Unit 8 ~ Learning Guide Name:

Transcription

1 Unit 8 ~ Learning Guide Name: Instructions: Using a pencil, complete the following notes as you work through the related lessons. Show ALL work as is explained in the lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions if you don t understand anything! Vectors & Displacement: 1. A scalar quantity has, while a vector quantity has both and. 2. Under what conditions is the magnitude of an object s displacement the same as its distance? 3. If you are walking from point A to point B, the magnitude of your displacement will always be equal or (less than or greater than) your distance (circle one). 4. Put the following items into the correct category: 1 kg, 10 km/h, displacement, force, 20 m/s [N], velocity, distance, 200 km, 5 hours, 50 m [downstream], 40 litres, 9.8 m/s 2 [down], acceleration, speed, mass, 10 km [SW] Scalars Vectors 5. Can three parallel vectors unequal in magnitude add to zero? Show with a vector diagram below. Page 1 of 8

2 6. Can three vectors of different magnitudes and directions add to zero? Show with a vector diagram below. 7. The delta symbol is used in math and science to indicate. Provide specifics on what is meant by Δt and Δd. 8. Add the following vectors, showing all steps, the resultant vectors, and their magnitudes: 9. A car drives 4 km North, then 2 km West, then 3 km South, then 2 km East. What is the car's total distance traveled and displacement? Sketch and solve. 10. A child walks 4.0 meters north, 7.0 m south, 2.5 m south, then 5.0 m north. What is their displacement? Sketch and solve. 11. A child walks 3.5 meters in a positive direction, then turns around and walks 7.0 m in the opposite direction. If their final displacement is zero, what was their last walk? Sketch and solve. Page 2 of 8

3 12. A fish swims 50 m north, then 10 m east, then 40 m west. Find its resulting displacement. Sketch and solve. 13. A plane flies 400 km North, then 200 km West. What is the plane's total distance traveled and displacement? Sketch and solve. Velocity: 1. List all the motion/kinematic equations on your formula sheet. 2. List EVERY variable used in the above equations telling what each represents, along with common units for each. 3. What s the difference between average velocity and instantaneous velocity? 4. A boat travels 320 m east in a time of 120 s. What is the boat s average velocity? Show the equation used and all steps. 5. A person, originally at the starting line, runs west at 6.5 m/s. What is the runner s displacement after 14s? Show the equation used and all steps. Page 3 of 8

4 6. How long would it take a cat walking north at 0.80 m/s to travel 24 m north? Show the equation used and all steps. 7. Describe what a negative velocity indicates and provide an example. 8. Convert 75 km/hr to m/s. Show all steps. 9. Convert 20 m/s to km/hr. Show all steps. 10. A truck s displacement is 45 km north after driving for 1.3 h. What was the truck s average velocity in km/h and m/s? Show the equation used and all steps. 11. What is the displacement of an airplane flying 480 km/h [E] during a 5.0 min time interval? Show the equation used and all steps. 12. What is the skateboarder s displacement and velocity between 2 and 5 seconds? Page 4 of 8

5 13. What is the average velocity of a car that moved 60 km in 3 hours? 14. What is the average velocity of a car that moved 40 km East and 80 km West in 2 hours? 15. How far will a car travel in 25 min at 12 m/s? 16. How far will a car travel in 2 hours at 20 m/s? 17. If car A is at 40 km/h and car B is at 10 km/h in the opposite direction, what is the velocity of the car A relative to the car B? 18. If you are walking at constant velocity of 8 km/h and a car passed you by at the speed of 30 km/h from behind, what is the car's velocity from your viewpoint? 19. If car A is at 70 km/h and car B is at 50 km/h in the same direction, what is the velocity of the car A relative to the car B? Page 5 of 8

6 Graphing Motion: 1. Define slope, and then sketch some example slopes (positive, negative, and zero). 2. The slope of a d vs t graph represents. Describe 3 ways you know this to be true. 3. The motion of two runners is graphed below (Alan and Brent). a) Do they start at the same point? How do you know? b) At 2 seconds, who is ahead? c) At 8 seconds, who is ahead? d) Which is running faster? How do you know? e) What is happening at t= 5 seconds? Page 6 of 8

7 4. The motion of two runners is graphed below (Alan and Brent). a) How long did each runner take to reach 10 meters. b) What was the distance each traveled bin the first 5 seconds. c) Determine the speed of each runner. Show all work. 5. The motion of a race cart on a linear track is shown below. a) When is the car at the starting line? b) When is the car sitting still? c) When is the car going in the negative direction? d) What is the fastest speed logged? When does this happen? e) What is the average velocity of the cart between 0 and 20 seconds? Show all work. f) What is the average velocity of the cart for the entire trip? Show all work. Page 7 of 8

8 Unit 8 Learning Guide Answers: Please note that some answers are directly from the online notes. Answers are given when needed. Intro to Kinematics: 1) magnitude, magnitude, direction 2) straight line, same direction - explain 3) Less 5) Yesdemonstrate 6) Yes-demonstrate 7) change 8) 10,0,15,-5,-10,5 (show) 9)11km,1km[N] 10) 0.5m[S] 11) +3.5m 12)58m[31 WofN] or [59 NofW] 13)600km,500km[27 WofN] or [63 NofW] Velocity: 4) 2.7m/s 5)91m[W] 6) 30s 7) direction-explain 8) 21m/s 9)72km/h 10)9.6m/s 11)40km[E] 12)5m,1.7m/s 13)+20km/hr 14)20km/h[W] 15)18km or 18000m 16)144km or m 17)50km/h 18)+22km/h 19)+20km/h Graphing Motion: 3a) no, y-intercepts are different b) B c) A d) A has a steeper slope e) A and B are at the same position 4) a)2.5s,5s b)20m,10m c)4m/s,2m/s 5) a)0s,30s,55s b)10-15s c)15-40s d)6m/s, 0-10s e)2m/s f)0m/s Page 8 of 8