CASE: the Island of Nauvo, Finland

Transcription

1 CASE: the Island of Nauvo, Finland 1. Demographic data The total area of Nauvo is 243,9 km 2 of which 3,59 km 2 is water. Current population of Nauvo is 1428, 34,1% of them live in the population centres. There are 5,8 inhabitants/km 2. Population is estimated to grow up to 1528 by the year During the summer months (June, July, August) the population tenfolds. There are 600 houses or farms and 1957 summer cottages. The guest harbor in Nauvo has appr visitors per year. All the communities of the area, with the exception of Houtskär, which is Swedish speaking, are bilingual communities, where the majority of inhabitants speak Swedish as their mother tongue. 2. Economic activities There are no major industrial plants or power stations on the island. South of Korpo and Nagu begins the extensive Archipelago National Park. The flora and fauna in the Park is both diverse and unique. Wooded meadows, found particularly on Boskär in the west and on Yxskär in the east, as well as terminal moraine and glaciated rock formed by the ice age, are typical examples of the archipelago's landscape. Nauvo is characterized by farming, fishing and fishfarming, the service trade and small-scale industry. cultivated area 2194 hectares forest area 3464 hectares Economic activities in population: primary production 29% tourism 28% industry 7% construction 4% commerce 15% transportation 14% other 3% The State of Finland is an important employer in the archipelago, as many people are employed by the army and the local ferry and boat services. Tourism 1(6)

2 5 hotels, a large number of rentable summer cottages appr. 200 beds 3. Transport network From the mainland the archipelago road is the road connection to Nauvo. There is a ferry connection between the islands. The archipelago route, which is some 80 kilometres long and includes three ferries, is open throughout the year. Allthough the region is extensive, the larger islands are easily accessible by ferry. The smaller islands are served by boat taxis, or an own boat can be used. The road network is comprehensive, and where the roads end, bridges and ferries allows to continue the journey. The is also a public bus connection to the larger islands. In Nauvo itself there is in total 71 kilometres of public roads. Waste policy 4. Existing WM facilities Nearest waste management facility for Nauvo is in the mainland, in Parainen. The place is fairly new, built in and fulfills the requirements set by EU. The environmental permission has to be renewed due to the enlargement of the site. The life expectancy is 10 years. The rate of waste disposal is appr tons/year. Hazardous waste is also collected and treated separately. There is also a plan to collect biowaste in the near future. Nearest incineration facility is in Turku (see point 9). 5. Roles and responsibility Development of waste management plans and decisions on waste management infrastructure development are made by local government. Monitoring and inspection responsibility is with the local environmental authority. See point 5. Waste production 6. Waste collection The waste collection is carried out by a company called Archipelago s waste collection and disposal Ltd and by Keep the Archipelago Tidy Association which have several collection points (see the maps for the collection points). Each inhabitant and summer cottage owner has to pay for the this service (tax related payment). The amount of the payment depends on the number of the inhabitants and whether or not organic waste is being composted or not. For example: Household with a compost 94,38 (2 inhabitants) up to 131,53 e (3 or more inhabitants) Household without a compost 138,91 e (2 inhabitants) up to 218,32 e (3 or more inhabitants) Summercottage with a compost 74,48 e (2 inhabitants) up to 86,79 e (3 or more inhabitants) Summercottage without a compost 99,31 e (2 inhabitants) up to 124,14 e (3 or more inhabitants) 2(6)

3 For the waste transfers is responsible one contractor and KAT s two serviceboats. All waste which cannot be recycled is transported to a dumpsite 3(6)

4 in the mainland. Nauvo used to have a dumpsite of its own, but the site was closed three years ago according to the national plan and objective to reduce the amount of dumpsites in the country and the amount of waste collected. Transportation of hazardous waste is subjected to license in Finland. Such a license have Keep the Archipelago Tidy association as well as Archipelago s waste collection and disposal Ltd. All hazardous waste is transported to EKOKEM which is the only company in Finland who specializes in handling hazardous waste. 7. Waste segregation Waste quantities are broken down to miscellaneous waste, paper, glass, metal, junk/scrap metal and hazardous waste. miscellaneous waste paper glass metal junk/ scrap metal hazardous waste tota (kg) Organic waste is not collected because the inhabitants who have a compost use the organic waste themselves on the fields or in the garden. It is estimated however that the amount of organic waste is in Nauvo 180 tons during spring, fall and winter and 1800 tons during the summer months. Energy supply 8. Energy production and transport The whole energy production in South-West Finland is appr GWh per year (6% of the whole Finland). Most of the energy needed in the South-West Finland is produced outside of the region. Half of this was produced with oil, 1/3 with coal, water-power and other renewable energy sources account for only 5% of the total energy production. There is however a new 50 MW bio powerplant in Turku (50 km from Nauvo) which will produce 15-20% of the energy needed in the district heating. For the fuel this powerplant uses woodchips, sawdust and bark. In Nauvo there are for now no power plants or thermal energy production plants. The consumption of energy is GWh, the consumption of electricity GWh. The consumption of electricity has nearly doubled in 15 years. 9. Roles and responsibility There is only one major energy producer in the region, Fortum. Fortum is one of the Nordic countries' leading energy companies. It s business covers the entire energy chain, from the production of oil, gas, power and heat to refining, distribution and marketing, and to energy related engineering, and operation and maintenance. Fortum s core expertise also covers the management of environmental issues and the use of new technologies. Fortum is the market leader in the production and marketing of high-quality pro-environmental oil products in the Baltic Rim. In electricity distribution and sales, and in power and heat generation, Fortum is one of the two largest companies in the Nordic market. Fortum s home market is the Nordic Countries. Overall, Fortum is present in more than 30 countries. In 2001, 4(6)

5 Fortum net sales totalled EUR 10,410 million, and the average number of employees was 14,800. Allthough Fortum is solely responsible for the transportation of electricity each household can make an electricity contract with any energy production company. For consumer this is a perfect way to compare the prices of electricity but makes it very difficult to gather eg. Information what kind of electricity is used in some region, in this case in Nauvo. The energy strategy in Finland has been defined by the Council of State (1997). The goals are: advancement of energy markets to promote effective usage of energy to increase the usage of renewable energy sources to maintain a high level of energy technology Regional decisions are made by local government. 10. Grid coverage Most of the main islands in Nauvo have the access to the electricity grid. It is estimated however that appr. 50% of the households have no electricity, most of these are summer cottages and used only during summertime. There is no information available of where the inhabitants buy their energy or how each household is heated: with electricity, wood or oil, percentages are unknown. The prices of energy in Finland consist of electricity transportation and electricity itself: General transportation basic charge 1,68 2,05 e/month transported energy 2,56 3,12 snt/kwh Night transportation basic charge 5,89 7,18 e/month transported energy 2,61 3,18 snt/kwh (daytime) transported energy (night) 1,26 1,54 snt/kwh Energy consumption less than kwh/year basic charge/month ENERGY snt/kwh electricity 1,53 3,78 transportation 2,05 3,12 Total 1) 3,58 6,90 1) plus taxes 0,86 snt/kwh Electric heating & energy consumption more than kwh/year 5(6)

6 basic charge e/month daytime energy snt/kwh night energy snt/kwh electricity 3,05 3,90 2,20 transportation 7,18 3,18 1,54 Total 1) 10,23 7,08 3,74 1) plus taxes 0,86 snt/kwh 11. WTE plants None in the region. Forecasting - the consumption of electricity increases - the renewable energy sources will account for more in the energy production - with the law stipulating that biowaste should be collected separately in the households it is necessary to find ways to make good use of it - for Nauvo and other islands it will become important to find ways to solve waste problems in the region 6(6)