TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1 PHONETICS

Transcription

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1 PHONETICS Unit One Table of Contents... 1 Introduction to Phonetics... 2 Cognates... 3 Vowel Sounds... 4 Sound of the Consonants... 6 Syllables... 9 Phonetic Terminology Accent Marks Accent Marks to Distinguish Diptongos Sinéresis and Sinalefa Symbol Shortcuts Pronunciation Summary UNIT 2 NOUNS Unit Two Table of Contents Noun Basics Gender of Nouns Plural of Nouns UNIT 3 DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES Unit Three Table of Contents Definite and Indefinite Articles Practice with Definite and Indefinite Articles When the Definite Article is Required When the Indefinite Article is Required Practice with Definite and Indefinite Articles UNIT 4 PRONOUNS Unit Four Table of Contents Personal Pronouns Practice with Personal Pronouns Prepositional Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns Direct-Object and Indirect-Object Pronouns... 64

2 UNIT 5 PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS Unit Five Table of Contents The Personal A Practice with the Personal A Prepositions Conjunctions UNIT 6 LINKING VERBS Unit Six Table of Contents Linking Verbs Estar (to be) and Ser (to be) Practice with the Linking Verbs Estar and Ser Linking Verbs for a Change in State of Being Tener to Express a Physical or an Emotional State of Being A Detailed Explanation of Estar (to be) and Ser (to be) More Practice with Estar and Ser UNIT 7 ADJECTIVES Unit Seven Table of Contents Adjectives Practice with Descriptive Adjectives and Regularly Conjugated Verbs Apócope of Certain Adjectives Possessive Adjectives Practice with Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns Demonstrative Adjectives Practice with Demonstrative Adjectives and Demonstrative Pronouns Indefinite Adjectives Practice with Indefinite Adjectives and Indefinite Pronouns Practice with Affirmative and Negative Sentences UNIT 8 ADVERBS Unit Eight Table of Contents Adverbs Categories of Adverbs UNIT 9 COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES Unit Nine Table of Contents Comparisons with Tan Como Practice with Tan Como

3 Comparisons with Tanto Como Practice with Tanto Como Comparisons of Inequality with Más or Menos Superlatives with El Más or El Menos Practice with Más or Menos Comparisons with Mejor, Peor, Major, and Menor Practicing Comparisons with Mejor, Peor, Major, and Menor Comparative Expressions Practice with Comparative Expressions Same or Mismo Practice with Mismo UNIT 10 USING VERBS AS NOUNS, ADVERBS, OR ADJECTIVES Unit Ten Table of Contents Using Verbs as Nouns, Adverbs, or Adjectives Practice with Verbs as Nouns, Adverbs, and Adjectives The Infinitive Verbs Which Take a Preposition before the Infinitive The Infinitive to Express a Need, Desire, or Obligation Practice with the Infinitive Progressive Actions Practice with Progressive Actions Gerundio Practice with Gerundio Past Participles as an Adjective Perfect Tense Practice with Past Participles Perfect Verb Tense for Past or Future Events Practice with the Perfect Tense for Present, Past, or Future Events UNIT 11 GUSTAR AND VERBS LIKE GUSTAR, SE FOR UNPLANNED EVENTS, THE PASSIVE VOICE, AND REFLEXIVE ACTIONS Unit Eleven Table of Contents Gustar and Verbs like Gustar Practice with Gustar and Verbs like Gustar Se to Indicate an Accident or Unplanned Event Practice with Se to Indicate an Accident or Unplanned Event Active Voice and Passive Voice Practice with Active Voice and Passive Voice Reflexive Actions Commonly Used Reflexive Verbs Reflexive Verbs Requiring Prepositions

4 Practice with Reflexive Verbs UNIT 12 COMMANDS Unit Twelve Table of Contents Informal Commands Practice with Informal Commands Formal Commands Practice with Formal Commands Nosotros Commands Practice with Nosotros Commands Vosotros Commands Practice with Vosotros Commands UNIT 13 INTERROGATORY AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS Unit Thirteen Table of Contents Interrogatory Pronouns Practice with Interrogatory Pronouns Exclamations Interrogatory Adjectives Relative Pronouns Special Relative Adjectives Practice with Interrogatories and Relatives UNIT 14 WORDS WITH SIMILAR MEANINGS Unit Fourteen Table of Contents Saber or Conocer - To Know Practice with Saber or Conocer Pedir or Preguntar - To Ask Sino, Pero, or Sino Que - Conjunctions Meaning But Practice with Sino, Pero, or Sino que Por or Para - Prepositions Meaning For Por in Idiomatic Expressions Practice with Por or Para Por qué, Para qué, Porque, and El Porqué Practice with Por qué, Para qué, Porque, and El Porqué UNIT 15 MISCELLANEOUS Unit Fifteen Table of Contents Negation and Affirmation Practice with Affirmations and Negations

5 When to Capitalize When Not to Capitalize Practice Using Capital Letters and Abbreviations How to Express the Weather Practice Expressing the Weather Dates Time Length of Time with Desde or Hacer Practice with Dates and Time Numbers Counting Ordinal Numbers Practice with Numbers and Counting Asking Questions Titles and Family Names Spanish Surnames Common Male Spanish Names Common Female Spanish Names Spanish Prefixes Spanish Suffixes UNIT 16 PRETERIT AND IMPERFECT Unit Sixteen Table of Contents Phrases Associated with the Pretérito and Imperfecto Pretérito or Imperfecto Pretérito and imperfecto in the Same Sentence Changes in Meaning When in the Pretérito or Imperfecto Practice with Words with Slight Changes in Meaning When Used in the Pretérito or Imperfecto Estar or Ser with the Pretérito or Imperfecto UNIT 17 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD OVERVIEW Unit Seventeen Table of Contents Subjunctive Mode Overview Subjunctive Conjugation UNIT 18 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD WITH NOUN CLAUSES Unit Eighteen Table of Contents The Subjunctive Mode with Noun Clauses Practice with Noun Clauses Noun Clauses for Actions Which Have Already Taken Place

6 Practice with Noun Clauses in the Present and Past Tenses Conditional or Future Verb Tense in Noun-Clause Sentences Practice with the Conditional or Future Verb Tense in Noun Clauses Advice with Noun Clause-Sentences Practice with Advice in Noun-Clause Sentences UNIT 19 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD WITH ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Unit Nineteen Table of Contents The Subjunctive Mode with Adjective Clauses Practice with Adjective Clauses Relative Pronouns Connecting Adjective Clauses Practice with Relative Pronouns Connecting Adjective Clauses Practice with Según, Independientemente, and Depender de/en Unspecified Relatives Practice with Unspecified Relatives UNIT 20 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD WITH ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Unit Twenty Table of Contents Adverbial Time Clauses Practice with Adverbial Time Clauses Practice with Adverbial Time Clauses and the Past Tense Adverbial Clauses of Condition Practice with Adverbial Clauses of Condition Practice with Adverbial Clauses of Condition and the Past Tense Adverbial Clauses of Mode Practice with Adverbial Clauses of Mode Adverbial Clauses of Cause (Reasons Why) Practice with Adverbial Clauses of Cause (Reasons Why) Adverbial Clauses of Finality Practice with Adverbial Clauses of Finality Subordinate Conjunctions So That (de manera) and Like (de modo) Practice with De Modo, De Manera, Del Modo, and De La Manera Concessions of Unknown Quantity and Unknown Intensity Practice with Por + Adjective/Advert + Que List of Subordinate Conjunctions UNIT 21 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN IRREGULAR ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Unit Twenty-one Table of Contents Conditional If Clauses for the Real, Unreal, or Impossible Practice with Conditional If Clauses As If Clauses for Comparison

7 Practice with As If Clauses for Comparisons Aunque, a Subordinate Conjunction of Concession Practice with Aunque ( Even Though or Even If ) UNIT 22 SPECIAL SUBJUNCTIVE USES AND ADDITIONAL VERB TENSES Unit Twenty-two Table of Contents Adverbial Clauses of Concession for Degrees of Possibility Practice with Degrees of Possibilities Repeated Speech Future Verb Tense Conditional Verb Tense Reduplicative Forms with Lo Que Polite Requests with Want, Should, and Could UNIT 23 VERB CONJUGATION RULES Unit Twenty-three Table of Contents Why Learning Conjugation is Important Regular -AR, -ER, and -IR Verbs Stem-Changing -ER and -AR Verbs Stem-Changing -IR Verbs Spelling Changes to Match Phonetic Rules I Y Spell Changing Past-Indicative Verbs Special Irregular Conjugations UNIT 24 MÁS QUE GRAMÁTICA Unit Twenty-four Table of Contents Greeting, Introductions, and Essential Phrases Gestures Idioms and Proverbs Legends and Myths - La Llorona Traditions Poetry and Music Cultural History Unit Topics UNIT 25 BLENDED LEARNING Unit Twenty-five Table of Contents Blended Learning Introduction Theme One: Culture and History

8 Theme Two: Greetings and Introductions Theme Three: Gestures Theme Four: Idioms and Proverbs Theme Five: Writing a Pen Pal Theme Six: Talking about Food Theme Seven: Describing People with Ser, Estar, and Tener Theme Eight: Describing Objects with Adjectives Theme Nine: Talking about the Human Body Theme Ten: Present Progressive Actions and Clothing Theme Eleven: Asking Others What They Must or Plan to Do Theme Twelve: Telling Friends What They Should Do Theme Thirteen: Telling Friends What They Should Not Do Theme Fourteen: Likes and Opinions Theme Fifteen: Supporting an Opinion Theme Sixteen: Describing the Weather Theme Seventeen: Exchanging Opinions Theme Eighteen: Traditional Holidays Theme Nineteen: Expressing Preferences with the Subjective Theme Twenty: Music and Dance TEACHER S GUIDE TO PRACTICE EXERCISES INDEX