Energy Storages in Smart Energy Systems

Transcription

1 Workshop on Future Energy Storage Demand in Energy Systems Aalborg University, 4 November 2015 Energy Storages in Smart Energy Systems Henrik Lund Professor in Energy Planning Aalborg University

2 The Energy Planning Research Group Who are we..?

3 The Energy Planning Research Group What do we do? Energy Planning (Theories, Methodologies, Tools, Analyses, Case studies and Proposals) Energy System Analysis (incl. GIS) Hydro water Hydro storage Hydro power plant Electricity storage system Import/ Export fixed and variable Electricity demand RES electricity PP Cooling device Cooling demand Fuel CHP Heat pump and electric boiler Heat demand Feasibility Studies RES heat Boiler H2 storage Electrolyser Cars Industry Heat storage Transport demand Process heat demand Public Regulation

4 Lokale energimarkeder og MOSAIK DESIRE (EU-project): ESA in diff. European countries IDA Energiplan 2030: 100 per cent RES scenarios CEESA (VTU-project): ESA and LCA etc. 4DH: 4th Generation District Heating & Partners: DTU-MR, Risø-sys Wind Power: - 2 PhD-projects Partners: VESTAS Waste-tecn.: - M. Münster PhD-project - ENSUWE - 3R research-school Heat Pumps - M. Blarke PhD-project - PSO-project - Vækstforum-project Partners: Energinet.dk, TI, Advansor, EMD, DF etc. CAES: - PSO-project Public Regulation Partners: DTU-MEK, DONG, Energinet.dk, EMD Energy System Analysis and GIS Feasibility Studies H 2 Fuel Cells: - B. Vad M. PhD-project - RES-FC (EU-project) - H2-project (PSO) Partners: Risø, Topsøe FC, Energinet.dk, H2- Logic etc. Partners: AAU-IET, DTU-Ørsted, etc. District Heating: - DH-project RES-Transport: - G. Salgi PhD-project - CEESA WP2 - H2-project (PSO) Electric Grid: - MOSAIK - CEESA WP3 Partners: DF, Rambøll,etc. Partners: AAU-IET, KU-Life, DTU-MR, DONG, etc. Zero Building: - PhD-project (NN) - (coming: VTU-project) Partners: AAU-Building, AAU- SBI V2G: Partners: Willett Kempton, Delaware University

5 Renewable Energy Systems A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the Choice and Modeling of 100% Renewable Solutions 1. Edition in Edition in 2014 New Chapter on Smart Energy Systems and Infrastructures

6 The long-term Objective of Danish Energy Policy Expressed by former Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen in his opening speech to the Parliament in 2006 and in several political agreements since then: To convert to 100% Renewable Energy Prime minister 16 November 2008: We will free Denmark totally from fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas Prime minister 16 November 2008: position Denmark in the heart of green growth

7 100% Renewable Energy 2050 but how???!!

8 Smart Energy Systems

9 Smart Energy Systems The key to cost-efficient 100% Renewable Energy A sole focus on renewable electricity (smart grid) production leads to electricity storage and flexible demand solutions! Looking at renewable electricity as a part smart energy systems including heating, industry, gas and transportation opens for cheaper and better solutions Power-to-Heat Power-to-Gas Power-to-Transport

10 Pump Hydro Storage 175 /kwh (Source: Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits. Electric Power Research Institute, 2010) Energy Storage Thermal Storage 1-4 /kwh (Source: Danish Technology Catalogue, 2012) Oil Tank 0.02 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Natural Gas Underground Storage 0.05 /kwh (Source: Current State Of and Issues Concerning Underground Natural Gas Storage. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2004)

11 Price ( /MWh) 0.16 m3 Thermal Storage /MWh (Private house: 160 liter for DKK) Thermal Storage Thermal storage: Price and Size 6200 m3 Thermal Storage 2500 /MWh (Skagen: 6200 m3 for 5.4 mio. DKK) liter 4 m m m3 4 m3 Thermal Storage 40,000 /MWh (Private outdoor: 4000 m3 for 50,000 DKK) 200,000 m3 Thermal Storage 500 /MWh (Vojens: 200,000 m3 for 30 mio. DKK)

12 Price ( /MWh) Pump Hydro Storage 100 /kwh (Source: Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station, Germany, Electricity Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage 125 /kwh (Source: ticle/pii/s ) Electricity Storage: Price and Size Tesla PowerWall Fully Installed Sodium-Sulphur Battery CAES Pumped Hydro 3.3 kw 50 MW 350 MW 1000 MW Tesla PowerWall 800 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Sodium-Sulphur Battery 600 /kwh (Source: Table 4: oshay1/docs/epri.pdf)

13 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Heat

14 Four different technologies Electric heating Traditional System 300 units of fuel Power Station 80 Elec. 40 units of electrcity Electric heating 80 units of heat 200 units of fuel 100 units of fuel 100 units of fuel Power Station Boiler 40 units of electricity 80 units of heat CHP System Integrated System with renewable energy 135 units of fuel CHP plant 40 units of electricity 80 units of heat Wind turbine 85 units of fuel 20 elec. CHP unit 10 elec. 40 units of electricity 45 heat Heat Pump 80 units of heat

15 Domestic heating

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18 Heat Roadmap Europe

19 STRATEGO WP2 Enhanced National Heating and Cooling Strategies Presenter Name (i.e. David Connolly) Title (i.e. Associate Professor in Energy Planning) Presenter Organisation (i.e. Aalborg University) Presenter (i.e. Host Organisation (i.e. DG Energy) Host Location (i.e. Brussels, Belgium) Date (i.e. 12 th May 2015)

20 Specific Map & Summary Report Available for Each Country Czech Republic Croatia 20 Italy Romania United Kingdom

21 100% Renewable Energy 2050 the overall system..

22 IDA Energiplan 2030

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24 100% Renewable Energy in Primær energiforsyning 100% VE i år 2050, PJ , Eksport VE-el Solvarme Biomasse Naturgas Olie Kul Ref 2030 IDA 2030 IDA 2050 Bio IDA 2050 Vind IDA 2050 Biomass potentials and consumtion in IDA 2030, PJ DEA potential IDA 2030 Max potential Waste Energy crops Slurry fibre fraction Slurry biogas Wood Straw

25 CEESA Project 2011/2012

26 TransportPLAN modeling and profiling in CEESA Particular focus due to large challenges: >95% reliant on oil High increase historically Large potential for electric cars and direct electricity but.. Specific challenges in bringing in electricity in sea, aviation and good transport

27 CEESA Project 2011/2012 Transport: Electric vehicles is best from an energy efficient point of view. But gas and/or liquid fuels is needed to transform to 100%. Biomass:.. is a limited resource and can not satisfy all the transportation needs. Consequence Electricity from Wind (and similar resources) needs to be converted to gas and liquied fuels in the long-term perspective

28 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Transportation

29 Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Electricity (111 PJ) Electricity (111 PJ) Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Biomass [Glucose] Biomass (60 PJ) [Cellulose] (65 PJ) Electricity (83.5 PJ) H 2 O (2.6 Mt) Electric Grid 1 6 PJ 3 Electric Grid 1 Electricity 1.9 Mt (178 PJ) Electricity Electricity (100 PJ) CO (100 PJ) 2 OR OR 294 Gpkm 313 Gpkm Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Power Plant Electricity (83 PJ) H 2 O (2.3 Mt) 0.6 PJ Freight is not applicable Marginal Heat 3 (7.6 PJ) 323 Gtkm Resource Anaerobic Conversion Chemical Process Transport Fuel 61 Gpkm Transport Demand OR Digester Hydrogenation Synthesis 59 PJ Steam Electricity Chemical 61 Gpkm Hydrogenation OR Gasifier Biogas Synthesis Methane (50 GJ) (100 PJ 2 ) 83 PJ Syngas 36 Gtkm Power Plant Heat Methane Biomass 1 (100 PJ 2 ) Electrolyser Resource 1 Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand (77 PJ) H 2 36 Gtkm (60.5 PJ) Carbon H 2 Sequestration (72.2 & PJ) Chemical Electricity Electrolyser 2 1 Recycling 3 Hydrogenation OR 52 Gpkm Synthesis (7.3 PJ) H Mt (60.5 PJ) Biomass CO 2 Methanol/DME Power Plant ( Mt PJ) (7 Mt) Marginal Heat 1 CO (62.6 PJ 2 2 ) 31 Gtkm (50.2 PJ) (4.4 Mt) or 4.5Mt Co-electrolysis 4 Chemical OR 83 Gpkm Synthesis Straw (401.7 PJ) H 2 O (5.7 Mt) PJ Electricity (307 PJ) 3.4 PJ 3 Electrolyser 6 Syngas (139 PJ) Fermenter Low & High Temperature Gasification 7 Methanol/DME (100 PJ 5 ) Lignin (197.7 PJ) C5 Sugars (92.8 PJ) 50 Gtkm Ethanol (100 PJ) OR 67 Gpkm 39 Gtkm 4 H 2 O (15.5 Mt) 11 5 Mt 1 Mt 3.5 Mt H 2 (149.4 PJ) Hydrogenation Chemical Synthesis Methanol/DME (337.5 PJ 2 ) OR 279 Gpkm 169 Gtkm

30 Smart Energy Systems The key to cost-efficient 100% Renewable Energy A sole focus on renewable electricity (smart grid) production leads to electricity storage and flexible demand solutions! Looking at renewable electricity as a part smart energy systems including heating, industry, gas and transportation opens for cheaper and better solutions Power-to-Heat Power-to-Gas Power-to-Transport

31 Smart Grid (2005) No definition. However it can be understood from the context that a smart grid is a power network using modern computer and communication technology to achieve a network which can better deal with potential failures.

32 Smart Grid - definitions A smart grid is an electricity grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. (U.S. Department of Energy) Smart Grids concerns an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. (SmartGrids European Technology Platform, 2006). A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can cost efficiently integrate the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it generators, consumers and those that do both in order to ensure economically efficient, sustainable power system with low losses and high levels of quality and security of supply and safety. (European Commission, 2011) Smart grids are networks that monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end users. The widespread deployment of smart grids is crucial to achieving a more secure and sustainable energy future. (International Energy Agency 2013).

33 Smart heating and cooling grids In the European Commission s strategy [7] for a competitive, sustainable and secure Energy 2020, the need for high efficiency cogeneration, district heating and cooling is highlighted (page 8). The paper launches projects to promote, among others, smart electricity grids along with smart heating and cooling grids (page 16).

34 Smart Energy Systems Smart Electricity Grids are define as electricity infrastructures that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. Smart Smart Energy Thermal Systems Grids (District define Heating as an and approach Cooling) is in a which network Smart of pipes connecting the buildings in a neighbourhood, town centre or whole city, so that Electricity, Thermal and Gas Grids are combined and coordinated to they can be served from a centralised plant as well as from a number of identify synergies between them in order to achieve an optimal solution distributed heat and/or cooling producing units including individual contributions for from each the individual connected sector buildings. as well as for the overall energy system. Gas Smart Grids are defined as gas infrastructures that can intelligent integrate the actions of all users connected to it - supplies, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure gas supplies and storage.

35 Energi System Analyse Model Import/ Hydro Hydro Electricity Export Hydro water fixed and storage power plant storage variable system RES electricity Fuel RES heat PP CHP Boiler H2 storage Electrolyser Heat pump and electric boiler Cars Industry Cooling device Heat storage Electricity demand Cooling demand Heat demand Transport demand Process heat demand

36 Smart Energy Systems: Hourly modelling of all smart grids to identify synergies! and influence of different types of energy storage..!

37 CEESA Project 2011/2012 Smart Energy Systems: Integrated use of Power-To-Heat, Power- To-Transport and Power-To-Gas/Liquid fuel RES integration: Hourly balance of wind etc. by use of thermal and gas/fuel storage. (Least-cost solution) No electricity storage except from batteries in cars

38 Pump Hydro Storage 175 /kwh (Source: Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits. Electric Power Research Institute, 2010) Energy Storage Thermal Storage 1-4 /kwh (Source: Danish Technology Catalogue, 2012) Oil Tank 0.02 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Natural Gas Underground Storage 0.05 /kwh (Source: Current State Of and Issues Concerning Underground Natural Gas Storage. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2004)

39 More information: