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1 35 1 Human Body Systems 1 of 33
2 The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include: cells tissues organs organ systems 2 of 33
3 Cells A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Individual cells in multicellular organisms are specialized. Specialized cells are suited to perform a particular function. 3 of 33
4 Tissues Epithelial tissue includes glands and tissues that cover interior and exterior body surfaces. Connective tissue supports the body and connects its parts. Nervous tissue transmits nerve impulses through the body. Muscle tissue, along with bones, enables the body to move. 4 of 33
5 Organs and Organ Systems A group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a single function is called an organ. A group of organs that perform closely related functions is an organ system. There are eleven organ systems in the body. 5 of 33
6 Nervous System Structures: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves 6 of 33
7 Integumentary System Structures: Skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands 7 of 33
8 Skeletal System Structures: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons 8 of 33
9 Muscular System Structures: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle 9 of 33
10 Circulatory System Structures: Heart, blood vessels, blood Function: Brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection; removes cell wastes; helps to regulate body temperature 10 of 33
11 Respiratory System Structures: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs 11 of 33
12 Digestive System Structures: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum 12 of 33
13 Excretory System Structures: Skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra 13 of 33
14 Endocrine System Structures: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries (in females), testes (in males) 14 of 33
15 Reproductive System Structures: Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, and penis (in males), ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina (in females) 15 of 33
16 Lymphatic/Immune Systems Structures: White blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels 16 of 33
17 Maintaining Homeostasis Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments. Homeostasis in the body is maintained by feedback inhibition. 17 of 33
18 Maintaining Homeostasis An Example of Feedback Inhibition Thermostat senses temperature change and switches off heating system Room temperature increases Room temperature decreases Thermostat senses temperature change and switches on heating system 18 of 33
19 Maintaining Homeostasis The hypothalamus monitors the temperature of the skin and the temperature of organs. If core body temperature drops, the hypothalamus: causes blood vessels in the skin to constrict reducing heat loss from skin. causes the skeletal muscles to contract involuntarily to shiver. This causes the body temperature to increase. 19 of 33
20 Maintaining Homeostasis If the core body temperature increases, the hypothalamus: causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate so heat can escape from the skin. the body produces sweat, which cools the body by evaporation. This causes the body temperature to decrease. 20 of 33
21 35 1 Continue to: - or - Click to Launch: 21 of 33
22 35 1 Which of the following organ systems transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells? a. circulatory system b. muscular system c. excretory system d. nervous system 22 of 33
23 35 1 The type of tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together is called a. muscle tissue. b. epithelial tissue. c. connective tissue. d. skeletal tissue. 23 of 33
24 35 1 One major function of the integumentary system is to a. help regulate body temperature. b. cause the body to move. c. provide a surface for gas exchange. d. control growth, development, and metabolism. 24 of 33
25 35 1 Which of the following is NOT an example of feedback inhibition? a. shivering to warm the body b. sweating to cool the body c. nervous tissue receiving messages d. turning on the heating system of a house 25 of 33
26 35 1 The process by which an organism keeps internal conditions relatively constant is called a. a feedback loop. b. negative feedback. c. homeostasis. d. normal temperature. 26 of 33
27 END OF SECTION
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