Australian Activities in Clean Hydrogen from Coal & Natural Gas. Dr John K Wright Director CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program

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1 Australian Activities in Clean Hydrogen from Coal & Natural Gas Dr John K Wright Director CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program

2 Outline Characteristics of energy in Australia Energy responses Clean Hydrogen from Coal and Natural Gas Close

3 Australian Energy Plentiful reserves of high quality, available black and brown coal Increasing proven gas reserves natural gas and coal seam methane Declining indigenous oil High solar thermal, wind and hot rock potential No nuclear power Limited hydro power Cost effective energy supply sector High GHG emissions intensity Awareness of the need for a low emissions response

High solar thermal, wind and hot rock potential No nuclear power Limited hydro power Cost

4 Energy Responses / Initiatives National Research Priority reduce and sequester carbon dioxide emissions from transport and stationary energy The cooperative Research Centre program the CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development the CRC for Clean Power from Lignite the CRC for CO 2 management COAL21 The Queensland Low Emissions Technology Centre CSIRO s Energy Transformed Flagship Program National Hydrogen Study Proposed Hydrogen CRC Range of University R&D programs in production and storage of hydrogen Australian membership of the CSLF and IPHE

for CO 2 management COAL21 The Queensland Low Emissions Technology Centre CSIRO s Energy Transformed Flagship Program National Hydrogen

5 Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (1) Main activity through COAL21 (Commenced March 2003) Partnership between the coal and electricity industries, federal governments and the R&D community Objective to create a national plan to scope, develop, demonstrate and implement near zero emissions coal fired power Provides the umbrella organisation for the advancement of near zero emissions technology in Australia Effectively a long term plan for generation of hydrogen from Australian coal

develop, demonstrate and implement near zero emissions coal fired power Provides the umbrella organisation for the

6 Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (2) Organisations working with COAL21 CCSD providing coal gasification technology CO 2 CRC Capture and sequestration technology (from coal gasification and natural gas) Queensland LET Centre coal gas processing (gas cleaning, processing, separation) The CSIRO Energy Transformed Program works through the CRCs and independently on aspects of CO2 capture, CO 2 sequestration, hydrogen production and applications The route to the hydrogen economy in Australia is likely to be dominated by fossil fuels

processing, separation) The CSIRO Energy Transformed Program works through the CRCs and independently on aspects of CO2 capture, CO 2

7 Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (3) Hydrogen Economy Progress towards the hydrogen economy Snovit In Salah Commercial Projects GTL FutureGen Gorgon Community acceptance of geosequestration IGCC Effective integration of CO 2 capture & storage CSS retrofit Improved separation H 2 distribution system H 2 car Zero emission electricity Improved fuel cells Research H 2 car Research Projects? Increased hydrogen use Demo gasifier Enhanced CSM Pilot capture projects Source: CO 2 CRC

CSS retrofit Improved separation H 2 distribution system H 2 car Zero emission electricity Improved fuel cells Research H 2

8 Hydrogen from Natural Gas Solar Thermal Water CO 2 to disposal / sequestration Fossil Fuel (CH 4 ) Solar Thermal Fuel Reforming CO/H 2 /CO 2 H 2 /CO 2 H 2 -fuel Water Gas Shift Conversion CO 2 Recovery Advanced Power Generation ~ water CO + H 2 O(l ) H 2 + CO KJ Fuel cells Gas turbines Cogeneration etc CH 4 + H 2 O(l ) KJ CO + 3H 2 Solar hydrogen production for: Fuel cell electricity generation from hydrogen transport applications (eg hythane ) Hydrogen for refining of heavier crude oils

2 O(l ) H 2 + CO 2 + 3 KJ Fuel cells Gas turbines Cogeneration etc CH 4 + H 2 O(l ) + 250 KJ CO + 3H 2 Solar hydrogen

9 Hydrogen from Natural Gas (2)

10 Hydrogen from Natural Gas (3)

11 Closing The main driver for hydrogen activities in Australia is GHG intensity reduction The hydrogen agenda is likely to be initially controlled by the development of low emission fossil fuel development The prospectivity for hydrogen production using renewable energy is high, but cost is a major barrier International partnerships are being sought for coal to hydrogen and gas to hydrogen technologies

development The prospectivity for hydrogen production using renewable energy is high, but cost is a

12 Contact Information COAL21 CRC for Coal in Sustainable Energy CRC for Clean Power from Lignite CRC for CO2 Management (CO2 CRC) The CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program The Queensland Low Emission Technology Centre The National Hydrogen Study Australian Institute of Energy

energytransformed.csiro.au The Queensland Low Emission Technology Centre cliff.mallett@csiro.

13 Back-up slides

14 Who Are We? By igniting the creative spirit of our people, we deliver great science and innovative solutions for industry, society and the environment

15 What We Do Divisional Research IT, Manufacturing & Services Environment & Natural Resources Sustainable Minerals & Energy Agribusiness & Health Textile & Fibre Technology Mathematical & Information Sciences Molecular Science Telecommunications & Industrial Physics Manufacturing & Infrastructure Tech. Marine Research Entomology Land and Water Sustainable Ecosystems Atmospheric Research Minerals Exploration & Mining Petroleum Resources Energy Technology Food Science Australia Forestry & Forest Products Health Sciences & Nutrition Livestock Industries Plant Industry Australia Telescope National Facility Multi Divisional Flagship Programs Healthy Country Wealth from Oceans Climate Agri-Food Top 5 Light Metals Clean Coal Syndicate Preventative Health Energy Transformed Secure Australia

Marine Research Entomology Land and Water Sustainable Ecosystems Atmospheric Research Minerals Exploration & Mining Petroleum Resources Energy Technology Food Science Australia Forestry & Forest

16 Who Are We? You may know us already CSIRO ranks in the top 1% of world scientific institutions in 11 of 22 research fields 60% of our staff hold university degrees >1800 doctorates > 430 masters degrees 6300 staff located at 65 sites 3 overseas labs 7 international locations 3500 patents granted or pending Citations per publication are 30% above world average More than 163 companies are based on CSIRO intellectual property

fields 60% of our staff hold university degrees >1800 doctorates > 430 masters degrees 6300 staff located

17 The Opportunity GWh A $30b+ opportunity for new technology implementation Supply from Existing Plant Demand (ESAA) Year Many existing plants still operating in 2030

Plant Demand (ESAA) 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Year

18 Energy Tension Economy Energy Tension Environment GDP growth Competitive industry Expanding exports Cost, quantity, quality of supply Generation efficiency Fossil fuel usage Clean air GHG emissions Energy Technology Technology Roadmaps Clean, Internationally Competitive, Reliable and Secure Energy Services

efficiency Fossil fuel usage Clean air GHG emissions Energy Technology

19 Energy Transformed Roadmap: Taking the emissions out of Stationary Energy and Transport Short Term (1 3 years) Medium Term (4 9 Years) Long Term ( 10+ Years) Theme Goals Theme 1: Energy Futures Development & reporting of a National Energy model Update of model with feedback to R&D strategy and energy policy requirements Optimum routes to the Hydrogen Economy Identification of optimum energy pathways Theme 2: Low Emission Electricity Feasibility of CO 2 storage in coal strata / aquifers New IP in gas processing / CO 2 capture Facilitation / involvement in zero emissions coal to H 2 pilot plant Large scale H 2 from fossil fuels Cost effective electricity meeting Australia s GHG commitments Theme 3: Low Emission Transport Mild hybrid vehicle development Series hybrid development ITS Systems developed Intelligent transport / H2 fuel cell cars implemented Transport innovations meeting cost and emission targets Theme 4: Low Emissions Distributed Energy Innovative waste heat utilisation IP Decentralised power with information feedback Remote controlled, 80% efficiency heat / power / cooling supply systems Supply options based on H 2 Distributed Generation solutions to GHG emissions

pathways Theme 2: Low Emission Electricity Feasibility of CO 2 storage in coal strata / aquifers New IP in gas processing / CO 2 capture Facilitation / involvement in zero emissions coal to H 2 pilot

20 Energy Transformed Flagship Sites for CO2 Sequestration Potential Potential sites Unproduced high CO2 gas field Emission Node * 102 sites analysed * 65 proved viable CO2 storage sites * 22 sites not viable; 15 regional basin overviews All Sites Examined by GEODISC Program Source: APCRC, GEODISC, Geoscience Australia

proved viable CO2 storage sites * 22 sites not viable; 15 regional basin

21 GHG Emissions Sources Other Nat Gas 40 6 Petroleum 38 Coal Stationary Energy (Electricity) Transport Agriculture Land Use, Forestry Waste Other Industrial Percent Source: AGO (2002) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory

22 Annual Growth in GDP and Primary Energy Consumption % Economic Growth Energy Consumption

23 Energy Transformed Flagship Industrial Electricity Cost Comparison Japan Italy Singapore Netherlands Belgium Portugal United Kingdom Ireland Argentian Croatia Spain Czech Republic Taiwan Korea Greece France Germany Poland Hungary Luxembourg Uinted States (NC) Czech Republic Canada AUSTRALIA Finland South Africa

24 PJ Growth in energy consumption NSW Vic QLD WA SA Tas NT Source: ABARE

25 Energy Transformed Theme 2 Low Emission Electricity Theme 3 Low Emission Transport Theme 4 Low Emission Distributed Energy Stream 1 Electricity from Fossil Fuels Stream 2 Electricity from Renewable Sources Stream 1 Hydrogen ready vehicle technology Stream 2 Intelligent Transport Stream 1 Distributed generation Stream 2 Waste heat utilisation Stream 3 Energy management technologies Theme 1: Energy Futures Stream 1 System constraints Stream 2 Scenarios & Technology Diffusion Stream 3 Social & Environmental Impacts

Six greenhouse gases covered by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol are:

Six greenhouse gases covered by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol are: Fact sheet: The need for mitigation United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Along with adaptation, mitigation is one of the two central approaches in the international climate change process.