Challenges of Biodegradable Waste Management in Western Lithuania. Prof. Dr. Olga Anne Klaipeda University, Lithuania

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1 Challenges of Biodegradable Waste Management in Western Lithuania Prof. Dr. Olga Anne Klaipeda University, Lithuania

2 MSW Generation in Lithuania Based on EPA of LEM information 1.25 million tons of municipal waste was generated in tons were recycled (including compost) in Lithuania, and tons exported for recycling to other s countries Generation of MSW per capita in Lithuania remained relatively stable during with only slight changes over the years.

3 Waste Recycling in Lithuania The increase of total recycling is primarily linked to material recycling which has increased from 1.1 % in 2004 to 3.4 % in 2010 (in absolute amounts from tons to tons). Organic recycling has only increased from 0.8 % to 1.5 % in the same period (or from tons to tons). Consequently, there is room for improving both material and organic recycling, and it seems that organic recycling in particular can be improved.

4 Scenarios of waste management in Lithuania The future waste management scenarios are simplified and and do not take into account any planned policy measures. Even if the most favorable recycling trend continues (that between 2006 and 2010), it is unlikely that Lithuania will fulfill its recycling target of 50 % by Maintaining the average yearly increase rate of 0.75 % of this period would lead only to a 15 % recycling level by 2020.

5 0,24 0,33 0,33 0,4 0,16 0,16 0,75 0,64 0,654 0,62 0,8 MW 1,64 1,6 2,4 4 Production of Biogas in Lithuania Lithuania operates 15 biogas plants Total capacity of MW is Installed Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion process The most popular substrates are: sewage sludge, bioindustrial waste, waste landfills bio waste...

6 Waste Treatment in Western Lithuania Regional landfill accumulated about 140 thousand tons of urban waste from all over the region Waste sorting line was launched in regional landfill Dumpiai The incineration plant "Fortum Klaipeda was started municipal waste burning Source: KRATC

7 Change of Situation in Waste Management Seven regional landfills have been closed, recultivated and supervised 32 illegal trash landfills have been handled Source: KRATC

8 Change of Situation in Waste Management Waste incinerators in "Fortum Klaipeda" is allowed to extend the exploitation of regional landfill for additional years In 2013 Klaipeda region has fulfilled Lithuanian and EU waste management requirements Source: KRATC

9 Waste Handling System MSW Mixed waste remaining after sorting Secondary materials separation Specific waste separation Green waste separation, collection Individual composting Waste sorting in regional landfill Container site for recyclable materials Oversized waste collection site Complementary collection system Waste incineration with energy recovery Waste disposal in regional landfill Recycling Hazardous waste management Green waste composting

10 Food waste makes up an average of about 36 percent of mixed municipal waste, that is about 45,000 tons in waste landfill per years. Klaipeda city municipal waste composition MULTIFAMILY HOUSE INDVIDUAL HOUSE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Wood Other waste Metal Textile Glass Organic waste Textile Glass Plastic Other waste Metal Organic waste Glass Plastic Wood Textile Other waste Metal Organic waste Plastic Paper Paper Paper

11 1 In Schools, 2 In Kindergartens Food Waste in Schools and Kindergartens About 649 kg food waste per day is generated in Klaipeda schools and kindergartens; This is about 145 tons per year;

12 Methane Production from Food Waste Advantages Reduction of biodegradable waste disposal in landfills; Compliance with waste management hierarchy; Green energy; Use of renewable energy; Revenue from energy and fertilizers produced; Lowest air pollution; Reduction of odors. Disadvantages Low development and application of technology; Large initial investment; Maintenance and supervision required during the operation.

13 Collaboration with Švėkšna city In Švėkšna and its neighborhoods lives 3350 inhabitants In Švėkšna city lives 1980 inhabitants Švėkšna city has: Hospital Secondary school Primary school Kindergarten Special education school Health care center Six recreation centers in the area

14 Potential substrates for biogas production in Švėkšna city There are 1700 cattle in neighborhoods of Švėkšna More than 1000 poultry There is about 500 pigs Švėkšna with the sub-district produces about 800 t/a of MSW 4 6 m 3 of dewatered sludge per year (storage) Treatment of sewage sludge about 3000 m 3 /a

15 Biogas production potential in Švėkšna city By request of Švėkšna municipality, the biggest attention was directed in estimations of possible electricity power production from available substrates in CHP unit, it is so because Švėkšna do not have infrastructure of gas grid for houses heating, neither for cooking. The results of estimation (German partners): Possible power is from 75 kw to 100 kw Preliminary investment costs is from to EUR Investment return time is from 12 to 20 years The possible to produce power consists only about 10 % electric energy needs of Švėkšna city (electric needs per mounts about 485 MWh).

16 ASPECT KEY POINTS DECISIONS Education Production - Transfer - Application of knowledge Training Social issue Communication Both sides confidence Public motivation Feedback/Information exchange Public events Newsletter Questionnaire SD Economy Economic feasibility Profitability Market study Profitability counting Technology Technological reasonability User friendly Reliable technologies Lab test Pilot plant Process optimization Environment Environmental safety Waste - to energy Environmental friendly Odour, H 2 S, NH 3 residues contamination and pathogenic flora measurements

17 CONCLUSIONS Lithuanian waste-to-energy potential is quite high Key capabilities of biogas- landfills, sewage treatment, waste processing plants. Energy production sense, it is a very reliable source of energy for working steadily. New tariffs for electricity produced from biogas plants. Lithuanian Renewable Energy Regulations should facilitate bioplant design and construction procedures, and access to the electricity grid.

18 CONCLUSIONS Municipalities are obliged to organize the municipal waste management system, the bio-waste from hotels, motels, restaurants, catering facilities (educational institutions, and others.) were collected separately and recycled (eg composting) or otherwise use (eg, biogas production) the environment and public health, a safe manner in accordance with the waste hierarchy. CONTRA DICTION In reality, catering waste travels to the farmers who use these waste for animal s feeding (what, except for fur animals, is forbidden) and it is estimated that the regional landfill in 2010 could be removed about 45 thousand tons of food waste