Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
|
|
|
- Curtis Park
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
2 I. Organic Compounds A. What are organic compounds? 1. Contain carbon covalently bonded to another carbon 2. Found in all living things 3. Cells are made up almost entirely of H 2 O & organic compounds
3 I. Organic Compounds B. What makes carbon such an important element? 1. It forms 4 bonds 2. It forms long chains with itself 3. It can form single, double, & triple bonds
4 I. Organic Compounds
5 I. Organic Compounds D. Functional groups 1. Special groups of atoms attached to organic compounds 2. Used to identify organic compounds
6 Macromolecules Many molecules in living things are HUGE ( relatively) These huge molecules are called: Macromolecules Macro giant Molecule two or more atoms put together Macromolecules are the building blocks of living things
7 Macromolecules Macromolecules are made up of smaller pieces One of these pieces by itself is called a monomer Mono - one Monomer one unit/building block of a macromolecule Putting many monomers together results in a polymer Poly many Polymer many units/building blocks hooked together
8 Polymer example
9 Macromolecules If 2 molecules have the same chemical formula, but different structures, then they are isomers H H C H O H C H H C 2 H 6 O Isomer a molecule with the same chemical formula but different structure as another molecule H O H C H H C H H
10 Macromolecules The process of monomers coming together to form polymers is called polymerization Polymerization
11 Macromolecules Putting two or more monomers together is done through a process called dehydration synthesis or condensation Let s break that one down De removal of Hydration water Synthesis put tegether So, dehydration synthesis means: The removal of a water molecule to form a new bond
12 Carbohydrates
13 Carbohydrates The reverse of a dehydration synthesis reaction is called a hydrolysis, where water is used to break the bond between monomers
14 Kinds of Macromolecules 4 groups of macromolecules found in living things (organic compounds) are: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
15 Carbohydrates
16 Carbohydrates Main ideas for carbohydrates: Uses for carbohydrates How to identify a carbohydrate Examples of carbohydrates Chemical tests for carbohydrates
17 Carbohydrates A carbohydrate is a molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms A carbohydrate will have twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms H:O = 2:1
18 Carbohydrates Made up of 3 major groups: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides The word saccharide means sugar. What do you think the words, mono-, di-, and polysaccharide mean?
19 Carbohydrates Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules Examples: Fructose (fruit sugar), Galactose (milk sugar), Glucose (blood sugar):
20 III. Carbohydrates A. Monosaccharides 1. Simplest Carbohydrates 2. Monomers used to build larger carbohydrates 3. Used for quick energy 4. Ratio of C:H:O = 1:2:1 = CH 2 O 5. C 6 H 12 O 6
21 Carbohydrates Putting two or more monosaccharides together is done through a process called dehydration synthesis or condensation Let s break that one down De removal of Hydration water Synthesis put tegether So, dehydration synthesis means: The removal of a water molecule to form a new bond
22 Carbohydrates Dehydration synthesis Practice trying to put these two monosaccharides together:
23 Carbohydrates Dehydration synthesis Practice trying to put these two monosaccharides together:
24
25 Carbohydrates Disaccharides are two sugar molecules put together Examples: Sucrose (table sugar pictured), Lactose (milk sugar), Maltose
26 Carbohydrates Dehydration synthesis occurs between two glucose molecules. You know that glucose has a chemical formula of C 6 H 12 O 6. How could you figure out the chemical formula for the new disaccharide formed?
27 Carbohydrates Dehydration synthesis occurs between two glucose molecules. You know that glucose has a chemical formula of C 6 H 12 O 6. How could you figure out the chemical formula for the new disaccharide formed? C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 6 H 12 O 6 - H 2 O = C 12 H 22 O 11
28 Carbohydrates Polysaccharides are 3 or more monosaccharides put together
29 III. Carbohydrates C. Polysaccharides 1. No formula, but ratio of H:O always = 2:1 2. Used for energy storage a. Starch plant storage b. Glycogen animal storage 3. Examples a. Cellulose plant cell walls b. Chitin insect exoskeletons, cell walls of fungi
30 Carbohydrates What about uses for carbohydrates? Living things use these carbohydrate molecules as their primary source of energy The breakdown of sugars supplies immediate energy for all cell activities
31 Carbohydrates Some foods are high in carbs. Have you ever heard of someone trying to carbo-load before? What type of person would most likely want to carbo-load? Why would they?
32 Carbohydrates Testing for carbohydrates How could you find out what carbohydrates are present in a sample? Benedict s Test (blue) If it turns orange you have a monosaccharide, if it turns blue you have a disaccharide, if it turns blue you have a polysaccharide Iodine Test (yellow) If it turns yellow you have a monosaccharide, if it turns yellow you have a disaccharide, if it turns purple you have a polysaccharide
33 What are the only 3 elements all carbohydrates are made of?
34 What is the ratio of H:O in carbohydrates?
35 What type of carbohydrate is glycogen?
36 What molecule do animals use to store energy?
37 What is the molecular formula for all monosaccharides?
38 Which carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls?
39 Proteins
40 Proteins Main ideas for proteins: What makes up a protein? What are the key parts of an amino acid? How are proteins assembled? What do proteins do? How can we test for proteins?
41 Proteins What is a protein? A protein is a macromolecule made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
42 Proteins Amino acids Monomers of proteins Compounds of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, carbon atoms, and hydrogen atoms Have an amino group and a carboxyl group Let s see what they look like
43 Amino Group NH 2 Carboxyl Group COOH The R Group refers to the rest of the molecule. Amino acids will always look the same except for the R group. There are MANY different R groups.
44 Proteins are Diverse! To the right, you see many different amino acids the red part is the R group With MANY different R groups, there are MANY different possible combinations of amino acids, which means there are MANY different proteins
45 Proteins How do amino acid monomers polymerize to form protein polymers? In other words, how are proteins put together? Dehydration synthesis!
46 Proteins Combining amino acids with dehydration synthesis: Amino Group always bonds with the Carboxyl Group Peptide bond: Covalent bond formed between two amino acids when H2O is removed R C N R O H
47 Proteins Proteins are called macromolecules for a good reason THEY ARE GIGANTIC! (relatively) The average size for a protein can be well over 250 amino acids This forms an amino acid chain or a POLYPEPTIDE
48 Protein These long chains are neatly organized inside living things: Levels of organization: Primary Structure the chain Secondary Structure the chain curls into an alpha helix or folds into a beta sheet Tertiary Structure alpha helices and beta sheets fold on each other Quarternary Structure large sections of tertiary structures fold over each other Let s see what these looks like:
49 Proteins Structure D. Protein Structure 1. Primary (1 ) Structure a. Long chain of amino acids 2. Secondary (2 ) Structure a. alpha helix b. beta-pleated sheet
50 III. Proteins 3. Tertiary (3 ) Structure a. Continued folding of polypeptide beyond secondary structure b. Caused by attractions between R groups of amino acids c. Can be fibrous or globular 4. Quaternary (4 ) Structure a. Highest level of protein structure b. Made of two or more folded polypeptides joined together c. Most (but not all) proteins have a quaternary structure 5. Denaturation a. Destruction of a proteins natural shape due to rise in temp or change in ph
51
52 Proteins Remember: with many different R groups, there are many combinations of amino acids, meaning that there are many different proteins Each type has a specific role!
53 Proteins What do proteins do? Structural Support EX: Keratin hair, nails, rhino horns, turtle shells Collagen bone, tendons, ligaments most abundant in our bodies
54 Proteins What do proteins do? Enzymes Speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) EX: Sucrase breaks down sucrose
55 Proteins What do proteins do? Transport Carry nutrients around body EX: Hemoglobin carries oxygen around body through bloodstream
56 Proteins What do proteins do? Defense Help protect body against disease Anti-bodies
57 Proteins What do proteins do? Hormones Send signals to cells & organs Insulin tells cells to take in glucose from blood
58 Proteins Where can you find proteins? They start inside our cells (where they are made) Hair Bone Muscle Meat Eggs Organs LOTS of other locations
59 Proteins How can you test for a protein? Biuret s Test Changes to purple in the presence of a protein
60 Lipids
61 Lipids Main ideas for lipids: What a lipid is made of Uses for lipids Examples of lipids Tests to determine if lipids are present
62 Lipids Lipids Molecules made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms (and some oxygen atoms too) Nonpolar covalent bonds Hydrophobic Insoluble in water Can be identified by the 2 key parts of their assembly: one glycerol backbone and 3 long carbon chains (fatty acids) Far greater than 2:1 H:O ratio
63 Lipids Making a lipid: The first key part to a lipid is a glycerol Glycerol serves as the backbone of the lipid
64 Lipids Making a lipid The other key parts to a lipid are 3 fatty acids Long carbon chains Carboxyl Group Carbon Chain COOH Car
65 Lipids 2 kinds of fatty acids: Saturated All single bonds in the carbon chain There are the maximum possible number of hydrogen Generally considered bad for you Solid at room temperature Straight Unsaturated One or more double bonds in the carbon chain There could be more hydrogen Generally considered better for you Liquid at room temperature Kinked (not straight)
66 Lipids Making a lipid So how do the glycerol and fatty acids come together? Dehydration synthesis
67 Lipids Dehydration synthesis
68 Lipids C. Uses in Living Things 1. Long-term Energy Storage a. Fats b. Oils
69 Lipids C. Uses in Living Things 2. Protection a. Plants b. Animals
70 Lipids C. Uses in Living Things 3. Insulation a. Blubber (marine mammals)
71 What do these guys have in common?
72 Lipids C. Uses in Living Things 4. Hormones (Steroids) a. Testosterone b. Estrogen c. Cholesterol
73 IV. Lipids C. Uses in Living Things 5. Cell (Plasma) Membranes a. Phospholipids b. Polar head, 2 nonpolar tails
74 Lipids Examples of lipids Meat fat Oil Waxes Butter Grease Mayo
75 Lipids Tests to run: The water solubility test Lipids do not mix in water non lipids do The brown paper bag test If you put a substance on a paper bag and the bag dried well over time, the substance was a non-lipid. If the bag never looks dry and light can get through it, the substance was a lipid
Biochemistry of Cells
Biochemistry of Cells 1 Carbon-based Molecules Although a cell is mostly water, the rest of the cell consists mostly of carbon-based molecules Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds Carbon
Chapter 3 Molecules of Cells
Bio 100 Molecules of cells 1 Chapter 3 Molecules of Cells Compounds containing carbon are called organic compounds Molecules such as methane that are only composed of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons
Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide monomers covalently linked by a glycosidic bond. They function in sugar transport.
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: 1.
How To Understand The Chemistry Of Organic Molecules
CHAPTER 3 THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES 3.1 Organic Molecules The chemistry of carbon accounts for the diversity of organic molecules found in living things. Carbon has six electrons, four of which
The Molecules of Cells
The Molecules of Cells I. Introduction A. Most of the world s population cannot digest milk-based foods. 1. These people are lactose intolerant because they lack the enzyme lactase. 2. This illustrates
Biological molecules:
Biological molecules: All are organic (based on carbon). Monomers vs. polymers: Monomers refer to the subunits that, when polymerized, make up a larger polymer. Monomers may function on their own in some
Name: Hour: Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms
Name: Hour: Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds
A disaccharide is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides. This covalent bond is called a glycosidic linkage.
CH 5 Structure & Function of Large Molecules: Macromolecules Molecules of Life All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
Chapter 5. The Structure and Function of Macromolecule s
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecule s Most Macromolecules are polymers: Polymer: (poly: many; mer: part) Large molecules consisting of many identical or similar subunits connected together.
Recognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
Recognizing Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Oct 15 8:05 PM What is an Organic Molecule? An Organic Molecule is a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and oxygen Carbon is found
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Name Period Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four main classes. Name them. 2. Circle the three classes that are called
Lecture Overview. Hydrogen Bonds. Special Properties of Water Molecules. Universal Solvent. ph Scale Illustrated. special properties of water
Lecture Overview special properties of water > water as a solvent > ph molecules of the cell > properties of carbon > carbohydrates > lipids > proteins > nucleic acids Hydrogen Bonds polarity of water
Carbon-organic Compounds
Elements in Cells The living substance of cells is made up of cytoplasm and the structures within it. About 96% of cytoplasm and its included structures are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
Elements in Biological Molecules
Chapter 3: Biological Molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Elements in Biological Molecules Biological macromolecules are made almost entirely of just 6 elements: Carbon (C)
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids Chapter 3 MACROMOLECULES Macromolecules: polymers with molecular weights >1,000 Functional groups THE FOUR MACROMOLECULES IN LIFE Molecules in living organisms: proteins,
Chapter 3: Biological Molecules. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
Chapter 3: Biological Molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Elements in Biological Molecules Biological macromolecules are made almost entirely of just 6 elements: Carbon (C)
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids & Phospholipids
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids & Phospholipids The FOUR Classes of Large Biomolecules All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: Carbohydrates
4. Which carbohydrate would you find as part of a molecule of RNA? a. Galactose b. Deoxyribose c. Ribose d. Glucose
1. How is a polymer formed from multiple monomers? a. From the growth of the chain of carbon atoms b. By the removal of an OH group and a hydrogen atom c. By the addition of an OH group and a hydrogen
Organic Compounds. Essential Questions: What is Organic? What are the 4 major Organic Compounds? How are they made? What are they used for?
Organic Compounds Essential Questions: What is Organic? What are the 4 major Organic Compounds? How are they made? What are they used for? Aristotle: Francesco Redi: What do we already know? Spontaneous
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES OF LIFE
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES OF LIFE C A R B O H Y D R A T E S, L I P I D S, P R O T E I N S, A N D N U C L E I C A C I D S The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 115, Page 1 of 29) Carbon
Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms
Name: Date: Per: Table # Elements & Macromolecules in rganisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight.
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbon The element of life! All living things contain the element carbon. Organic means it contains carbon The reason for this is because of carbon s ability
Lab 3 Organic Molecules of Biological Importance
Name Biology 3 ID Number Lab 3 Organic Molecules of Biological Importance Section 1 - Organic Molecules Section 2 - Functional Groups Section 3 - From Building Blocks to Macromolecules Section 4 - Carbohydrates
Organic Molecules of Life - Exercise 2
Organic Molecules of Life - Exercise 2 Objectives -Know the difference between a reducing sugar and a non-reducing sugar. -Distinguish Monosaccharides from Disaccharides and Polysaccharides -Understand
Macromolecules in my food!!
Macromolecules in my food!! Name Notes/Background Information Food is fuel: All living things need to obtain fuel from something. Whether it is self- made through the process of photosynthesis, or by ingesting
Worksheet 13.1. Chapter 13: Human biochemistry glossary
Worksheet 13.1 Chapter 13: Human biochemistry glossary α-helix Refers to a secondary structure of a protein where the chain is twisted to form a regular helix, held by hydrogen bonds between peptide bonds
Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Proteins and Nucleic Acids Chapter 5 Macromolecules: Proteins Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group of biomolecules. : o Involved in almost everything o Enzymes o Structure (keratin,
Chemical Basis of Life Module A Anchor 2
Chemical Basis of Life Module A Anchor 2 Key Concepts: - Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of its special properties. - Water s polarity
I. Chapter 5 Summary. II. Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. III. Lipids
I. Chapter 5 Summary A. Simple Sugars (CH 2 O) n : 1. One C contains a carbonyl (C=O) rest contain - 2. Classification by functional group: aldoses & ketoses 3. Classification by number of C's: trioses,
Chapter 2 Chemical Principles
Chapter 2 Chemical Principles I. Chemistry. [Students should read this section on their own]. a. Chemistry is the study of the interactions between atoms and molecules. b. The atom is the smallest unit
1. The diagram below represents a biological process
1. The diagram below represents a biological process 5. The chart below indicates the elements contained in four different molecules and the number of atoms of each element in those molecules. Which set
BIOMOLECULES. reflect
reflect A child s building blocks are relatively simple structures. When they come together, however, they can form magnifi cent structures. The elaborate city scene to the right is made of small, simple
Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules I won t lie. This is probably the most boring topic you have ever done in any science. It s pretty much as simple as this: learn the material deal with it. Enjoy don t say I didn t
10.1 The function of Digestion pg. 402
10.1 The function of Digestion pg. 402 Macromolecules and Living Systems The body is made up of more than 60 % water. The water is found in the cells cytoplasm, the interstitial fluid and the blood (5
The Molecules of Life - Overview. The Molecules of Life. The Molecules of Life. The Molecules of Life
The Molecules of Life - Overview The Molecules of Life The Importance of Carbon Organic Polymers / Monomers Functions of Organic Molecules Origin of Organic Molecules The Molecules of Life Water is the
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Name Period Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four
Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates, Lipids & Nucleic Acids
VEA Bringing Learning to Life Program Support Notes Macromolecules 1 Carbohydrates, Lipids & Nucleic Acids Grades 10 - College 25mins Teacher Notes by Sue Wright, B. Sc., Dip. Ed. Produced by VEA Pty Ltd
Lab 2 Biochemistry. Learning Objectives. Introduction. Lipid Structure and Role in Food. The lab has the following learning objectives.
1 Lab 2 Biochemistry Learning Objectives The lab has the following learning objectives. Investigate the role of double bonding in fatty acids, through models. Developing a calibration curve for a Benedict
http://faculty.sau.edu.sa/h.alshehri
http://faculty.sau.edu.sa/h.alshehri Definition: Proteins are macromolecules with a backbone formed by polymerization of amino acids. Proteins carry out a number of functions in living organisms: - They
The molecules of life. The molecules that make up living things are really big They are called macromolecules
Food Labels All living things use materials and energy Our food comes from living things The food labels we see show us what our food is made of The stuff we are studying today can be found on food labels
WATER CHAPTER 3 - BIOCHEMISTRY "THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE" POLARITY HYDROGEN BONDING
CHAPTER 3 - BIOCHEMISTRY "THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE" WATER Compare the body of the jellyfish with our own bodies. The jellyfish will die if it is removed from its water environment, yet we can live in the
McMush. Testing for the Presence of Biomolecules
Biology McMush Testing for the Presence of Biomolecules MATERIALS AND RESOURCES EACH GROUP aprons beaker, 250 ml 2 clamps, test tube goggles graduated cylinder, 50 ml paper towels test tube brush test
Exam 4 Outline CH 105 Spring 2012
Exam 4 Outline CH 105 Spring 2012 You need to bring a pencil and your ACT card. Chapter 24: Lipids 1. Describe the properties and types of lipids a. All are hydrophobic b. Fatty acid-based typically contain
Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes. 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Keystone Review Practice Test Module A Cells and Cell Processes 1. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. Ability to store hereditary information b. Use of organelles to control
Chapter 2. The Chemistry of Life Worksheets
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Worksheets (Opening image courtesy of David Iberri, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:camkii.png, and under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 3.0.) Lesson 2.1: Matter
Nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats. Chapter 5 Lesson 2
Nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats Chapter 5 Lesson 2 Carbohydrates Definition- the starches and sugars found in foods. Carbohydrates are the body s preferred source of energy providing four
Proteins. Proteins. Amino Acids. Most diverse and most important molecule in. Functions: Functions (cont d)
Proteins Proteins Most diverse and most important molecule in living i organisms Functions: 1. Structural (keratin in hair, collagen in ligaments) 2. Storage (casein in mother s milk) 3. Transport (HAEMOGLOBIN!)
Lipids. There are 2 types of lipids; those that contain the structural component of a fatty acid; and
Lipids Lipids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. soluble in organic solvents, but not in water. named for the Greek word lipos, which means fat. extracted from cells using
8/20/2012 H C OH H R. Proteins
Proteins Rubisco monomer = amino acids 20 different amino acids polymer = polypeptide protein can be one or more polypeptide chains folded & bonded together large & complex 3-D shape hemoglobin Amino acids
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes. Primary and Secondary Structure Tertiary and Quaternary Structure Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Primary and Secondary Structure Tertiary and Quaternary Structure Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation 1 Primary Structure of Proteins H 3 N The particular sequence of
Lipids. Classes of Lipids. Types of Lipids. Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Fatty Acids. 15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids
hapter 15 15.1 15.2 Fatty Acids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. soluble in organic solvents, but not in water. named for the Greek word lipos, which means fat. extracted
Conduct A Qualitative Test For Starch, Fat, A Reducing Sugar, A Protein
Conduct A Qualitative Test For Starch, Fat, A Reducing Sugar, A Protein Biology Leaving Cert Experiments Materials/Equipment Starch solution (1%) Iodine Solution Glucose Solution (1%) 100 C) Benedict s
18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview
18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview Protein: A large biological molecule made of many amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Alpha-amino acid: Compound with an amino group bonded
Determination of Specific Nutrients in Various Foods. Abstract. Humans need to consume food compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
Determination of Specific Nutrients in Various Foods Abstract Humans need to consume food compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins to meet their energy requirements. In this lab, reagents
Anatomy and Physiology Placement Exam 2 Practice with Answers at End!
Anatomy and Physiology Placement Exam 2 Practice with Answers at End! General Chemical Principles 1. bonds are characterized by the sharing of electrons between the participating atoms. a. hydrogen b.
Ch18_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch18_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) All of the following can be classified as biomolecules except A) lipids. B) proteins. C)
Chapter 12 - Proteins
Roles of Biomolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins 1) Catalytic 2) Transport 3) Regulatory 4) Structural 5) Contractile 6) Protective 7) Storage Nucleic Acids 12.1 -Amino Acids Chapter 12 - Proteins Amino
Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes 1 Functions of Proteins Proteins in the body are polymers made from 20 different amino acids differ in characteristics and functions that depend on the order
Digestive System Lecture 5 Winter 2014
Digestive System Lecture 5 Winter 2014 This lecture tells the story of the Flow of Matter from Food to Cells. The pictures are only there to help you visualize structures don t worry about names of structures
THE HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY
SECTION 4-1 REVIEW THE HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY Define the following terms. 1. cell 2. cell theory Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. One early piece of evidence supporting the cell theory was the
1.1.2. thebiotutor. AS Biology OCR. Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport. Module 1.2 Cell Membranes. Notes & Questions.
thebiotutor AS Biology OCR Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport Module 1.2 Cell Membranes Notes & Questions Andy Todd 1 Outline the roles of membranes within cells and at the surface of cells. The main
Structure of proteins
Structure of proteins Primary structure: is amino acids sequence or the covalent structure (50-2500) amino acids M.Wt. of amino acid=110 Dalton (56 110=5610 Dalton). Single chain or more than one polypeptide
LAB 3: DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES
LAB 3: DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES INTRODUCTION Enzymes are a special class of proteins that lower the activation energy of biological reactions. These biological catalysts change the rate of chemical
CHEM 121. Chapter 19, Name: Date:
CHEM 121. Chapter 19, Name: Date: 1. A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is A) soluble in water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents B) insoluble in both water and nonpolar solvents C) insoluble
An introduction to the biochemistry of diet.
An introduction to the biochemistry of diet. SEPA BioScience Montana Module 3 Introduction: The following provides a basic introduction to the biochemistry of three major nutritional components of your
I The THREE types of LIPIDS
LECTURE OUTLINE Chapter 5 The Lipids: Fats, Oils, Phospholipids and Sterols I The THREE types of LIPIDS A. Triglycerides (fats & oils)- the MAJOR type of lipid in food and humans. 1. 2 parts of triglyceridesa)
Built from 20 kinds of amino acids
Built from 20 kinds of amino acids Each Protein has a three dimensional structure. Majority of proteins are compact. Highly convoluted molecules. Proteins are folded polypeptides. There are four levels
Biology 13A Lab #13: Nutrition and Digestion
Biology 13A Lab #13: Nutrition and Digestion Lab #13 Table of Contents: Expected Learning Outcomes.... 102 Introduction...... 103 Food Chemistry & Nutrition.... 104 Activity 1: Testing for the Presence
1. When applying the process of science, which of these is tested? a. an observation b. a result c. a hypothesis d. a question e.
BCOR 11 Exam 1, 2004 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When applying the process of science, which of these is tested? a. an observation
Ch24_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch24_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Substances originating in plant or animal material and soluble in non-polar organic solvents
Helices From Readily in Biological Structures
The α Helix and the β Sheet Are Common Folding Patterns Although the overall conformation each protein is unique, there are only two different folding patterns are present in all proteins, which are α
Unit Vocabulary: o Organic Acid o Alcohol. o Ester o Ether. o Amine o Aldehyde
Unit Vocabulary: Addition rxn Esterification Polymer Alcohol Ether Polymerization Aldehyde Fermentation Primary Alkane Functional group Saponification Alkene Halide (halocarbon) Saturated hydrocarbon Alkyne
UNIT (11) MOLECULES OF LIFE: LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
UNIT (11) MOLECULES OF LIFE: LIPIDS AND PROTEINS 11.1 Types of Lipids Lipids are also biochemical compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. But lipids, unlike carbohydrates, share no common
Molecular Cell Biology
Harvey Lodish Arnold Berk Paul Matsudaira Chris A. Kaiser Monty Krieger Matthew P. Scott Lawrence Zipursky James Darnell Molecular Cell Biology Fifth Edition Chapter 2: Chemical Foundations Copyright 2004
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch23_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except A) The major physical
Digestive System Module 7: Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
OpenStax-CNX module: m49457 1 Digestive System Module 7: Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look Donna Browne Based on Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look by OpenStax This work is
Protein Physics. A. V. Finkelstein & O. B. Ptitsyn LECTURE 1
Protein Physics A. V. Finkelstein & O. B. Ptitsyn LECTURE 1 PROTEINS Functions in a Cell MOLECULAR MACHINES BUILDING BLOCKS of a CELL ARMS of a CELL ENZYMES - enzymatic catalysis of biochemical reactions
3120-1 - Page 1. Name:
Name: 1) Which series is arranged in correct order according to decreasing size of structures? A) DNA, nucleus, chromosome, nucleotide, nitrogenous base B) chromosome, nucleus, nitrogenous base, nucleotide,
3) How many monosaccharides are connected to each other in a disaccharide? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 2e (Frost) HOMEWORK Chapter 6 Carbohydrates Life s Sweet Molecules 6.1 Multiple-Choice 1) Which of the following is a polysaccharide? Glucose Sucrose C) Starch D) Maltose
The Chemistry of Carbohydrates
The Chemistry of Carbohydrates Experiment #5 Objective: To determine the carbohydrate class of an unknown by carrying out a series of chemical reactions with the unknown and known compounds in each class
Recap. Lecture 2. Protein conformation. Proteins. 8 types of protein function 10/21/10. Proteins.. > 50% dry weight of a cell
Lecture 2 Protein conformation ecap Proteins.. > 50% dry weight of a cell ell s building blocks and molecular tools. More important than genes A large variety of functions http://www.tcd.ie/biochemistry/courses/jf_lectures.php
Student name ID # 2. (4 pts) What is the terminal electron acceptor in respiration? In photosynthesis? O2, NADP+
1. Membrane transport. A. (4 pts) What ion couples primary and secondary active transport in animal cells? What ion serves the same function in plant cells? Na+, H+ 2. (4 pts) What is the terminal electron
2007 7.013 Problem Set 1 KEY
2007 7.013 Problem Set 1 KEY Due before 5 PM on FRIDAY, February 16, 2007. Turn answers in to the box outside of 68-120. PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THIS PRINTOUT. 1. Where in a eukaryotic cell do you
Unit 2: Cells, Membranes and Signaling CELL MEMBRANE. Chapter 5 Hillis Textbook
Unit 2: Cells, Membranes and Signaling CELL MEMBRANE Chapter 5 Hillis Textbook HOW DOES THE LAB RELATE TO THE NEXT CHAPTER? SURFACE AREA: the entire outer covering of a cell that enables materials pass.
Digestive System Functions
Digestive System Functions A. Gastrointestinal Processes 1. Ingestion: placing food in mouth (voluntary) 2. Propulsion: moving food through GI tract a. Peristalsis: alternating waves of contraction and
IV. -Amino Acids: carboxyl and amino groups bonded to -Carbon. V. Polypeptides and Proteins
IV. -Amino Acids: carboxyl and amino groups bonded to -Carbon A. Acid/Base properties 1. carboxyl group is proton donor! weak acid 2. amino group is proton acceptor! weak base 3. At physiological ph: H
Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry
Chapter 13 Organic Chemistry 13-1. Carbon Bonds 13-2. Alkanes 13-3. Petroleum Products 13-4. Structural Formulas 13-5. Isomers 13-6. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 13-7. Benzene 13-8. Hydrocarbon Groups 13-9.
Sugars, Starches, and Fibers Are All Carbohydrates
Sugars, Starches, and Fibers Are All Carbohydrates What are carbohydrates? Today's food advertisements call them carbs, but they are not all the same. They are a group of compounds that have some similarities
What happens to the food we eat? It gets broken down!
Enzymes Essential Questions: What is an enzyme? How do enzymes work? What are the properties of enzymes? How do they maintain homeostasis for the body? What happens to the food we eat? It gets broken down!
Chapter 49 - Nutrients and the Digestive System I. Nutrients (chemical substances necessary for organisms to grow and function properly)
Chapter 49 - Nutrients and the Digestive System I. Nutrients (chemical substances necessary for organisms to grow and function properly) 6 basic nutrients - 4 food groups (milk, meat, fruit and vegetable,
How To Understand The Human Body
Introduction to Biology and Chemistry Outline I. Introduction to biology A. Definition of biology - Biology is the study of life. B. Characteristics of Life 1. Form and size are characteristic. e.g. A
NO CALCULATORS OR CELL PHONES ALLOWED
Biol 205 Exam 1 TEST FORM A Spring 2008 NAME Fill out both sides of the Scantron Sheet. On Side 2 be sure to indicate that you have TEST FORM A The answers to Part I should be placed on the SCANTRON SHEET.
Reactions of Fats and Fatty Acids
Reactions of Fats and Fatty Acids Outline Fats and Oils Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Biodiesel Homework We hear quite a lot about the place of fats and oils in human nutrition. Foods high in fat are at the
Digestive System Why is digestion important? How is food digested? Physical Digestion and Movement
Digestive System The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus and other organs that help the body break down
I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í
I V E S T I E D Z V J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á Í AMIAIDS PEPTIDES AMIAIDS = substitutional/functional derivatives of carboxylic acids = basic units of proteins (2-aminoacids) General formula of 2-aminoacids (α-aminoacids):
7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions
7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions Multiple choice questions 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 B Structured questions 11 a i Maintenance of a constant internal environment within set limits i Concentration
Preliminary MFM Quiz
Preliminary MFM Quiz 1. The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is: A) adenosine monophosphate B) adenosine diphosphate C) adenosine trisphosphate D) guanosine trisphosphate E) carbamoyl phosphate
Pipe Cleaner Proteins. Essential question: How does the structure of proteins relate to their function in the cell?
Pipe Cleaner Proteins GPS: SB1 Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. Essential question: How does the structure of proteins relate to their
AP BIOLOGY 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP BIOLOGY 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 1. The physical structure of a protein often reflects and affects its function. (a) Describe THREE types of chemical bonds/interactions found in proteins.
Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1
Cellular Respiration: Practice Questions #1 1. Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction? A. Energy is being stored as a result of aerobic respiration. B. Fermentation