Molecules of Cells Compounds containing carbon are called organic compounds Molecules such as methane that are only composed of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons
More informationBIOLOGICAL MOLECULES OF LIFE
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES OF LIFE C A R B O H Y D R A T E S, L I P I D S, P R O T E I N S, A N D N U C L E I C A C I D S The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 115, Page 1 of 29) Carbon
More informationCarbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids Chapter 3 MACROMOLECULES Macromolecules: polymers with molecular weights >1,000 Functional groups THE FOUR MACROMOLECULES IN LIFE Molecules in living organisms: proteins,
More informationBiochemistry of Cells
Biochemistry of Cells 1 Carbon-based Molecules Although a cell is mostly water, the rest of the cell consists mostly of carbon-based molecules Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds Carbon
More informationA disaccharide is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides. This covalent bond is called a glycosidic linkage.
CH 5 Structure & Function of Large Molecules: Macromolecules Molecules of Life All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
More informationProteins and Nucleic Acids
Proteins and Nucleic Acids Chapter 5 Macromolecules: Proteins Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group of biomolecules. : o Involved in almost everything o Enzymes o Structure (keratin,
More informationChapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Name Period Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four main classes. Name them. 2. Circle the three classes that are called
More informationLecture Overview. Hydrogen Bonds. Special Properties of Water Molecules. Universal Solvent. ph Scale Illustrated. special properties of water
Lecture Overview special properties of water > water as a solvent > ph molecules of the cell > properties of carbon > carbohydrates > lipids > proteins > nucleic acids Hydrogen Bonds polarity of water
More informationChapter 3: Biological Molecules. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
Chapter 3: Biological Molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Elements in Biological Molecules Biological macromolecules are made almost entirely of just 6 elements: Carbon (C)
More informationThe Molecules of Cells
The Molecules of Cells I. Introduction A. Most of the world s population cannot digest milk-based foods. 1. These people are lactose intolerant because they lack the enzyme lactase. 2. This illustrates
More informationElements in Biological Molecules
Chapter 3: Biological Molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Elements in Biological Molecules Biological macromolecules are made almost entirely of just 6 elements: Carbon (C)
More information4. Which carbohydrate would you find as part of a molecule of RNA? a. Galactose b. Deoxyribose c. Ribose d. Glucose
1. How is a polymer formed from multiple monomers? a. From the growth of the chain of carbon atoms b. By the removal of an OH group and a hydrogen atom c. By the addition of an OH group and a hydrogen
More informationCarbon-organic Compounds
Elements in Cells The living substance of cells is made up of cytoplasm and the structures within it. About 96% of cytoplasm and its included structures are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
More informationName: Hour: Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms
Name: Hour: Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds
More informationBiological molecules:
Biological molecules: All are organic (based on carbon). Monomers vs. polymers: Monomers refer to the subunits that, when polymerized, make up a larger polymer. Monomers may function on their own in some
More informationChapter 5. The Structure and Function of Macromolecule s
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecule s Most Macromolecules are polymers: Polymer: (poly: many; mer: part) Large molecules consisting of many identical or similar subunits connected together.
More informationDisaccharides consist of two monosaccharide monomers covalently linked by a glycosidic bond. They function in sugar transport.
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: 1.
More informationChapter 2 Chemical Principles
Chapter 2 Chemical Principles I. Chemistry. [Students should read this section on their own]. a. Chemistry is the study of the interactions between atoms and molecules. b. The atom is the smallest unit
More informationThe Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids & Phospholipids
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids & Phospholipids The FOUR Classes of Large Biomolecules All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: Carbohydrates
More informationI. Chapter 5 Summary. II. Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. III. Lipids
I. Chapter 5 Summary A. Simple Sugars (CH 2 O) n : 1. One C contains a carbonyl (C=O) rest contain - 2. Classification by functional group: aldoses & ketoses 3. Classification by number of C's: trioses,
More informationLab 3 Organic Molecules of Biological Importance
Name Biology 3 ID Number Lab 3 Organic Molecules of Biological Importance Section 1 - Organic Molecules Section 2 - Functional Groups Section 3 - From Building Blocks to Macromolecules Section 4 - Carbohydrates
More informationElements & Macromolecules in Organisms
Name: Date: Per: Table # Elements & Macromolecules in rganisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight.
More informationThe Molecules of Life - Overview. The Molecules of Life. The Molecules of Life. The Molecules of Life
The Molecules of Life - Overview The Molecules of Life The Importance of Carbon Organic Polymers / Monomers Functions of Organic Molecules Origin of Organic Molecules The Molecules of Life Water is the
More informationWATER CHAPTER 3 - BIOCHEMISTRY "THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE" POLARITY HYDROGEN BONDING
CHAPTER 3 - BIOCHEMISTRY "THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE" WATER Compare the body of the jellyfish with our own bodies. The jellyfish will die if it is removed from its water environment, yet we can live in the
More informationMacromolecules 1 Carbohydrates, Lipids & Nucleic Acids
VEA Bringing Learning to Life Program Support Notes Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates, Lipids & Nucleic Acids Grades 10 - College 25mins Teacher Notes by Sue Wright, B. Sc., Dip. Ed. Produced by VEA Pty Ltd
More informationOrganic Molecules of Life - Exercise 2
Organic Molecules of Life - Exercise 2 Objectives -Know the difference between a reducing sugar and a non-reducing sugar. -Distinguish Monosaccharides from Disaccharides and Polysaccharides -Understand
More informationChemical Basis of Life Module A Anchor 2
Chemical Basis of Life Module A Anchor 2 Key Concepts: - Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of its special properties. - Water s polarity
More informationRecognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
Recognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Oct 15 8:05 PM What is an Organic Molecule? An Organic Molecule is a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and oxygen Carbon is found
More informationOrganic Compounds. Essential Questions: What is Organic? What are the 4 major Organic Compounds? How are they made? What are they used for?
Organic Compounds Essential Questions: What is Organic? What are the 4 major Organic Compounds? How are they made? What are they used for? Aristotle: Francesco Redi: What do we already know? Spontaneous
More informationBIOMOLECULES. reflect
reflect A child s building blocks are relatively simple structures. When they come together, however, they can form magnifi cent structures. The elaborate city scene to the right is made of small, simple
More informationChapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Name Period Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four
More informationWorksheet 13.1. Chapter 13: Human biochemistry glossary
Worksheet 13.1 Chapter 13: Human biochemistry glossary α-helix Refers to a secondary structure of a protein where the chain is twisted to form a regular helix, held by hydrogen bonds between peptide bonds
More informationThe molecules of life. The molecules that make up living things are really big They are called macromolecules
Food Labels All living things use materials and energy Our food comes from living things The food labels we see show us what our food is made of The stuff we are studying today can be found on food labels
More information1. The diagram below represents a biological process
1. The diagram below represents a biological process 5. The chart below indicates the elements contained in four different molecules and the number of atoms of each element in those molecules. Which set
More information10.1 The function of Digestion pg. 402
10.1 The function of Digestion pg. 402 Macromolecules and Living Systems The body is made up of more than 60 % water. The water is found in the cells cytoplasm, the interstitial fluid and the blood (5
More informationCarbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbon The element of life! All living things contain the element carbon. Organic means it contains carbon The reason for this is because of carbon s ability
More information3120-1 - Page 1. Name:
Name: 1) Which series is arranged in correct order according to decreasing size of structures? A) DNA, nucleus, chromosome, nucleotide, nitrogenous base B) chromosome, nucleus, nitrogenous base, nucleotide,
More informationAnatomy and Physiology Placement Exam 2 Practice with Answers at End!
Anatomy and Physiology Placement Exam 2 Practice with Answers at End! General Chemical Principles 1. bonds are characterized by the sharing of electrons between the participating atoms. a. hydrogen b.
More information2007 7.013 Problem Set 1 KEY
2007 7.013 Problem Set 1 KEY Due before 5 PM on FRIDAY, February 16, 2007. Turn answers in to the box outside of 68-120. PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THIS PRINTOUT. 1. Where in a eukaryotic cell do you
More informationNO CALCULATORS OR CELL PHONES ALLOWED
Biol 205 Exam 1 TEST FORM A Spring 2008 NAME Fill out both sides of the Scantron Sheet. On Side 2 be sure to indicate that you have TEST FORM A The answers to Part I should be placed on the SCANTRON SHEET.
More informationCHEM 121. Chapter 19, Name: Date:
CHEM 121. Chapter 19, Name: Date: 1. A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is A) soluble in water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents B) insoluble in both water and nonpolar solvents C) insoluble
More informationMolecular Cell Biology
Harvey Lodish Arnold Berk Paul Matsudaira Chris A. Kaiser Monty Krieger Matthew P. Scott Lawrence Zipursky James Darnell Molecular Cell Biology Fifth Edition Chapter 2: Chemical Foundations Copyright 2004
More informationPreliminary MFM Quiz
Preliminary MFM Quiz 1. The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is: A) adenosine monophosphate B) adenosine diphosphate C) adenosine trisphosphate D) guanosine trisphosphate E) carbamoyl phosphate
More informationDNA is found in all organisms from the smallest bacteria to humans. DNA has the same composition and structure in all organisms!
Biological Sciences Initiative HHMI DNA omponents and Structure Introduction Nucleic acids are molecules that are essential to, and characteristic of, life on Earth. There are two basic types of nucleic
More informationChapter 2. The Chemistry of Life Worksheets
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Worksheets (Opening image courtesy of David Iberri, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:camkii.png, and under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 3.0.) Lesson 2.1: Matter
More informationTHE HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY
SECTION 4-1 REVIEW THE HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY Define the following terms. 1. cell 2. cell theory Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. One early piece of evidence supporting the cell theory was the
More informationProteins. Proteins. Amino Acids. Most diverse and most important molecule in. Functions: Functions (cont d)
Proteins Proteins Most diverse and most important molecule in living i organisms Functions: 1. Structural (keratin in hair, collagen in ligaments) 2. Storage (casein in mother s milk) 3. Transport (HAEMOGLOBIN!)
More informationLab 2 Biochemistry. Learning Objectives. Introduction. Lipid Structure and Role in Food. The lab has the following learning objectives.
1 Lab 2 Biochemistry Learning Objectives The lab has the following learning objectives. Investigate the role of double bonding in fatty acids, through models. Developing a calibration curve for a Benedict
More informationBiological Molecules
Biological Molecules I won t lie. This is probably the most boring topic you have ever done in any science. It s pretty much as simple as this: learn the material deal with it. Enjoy don t say I didn t
More informationName Date Period. 2. When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Keystone 1. During the process shown above, the two strands of one DNA molecule are unwound. Then, DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand which results
More information1. When applying the process of science, which of these is tested? a. an observation b. a result c. a hypothesis d. a question e.
BCOR 11 Exam 1, 2004 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When applying the process of science, which of these is tested? a. an observation
More informationMcMush. Testing for the Presence of Biomolecules
Biology McMush Testing for the Presence of Biomolecules MATERIALS AND RESOURCES EACH GROUP aprons beaker, 250 ml 2 clamps, test tube goggles graduated cylinder, 50 ml paper towels test tube brush test
More informationThe Chemical Basis of Life. Chemical Bonds
The Chemical Basis of Life white=hydrogen red=oxygen gray=carbon yellow=phosphorus blue=nitrogen green=sulfur All organisms are made up of water, inorganic ions, small molecules (77% by weight) and macromolecules
More informationExam 4 Outline CH 105 Spring 2012
Exam 4 Outline CH 105 Spring 2012 You need to bring a pencil and your ACT card. Chapter 24: Lipids 1. Describe the properties and types of lipids a. All are hydrophobic b. Fatty acid-based typically contain
More informationNucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Brief History 1 1869 - Miescher Isolated nuclein from soiled bandages 1902 - Garrod Studied rare genetic disorder: Alkaptonuria; concluded that specific gene is associated
More informationPRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS
PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS DNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS B 1. One of the functions of DNA is to A. secrete vacuoles. B. make copies of itself. C. join amino acids to each other.
More informationKeystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes. 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. Ability to store hereditary information b. Use of organelles to control
More informationMolecular Genetics. RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis
Molecular Genetics RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis Section 1 RNA AND TRANSCRIPTION Objectives Describe the primary functions of RNA Identify how RNA differs from DNA Describe the structure and
More informationLipids. Classes of Lipids. Types of Lipids. Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Fatty Acids. 15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids
hapter 15 15.1 15.2 Fatty Acids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. soluble in organic solvents, but not in water. named for the Greek word lipos, which means fat. extracted
More informationExamination One. Biology 101. Dr. Jaeson T. Fournier
Examination One Biology 101 Dr. Jaeson T. Fournier Examination Instructions: Answers are to be indicated on a scantron. Keep your work protected! This helps prevent dishonesty. The instructor will not
More informationGenetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism )
Biology 1406 Exam 3 Notes Structure of DNA Ch. 10 Genetic information (DNA) determines structure of proteins DNA RNA proteins cell structure 3.11 3.15 enzymes control cell chemistry ( metabolism ) Proteins
More information(Woods) Chem-131 Lec-19 09-4 Lipids 1. Lipids:
(Woods) Chem-131 Lec-19 09-4 Lipids 1 Lipids Classifying Lipids Triacylglycerols (triglycerides): a storage form of energy not required for immediate use. Phospholipids, p sphingolipids, p and cholesterol
More information18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview
18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview Protein: A large biological molecule made of many amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Alpha-amino acid: Compound with an amino group bonded
More informationCh24_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch24_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Substances originating in plant or animal material and soluble in non-polar organic solvents
More information1.1.2. thebiotutor. AS Biology OCR. Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport. Module 1.2 Cell Membranes. Notes & Questions.
thebiotutor AS Biology OCR Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport Module 1.2 Cell Membranes Notes & Questions Andy Todd 1 Outline the roles of membranes within cells and at the surface of cells. The main
More informationStructure and Function of DNA
Structure and Function of DNA DNA and RNA Structure DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four
More informationDigestive System Module 7: Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
OpenStax-CNX module: m49457 1 Digestive System Module 7: Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look Donna Browne Based on Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look by OpenStax This work is
More informationpathway that involves taking in heat from the environment at each step. C.
Study Island Cell Energy Keystone Review 1. Cells obtain energy by either capturing light energy through photosynthesis or by breaking down carbohydrates through cellular respiration. In both photosynthesis
More informationStudent name ID # 2. (4 pts) What is the terminal electron acceptor in respiration? In photosynthesis? O2, NADP+
1. Membrane transport. A. (4 pts) What ion couples primary and secondary active transport in animal cells? What ion serves the same function in plant cells? Na+, H+ 2. (4 pts) What is the terminal electron
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch23_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except A) The major physical
More informationReplication Study Guide
Replication Study Guide This study guide is a written version of the material you have seen presented in the replication unit. Self-reproduction is a function of life that human-engineered systems have
More informationUNIT (11) MOLECULES OF LIFE: LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
UNIT (11) MOLECULES OF LIFE: LIPIDS AND PROTEINS 11.1 Types of Lipids Lipids are also biochemical compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. But lipids, unlike carbohydrates, share no common
More informationUnit 2: Cells, Membranes and Signaling CELL MEMBRANE. Chapter 5 Hillis Textbook
Unit 2: Cells, Membranes and Signaling CELL MEMBRANE Chapter 5 Hillis Textbook HOW DOES THE LAB RELATE TO THE NEXT CHAPTER? SURFACE AREA: the entire outer covering of a cell that enables materials pass.
More information2. Which type of macromolecule contains high-energy bonds and is used for long-term energy storage?
Energy Transport Study Island 1. During the process of photosynthesis, plants use energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. These products are, in turn, used by the
More informationCellular Energy. 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following?
Cellular Energy 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following? A. plants, but not animals B. animals, but not plants C. bacteria, but neither animals nor plants D. all living organisms 2.
More informationhttp://faculty.sau.edu.sa/h.alshehri
http://faculty.sau.edu.sa/h.alshehri Definition: Proteins are macromolecules with a backbone formed by polymerization of amino acids. Proteins carry out a number of functions in living organisms: - They
More informationIV. -Amino Acids: carboxyl and amino groups bonded to -Carbon. V. Polypeptides and Proteins
IV. -Amino Acids: carboxyl and amino groups bonded to -Carbon A. Acid/Base properties 1. carboxyl group is proton donor! weak acid 2. amino group is proton acceptor! weak base 3. At physiological ph: H
More informationA. A peptide with 12 amino acids has the following amino acid composition: 2 Met, 1 Tyr, 1 Trp, 2 Glu, 1 Lys, 1 Arg, 1 Thr, 1 Asn, 1 Ile, 1 Cys
Questions- Proteins & Enzymes A. A peptide with 12 amino acids has the following amino acid composition: 2 Met, 1 Tyr, 1 Trp, 2 Glu, 1 Lys, 1 Arg, 1 Thr, 1 Asn, 1 Ile, 1 Cys Reaction of the intact peptide
More informationTranscription and Translation of DNA
Transcription and Translation of DNA Genotype our genetic constitution ( makeup) is determined (controlled) by the sequence of bases in its genes Phenotype determined by the proteins synthesised when genes
More informationDigestive System Lecture 5 Winter 2014
Digestive System Lecture 5 Winter 2014 This lecture tells the story of the Flow of Matter from Food to Cells. The pictures are only there to help you visualize structures don t worry about names of structures
More informationReactions of Fats and Fatty Acids
Reactions of Fats and Fatty Acids Outline Fats and Oils Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Biodiesel Homework We hear quite a lot about the place of fats and oils in human nutrition. Foods high in fat are at the
More informationLipids. Classifying Lipids
(Woods) Chem-131 Lec-19 09-4 Lipids 1 Lipids Triacylglycerols (triglycerides): a storage form of energy not required for immediate use. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol (together with proteins)
More informationMacromolecules in my food!!
Macromolecules in my food!! Name Notes/Background Information Food is fuel: All living things need to obtain fuel from something. Whether it is self- made through the process of photosynthesis, or by ingesting
More informationLecture 26: Overview of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure
Lecture 26: Overview of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure Nucleic acids play an important role in the storage and expression of genetic information. They are divided into
More informationWaxes. From the head of sperm whales Structural material of beehives Coating on the leaves of Brazilian palm. Fats and Oils
Lipids Lipids are organic compounds that contain hydrocarbons which are the foundation for the structure and function of living cells. Lipids are non polar so they are soluble in nonpolar environments
More informationlt\ Nutrition a-glncose www.cambridge.org in this web service Cambridge University Press Glucose+ fructose Glucose+ galactose
P. T. Marshall and G. M. ughes 1 Nutrition 1.1 The basic biochemistry of mammalian metabolites The mammals are heterotrophic, that is to say they derive their essential nutrients, via food chains, from
More informationStructure of proteins
Structure of proteins Primary structure: is amino acids sequence or the covalent structure (50-2500) amino acids M.Wt. of amino acid=110 Dalton (56 110=5610 Dalton). Single chain or more than one polypeptide
More information8/20/2012 H C OH H R. Proteins
Proteins Rubisco monomer = amino acids 20 different amino acids polymer = polypeptide protein can be one or more polypeptide chains folded & bonded together large & complex 3-D shape hemoglobin Amino acids
More informationChapter 13 Organic Chemistry
Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry 13-1. Carbon Bonds 13-2. Alkanes 13-3. Petroleum Products 13-4. Structural Formulas 13-5. Isomers 13-6. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 13-7. Benzene 13-8. Hydrocarbon Groups 13-9.
More informationSTRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS What is the chemical structure of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule? DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. All nucleic acids consist of nucleotides as building
More informationTranslation Study Guide
Translation Study Guide This study guide is a written version of the material you have seen presented in the replication unit. In translation, the cell uses the genetic information contained in mrna to
More informationUnit Vocabulary: o Organic Acid o Alcohol. o Ester o Ether. o Amine o Aldehyde
Unit Vocabulary: Addition rxn Esterification Polymer Alcohol Ether Polymerization Aldehyde Fermentation Primary Alkane Functional group Saponification Alkene Halide (halocarbon) Saturated hydrocarbon Alkyne
More informationNafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD natarboush@ju.edu.jo www.facebook.com/natarboush
Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD natarboush@ju.edu.jo www.facebook.com/natarboush α-keratins, bundles of α- helices Contain polypeptide chains organized approximately parallel along a single axis: Consist
More informationRNA & Protein Synthesis
RNA & Protein Synthesis Genes send messages to cellular machinery RNA Plays a major role in process Process has three phases (Genetic) Transcription (Genetic) Translation Protein Synthesis RNA Synthesis
More informationChapter 2 Phosphorus in the Organic Life: Cells, Tissues, Organisms
Chapter 2 Phosphorus in the Organic Life: Cells, Tissues, Organisms As already mentioned (see Chap. 1 ), in the living cell phosphorus plays a decisive role in three different essential structures: In
More informationLAB 3: DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES
LAB 3: DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES INTRODUCTION Enzymes are a special class of proteins that lower the activation energy of biological reactions. These biological catalysts change the rate of chemical
More information-1- BIOS 100 - Fall, 2009 Exam I, 18 Sept, 2008 Michael Muller, Instructor
BIOS 100 - Fall, 2009 Exam I, 18 Sept, 2008 Michael Muller, Instructor Name: TA: This exam consists of 42 questions over 7 pages (the last page of which has the periodic table and Bloom s hierarchy). Please
More informationCHAPTER 15: ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 15: ANSWERS T SELECTED PRBLEMS SAMPLE PRBLEMS ( Try it yourself ) 15.1 ur bodies can carry out the second reaction, because it requires less energy than we get from breaking down a molecule of
More informationEnergy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)
Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Large food molecules contain a lot of potential energy in the form of chemical bonds but it requires a lot of work to liberate the energy. Cells need
More information