Energy Infrastructure Day. Why does a consultant become shareholder of a Power-to-Gas company? Hans Poser, Munich, 6 November 2014

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1 Energy Infrastructure Day Why does a consultant become shareholder of a Power-to-Gas company? Hans Poser, Munich, 6 November 2014

2 Average wind and PV production will be close to average demand around noon in Germany Day profile in 2050 Assumptions Installed capacity wind increases Onshore with net 2.5 GW annually Offshore to 6.5 GW until 2020 and to 15 GW until 2030 Installed capacity PV increases with net 2.5 GW annually As a basis the German load curve for 2013 was applied and assumed constant Ø GW Increase installed capacity PV from 35 GW to 127 GW until 2050 Increase installed capacity wind from 32 GW to 140 GW until 2050 PV 2013 Wind 2013 Load Germany Sources: EEX transparancy data, Entsoe, Finadvice analysis

3 '169 1'461 1'753 2'045 2'337 2'629 2'921 3'213 3'505 3'797 4'089 4'381 4'673 4'965 5'257 5'549 5'841 6'133 6'425 6'717 7'009 7'301 7'593 7'885 8'177 8'469 If volatility of load and production is included, many hours with surplus result without taking into account other must-run production Residual load Germany (load duration curve) Further effects have to be taken into account, e.g. Some thermal plants need to run to stabilize the system with minimum load requirements CHP may have to run to supply heat or steam Further renewables to be included e.g. Hydro plants Geothermal plants Should all this power be discarded? GW Sources: EEX transparancy data, Entsoe, Finadvice analysis

4 Power-to-gas can transform unused power from wind and PV plants to produce methane (SNG) Synthetic Natural Gas can be easily stored and transported Power grid CO 2 Gas grid Renewable gas Power surplus from wind and solar Electrolysis P2G Methanation H 2 SNG* for renewable long-range mobility with natural gas vehicles for renewable heat volatile feed-in from renewable sources Gas-to-Power (Gas turbine, CHP, ) in industry (hydrogen / methane) in the power sector (gas turbine, CHP) Gas storage 4 Source: ETOGAS; SNG: Synthetic Natural Gas

5 Secure supply of power, heat and gas through combination of renewable sources even suitable for islands and small grids Low wind Power grid Gas grid Secure and continuous power supply CHP plant Secure gas supply Gas storage Continuous heat supply 5 Source: ETOGAS

6 Secure supply of power, heat and gas through combination of renewable sources even suitable for islands and small grids Strong wind Power grid Gas grid Secure and continuous power supply CHP plant Secure gas supply Gas storage Continuous heat supply 6 Source: ETOGAS

7 The Audi e-gas project: renewable mobility using Power-to-Gas Dr. Hermann Pengg, Projekt Management e-fuels, AUDI AG

8 How can the 2 C target be reached? What can car manufacturers contribute? Production Industrial processees Power & heat 6% generation 14% 37% 23% 7% Transport 20% Other sectors Seite 3 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG source: Meinshausen (2009); EEA: CO 2 Emissions EU-27 (2009)

9 Audi s mission: Comprehensive awareness of environmental impacts using cradle-to-grave lifecycle analysis Car Manufacturing Fuel Production Fuel Consumption Recycling Current Legislation Life Cycle Analysis Cradle to Grave CO 2 -eq. for an A3 TDI, 200Tkm (125k mi) Seite 4 Nachhaltige Produktentwicklung AUDI AG

10 Fossil fuels (and biofuels) are limited in their availability: Audi s e-fuels will help fill the gap Fossil fuels Biofuels Audi e-fuels Seite 5 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

11 Audi e-fuels are fuels made from renewable energies, water and CO renewable energies water CO 2 Audi e-fuels Audi e-fuels: No fossil sources No competition with food production Compatibility with present infrastructure Use of CO 2 as raw material Seite 6 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

12 Overview Audi e-fuels Audi e-fuels Audi e-gas project Audi e-diesel project Audi e-ethanol project Audi e-gasoline project e-tron HFC g-tron TDI TFSI TFSI e-power e-hydrogen e-gas e-diesel e-ethanol e-gasoline Seite 7 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

13 Residuallast [GW] An excursion into the electricity sector: what would happen if a country would run on about 80% renewable sun&wind energy? Residual load simulation for 78% renewable electricity in Germany, no exports/imports, copper plate, weather data deficit Backup power plants needed Long-term electricity storage needed -100 surplus: - 187,7 TWh surplus deficit: 43,5 TWh -120 Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Seite 8 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG Source: Simulation Fraunhofer IWES 2010

14 Power-to-Gas: coupling the electricity sector and the gas / mobility / heat sectors electricity H 2 CH 4 = e-gas Feed in station electrolysis methanation CH 4 CO 2 Gas grid: power CO 2 Audi A3 g-tron CH 4 = natural gas (for industry, heat, residential sectors) CO 2 + CH 4 CH 4 Audi s first CO 2 source: CO 2 from waste fueled biogas plant CH 4 = biomethane gas fired power plant Seite 9 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

15 Overview Audi e-gas plant 1 electrolysers Methanation unit Amine scrubber + heat management system Feed-in station Seite 10 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

16 Power-to-Gas: Audi e-gas plant in Werlte (Emsland) Seite 11 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG source: EWE Netz

17 Power-to-Gas plant Audi (Werlte, Emsland) Electrolyser (3 x 2 MW) methanation unit Seite 12 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

18 Audi A3 Sportback g-tron Seite 15 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

19 Audi A3 g-tron: technical data 3,2 3,3 kg/100 km (88-92 g CO 2 /km), s-tronic / 6-gear Cruising range CNG: km Cruising range gasoline: > 900 km 81 kw (110 PS), 200 Nm / Upm 197 km/h, km/h in 10,8 s Price in Germany: starting at EUR Gastanks Audi A3 g-tron Seite 16 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

20 Where can I get Audi e-gas in Germany? Navigation with Audi s e-gas App Audi e-gas Biomethane Natural gas 900 CNG stations Audi e-gas on more than 600 stations Seite 17 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

21 How do German customers use e-gas? opt for a pre-paid contract for Audi e-gas amount of fuel is registered via his e-gas card Monthly account statement of amounts of e-gas purchased and reduction in CO 2 emissions Fill up on more than 600 German CNG stations Monthly debiting of fuel price and e-gas climate fee Easy payment with e-gas credit card Monthly reporting of saved CO 2 by using e-gas Seite 18 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

22 Comparison of fuel costs for Audi A Fuel prices in Germany (10/2014) Mileage (km/a) CNG: e-gas Option: Diesel: 1,05 14,95 1,40 /kg /m /l km/a 735 CNG e-gas Annual fuel costs: Diesel CNG: CNG inkl. e-gas: Diesel: /a /a /a 0 jährliche Kraftstoffkosten Fuel prices: ADAC Autokostenvergleich Stand Mai 2014: Diesel:1,40 /l // CNG: 1,05 /kg // e-gas-option: 14,95 /m Consumption data: A3 1.4 g-tron: 3,5kg/100km // A3 1.6 TDI: 3,8 l/100km Seite 19 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

23 Audi e-fuels vehicles show best-in-class emission values and are high leverage for CO 2 -reduction in the mobility sector CO 2 -eq [g/km] CNG to gasoline: -15% CO 2 (cradle-to-grave) 145 Fuel production(well-to-tank) Consumption (tank-to-wheel) Vehicle production Gasoline (fossil) CNG (fossil) 92 BEV (wind power) BEV (EU-Mix) assumptions: compact class (A3 TFSI & g-tron); km over lifetime e-gas (wind power) Seite 20 Audi e-gas Projekt AUDI AG

24 Thank you! Dr. Hermann Pengg, Projekt Management e-fuels, AUDI AG