Why, What and How? Surya Prakash Chandak

Transcription

1 Integrated t Solid Waste Management Why, What and How? Surya Prakash Chandak 1

2 1. Why Outline of Presentation Waste Generation Waste Management: Gaps, Impacts and dconcerns 2. What Defining Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) 3. How Developing ISWM Plan 4. UNEP-DTIE-IETC IETC Activities on ISWM Role of IETC IETC Projects on ISWM 2

3 Waste what does it mean! ater We Wise ir Are Approach to oil Spoiling Sustainability through riggers The Technological conomy Environment Excellence 3

4 MSW Generation 4

5 MSW, Population & GDP 5

6 MSW in Asia & Pacific 6

7 Composition of MSW 1 7

8 Composition of MSW 2 8

9 MSWM Practices 9

10 Major Impacts Public health, environment, economy and living conditions: -respiratory infections resulting from infected dust, chronic respiratory diseases, including cancers resulting from exposure to dust and hazardous compounds mainly generated through open burning and unsafe incineration -more than 200 people died and hundreds were injured when Payatas dumpsite in Philippines collapsed in usable surface aquifers are contaminated due to percolation of leachate -waste dumps also emit methane, which is a GHG of concern for global environment -nuisance as a result of littered and smelly neighbourhoods with insects, rats and mice. The choked sewerage systems, due to plastic bags and other garbage, cause flooding of sewage damaging g the infrastructure and buildings 10

11 Gaps in Waste Management 1. Segregation, Collection & Treatment Recyclable and non-recyclable waste Hazardous waste 2. Resource Generation Recycling materials Input for manufacturing Organic waste composting, biogas, bio-diesel Energy to Fuel Power generation, Energy Landfill Gas Power Generation, Heating 3. Policies, Financing, and Technology 11

12 Major Concerns The comprehensive and localized li data is not available: MSW is expected to increase by more than 150 per cent by 2032 in most of countries of Asia: - from 190 million tons in 2004 to 480 million tons by 2030 in Republic of China -industrial waste in Vietnam will increase from 2.22 million tons, with 6% hazardous waste, to 3.2 million tons, with 15% hazardous waste during 2004 to The EU estimated that per capita MSW generation rose to 537 kg/annum in 2004 from 461 kg/annum in 1995 in 25 EU countries Hazardous waste increased from 118 to 156 million metric tons ( ) Basel Convention -oil water mixtures and waste oil ranks the highest at about 30 million metric tons followed by industrial waste at about 21 metric tons - and clinical waste at about 4 million metric tons 12

13 Solid Waste Management Some Perceptions! NIMBY Not In My Back-Yard NIMET Not In My Elected Term BANANA Build Absolutely Nothing Anytime Near Anybody CATNAP Cheapest Available Technology Narrowly Avoiding Prosecution 13

14 Need for ISWM Cities are facing an increasing growth in population, and shares in GDP growth, resulting in among other things increasing quantities of waste being generated Due to changing glifestyles and consumption patterns, the quantity of waste generated has increased with quality and composition of waste becoming more varied and changing. Industrialization and economic growth has produced more amounts of waste, including hazardous and toxic wastes. There is a growing realization of the negative impacts that wastes have had on the local environment (air, water, land, human health etc.) Complexity, costs and coordination of waste management has necessitated multi-stakeholder involvement in every stage of the waste stream. This calls for an integrated approach to waste management. Local Governments are now looking at waste as a business opportunity, (a) to extract valuable resources contained within it that can still be used and (b) to safely process and dispose wastes with a minimum impact on the eenvironment e 14

15 Defining ISWM Integrated solid waste management refers to the strategic t approach hto sustainable management of solid wastes covering all sources and all aspects, covering generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment, recovery and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis on maximizing resource use efficiency 15

16 Integrated Solid Waste Management Treatment Material Recycling Life-cycle Perspective Natural Resources Recycled Resources Directly Recycled Resources Direct Consumption Reduction Production Consumption Reduction (products & services) Sustainable consumption Final disposal Proper treatment and recovery Proper disposal Discarding (Products / waste) Reuse 16

17 Integrated Solid Waste Management Generation Source Perspective 3R Residential Methane & heat Hazardous Waste for Treatment & Disposal 3R Industrial & Commercial 3R Services (Healthcare, Laboratory, etc.) Energy Treatment t Recovery Final waste Final disposal Collection of Waste Segregation of Waste Recycling waste (organic & inorganic) Waste Exchange Discarded waste Sanitary Landfill, Incineration Resources Plastics, wood, steel, paper, glass, and compost/biogas 17

18 Integrated Solid Waste Management Stakeholders/Management Perspective Waste disposal regulations 3R Effective regulations & financial mechanisms for generators, service providers & businesses Technological innovations Efficiency and efficacy Waste Generators (Residents, industries & services) Waste generation Government (Local and national government departments) Collection, transportation & segregation SWM service providers (Collection, segregation, g transportation of recycling and non-recycling waste, treatment (sanitary landfill & incineration) and disposal Treatment & final disposal Technological innovations & development Businesses (To generate compost, energy, and recycling materials/products) Recycling, composting and energy 18

19 Benefits of ISWM Cleaner and safe neighborhoods Higher resource use efficiency Resource augmentation Savings in waste management costs due to reduced levels of final waste for disposal Better business opportunities and economic growth Local ownership & responsibilities / participation i Turning vicious circle into virtuous circle 19

20 How to Implement ISWM Develop an ISWM Plan Implementation and Monitoring i of ISWM Plan 20

21 ISWM Plan An ISWM Plan per se is a package consisting of a Management System including: Policies (regulatory, fiscal, etc.), Technologies (basic equipment and operational aspects) & Voluntary measures (awareness raising, i self regulations) A management System covers all aspects of waste management; from waste generation through collection, transfer, transportation, sorting, treatment and disposal. Data and information on waste characterization and quantification (including future trends), and assessment of current solid waste management system for operational stages provide the basis for developing a concrete and locality-specific management system. 21

22 Required Information 22

23 Elements of ISWM Plan I. Baseline data on waste characterization and quantification with future trends and baseline data on prevailing waste management systems and gaps there in II. A list of targets to be achieved through the ISWM System III. A Plan with details of the Management System covering policies, technologies (and voluntary measures IV. Implementation ti Aspects such as time schedules, costs, institutional requirements etc. V. Monitoring and feedback mechanism 23

24 Outline of ISWM Plan Source wise quantity & quality Generation Current Level To Future Projection Targets & Issues of Concerns Pre-generation (SCP: CP,WM, DfE) Post-generation (Reuse/Recycle at Source) Segregation at Source for Primary Disposal Constraints Technical, Economic, Social, Policy Management System Management System Technological Policy (regulatory, fiscal) Voluntary Current Systems and Gaps therein Collection (Storage Transfer & Transportation) Primary Collection From Generation Source Secondary Collection From Transfer Station Targets & Issues of Concerns Segregated or Mixed For Storage/Collection Level of Sorting at Transfer Stations Constraints Technical, Economic, Social, Policy Management System Technological Policy (regulatory, fiscal) Voluntary Current Systems and Gaps therein Sorting, Treatment Transfer Stations and Treatment Plants (Biological, Thermal, Chemical) Recovery (Materials & Energy) Targets & Issues of Concerns Sorting for Material Recovery Treatment for Energy Recovery and Disposal Constraints Technical, Economic, Social, Policy Management System Technological Policy (regulatory, fiscal) Voluntary Current Systems and dgaps therein Targets & Issues of Concerns Recovery of landfill gas Final Disposal Constraints Technical, Economic, Social, Policy Collection United and Nations treatment Environment of leachate Programme Reclamation of land Management System Technological Policy (regulatory, fiscal) Voluntary Implementation Strategy Monitoring & Feedback 24

25 Project Implementation Characterization and quantification of Waste Analysis of Prevailing Waste Management System Short-term term and long-term targets based on overall objectives Gap analysis Targets versus prevailing waste management Issues of Concern by stakeholders on future ISWM Plan Constraints which may affect ISWM Plan or achieving targets Draft Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan: Operational stages (Segregation, collection & transportation, treatment and disposal, and resource recovery) For each operational stage: Policies and Institutions Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) Financing Mechanisms Stakeholder Participation 25

26 UNEP-DTIE-IETC Activities 1. Role of IETC 2. on ISWM Implementation of ISWM projects with hlocal lpartners Local capacity building - training & field activities Normative Function IETC Projects on ISWM ISWM Plan for Wuxi New District, PRC ISWM Plan for Pune City, India ISWM Plan for Maseru City, Lesotho ISWM Plan for Matale, Sri Lanka 3. ISWM Plan for Novo Hamburgo, Brazil (on-going) 4. ISWM Plan for Nairobi, Kenya (on-going) 26

27 Thank You 27