Establishing a European Green Gas Market - Steps toward a low carbon economy

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1 Establishing a European Green Gas Market - Steps toward a low carbon economy Copenhagen, 24 November 2011 Knud Boesgaard Sørensen KBS@Energinet.dk 1

2 Facts about Energinet.dk Independent Public Enterprise Owned by the Danish State Non-profit self sustainable company Owns and operates the backbone of the energy infrastructure 400 kilovolt High voltage electricity grid 80 bar high pressure gas lines Nord Pool Spot Nord Pool Gas Conveys a number of energy related public functions Subsidies for green energy production Funds energy research Member of The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas/ Electricity (ENTSOG/ ENTSOE) 2

backbone of the energy infrastructure 400 kilovolt High voltage electricity grid 80 bar high pressure gas lines Nord Pool

3 Working towards a CO2 neutral energy system Fossil free energy system % wind 2020 Smart grids as an intelligent power system Potential for gas in the transport sector LNG as a low carbon option for ships Interlinking wind and gas systems Renewable gasses as a supplement to natural gas 3

for gas in the transport sector LNG as a low carbon option for ships

4 Agenda What is Renewable Gas? Energinet.dk s vision for RE-gasses Market integration of RE-gasses Virtual upgrade? 4

5 Agenda What is Renewable Gas? Energinet.dk s vision for RE-gasses Market integration of RE-gasses Virtual upgrade? 5

6 The natural carbon cycle Atmoshperic CO 2 Fotosynthesis Respiration / burning Fotochemical oxidation Methane (CH 4 ) Biomass (nc 5 H 7 O 2 N) Fermentation Sedimentation Weathering Organic sediments (C x H y ) 6

7 The natural carbon cycle Atmoshperic CO 2 Fotochemical oxidation Fotosynthesis BALANCE Respiration / burning Biomasse Fermentation Sedimentation Weathering Organic sediments (C x H y ) 7

8 The carbon cycle in the present day energy system Atmospheric CO 2 Photosynthesis Combustion Biomass Biofuels Sedimentaton Fossile fuels Organic sediments 8

9 The carbon cycle in the present day energy system Atmospheric CO 2 Fotosynthesis IMBALANCE Combustion Biomasse Biofuels Sedimentaton Fossile fuels Organic sediments 9

10 Definition on Green Gasses Atmospheric CO 2 Photosynthesis Combustion Biomass Biofuels 10

11 Green gas carbon cycle Atmospheric CO 2 Fotosynthesis BALANCE Combustion Biomass Biomasse Biofuels 11

12 Green gas production technologies Biogas Thermal gasification Catalytic gasification (SOEC/SOFC) + other many other new production technologies - Elektrofilic bacteria - Hydrogenisation of biomass 12

other many other new production technologies -

13 Agenda What is Renewable Gas? Energinet.dk s vision for RE-gasses Market integration of RE-gasses Virtual upgrade? 13

14 Green gasses in the energy system Atmospheric CO 2 Biomass CCS 14

15 The energy system of the future - the gas system as a stable foundation Indhold 15

16 Four scenarios to 2050 > focus on wind-scenario Fossilfree CO2 neutral Wind-scenario Limited biomass (200 PJ) 700 Bio-scenario Unlimited biomass CDM-spor 50% CO2 reductions in DK CCS-scenario 100 % CO2 reductions in DK Windpower a huge ressource in the Nordic region 600 PJ/år Ekstra 7 GW vind offshore mv. spor Biomasse import Kvotekøb (fx CDM) CCS Olie Kul Naturgas Bio, affald og geotermi Vind, sol og bølge Vindspor 2050 Vind Vind Bio CDM CCS 16

huge ressource in the Nordic region 600 PJ/år 500 400 300 200 Ekstra 7 GW vind offshore mv.

17 Integration of additional 3,000 MW wind power a for vision 2025 Today: 2020: + 3,000 MW MW Demand MW Demand GW vind? Windpower Windpower uge uge Wind power Minimum controllable power generation Consumption 17

18 Power balancing and stability in power system Storage Kapacitet capacity i lagring (electricity (input el) input) Gas-system Heat pumps in District VP i fjernvarme Heating Ind. Heat Indiv. pumps VP Electric vehicles Elbiler Energy storage as methan (exist. gas storage) (Energy amount hydrogen storage) Season storage Energy content =100 GWh Seconds Minuts Hours Days Weeks Months 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 Investment prices (2050) in energy storage 0,5 DKK/kWh (methan) 3-7 DKK/kWh (heat) Electric batteries (VRB): DKK/kWh (el) 18

gas storage) (Energy amount hydrogen storage) Season storage Energy content =100 GWh Seconds Minuts Hours Days Weeks Months 0 0,2 0,4

19 2025 natural gas, 2050 Green gas 19

20 Danish Biogas Production target 20,0 17,5 15,0 12,5 PJ Target: 20 PJ in ,0 7,5 5,0 2,5 - Biogas production Biogas consumption PJ upgraded in 2015?

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Biogas consumption 2002 2004

21 The Germans did it 21

22 The Germans did it 20,0 17,5 15,0 12,5 10,0 7,5 PJ Target: 20 PJ in ,0 2,5 - Biogas production Biogas consumption

23 Agenda What is Renewable Gas? Energinet.dk s vision for RE-gasses Market integration of RE-gasses Virtual upgrade? 23

24 The development of the electrical grid now 24

25 Development in the gas sector ? Biogas Thermal gasification Electrolyse Tentative illustration 25

26 2050? Decentral production 2025 Different RE-gasses Several subnets Full biomass utilization CO2 as a resource A internet or three 26

27 The Danish gas market Virtual points GTF (bilateral trade) NPTF (Gas stock) Link4Hubs (NL & D) Exit zone Bionatural gas entry point Nybro Dragør (S) Ellund 27

28 Potential barriers for biogas certificates Communication. Have to explain that gas trade is virtual Virtual trade in the ETS Directive -> redemption of CO2 qoutes Virtual trade in the RE Directive -> Biogas in transport and 20/20/20 target compliance 28

29 Biogas in the Danish Gas market model Gas market Bionaturgas entry punkt Gas system Gas storage North sea Tilstødende systemer Lager Tilstødende Adjacent systems Lager Tilstødende Tilstødende systemer Production measuring Aalborg Gasforsyning Consumption measuring Consumers 29

30 X Consumption Upgrade Biogas producer Production 30

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