Large Biological Molecules Multiple Choice Review

Transcription

1 Slide 1 / 43 Slide 2 / 43 New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. Large iological Molecules Multiple hoice Review lick to go to website: Slide 3 / 43 1 Why is information about carbon critical to understanding the molecules of life? it is the backbone of biological molecules required for life it is the only element that can form triple bonds it results in the theory of vitalism (organic molecules are produced only in living organisms) it is able to cause dehydration synthesis Slide 3 (nswer) / 43 1 Why is information about carbon critical to understanding the molecules of life? it is the backbone of biological molecules required for life it is the only element that can form triple bonds it results in the theory of vitalism (organic molecules are produced only in living organisms) it is able to cause dehydration synthesis nswer Slide 4 / 43 2 Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing Slide 4 (nswer) / 43 2 Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen carbon and hydrogen carbon and helium carbon and nitrogen nswer carbon and helium carbon and nitrogen hydrogen and nitrogen hydrogen and nitrogen

2 Slide 5 / 43 3 What is the characteristic of carbon atoms that most contributes to its importance to critical biological molecules? Slide 5 (nswer) / 43 3 What is the characteristic of carbon atoms that most contributes to its importance to critical biological molecules? the ability to bond with eight (8) other atoms the ability to form hydrogen, carbon and covalent bonds the ability to choose the type of molecule to produce the ability to form 4 (four) bonds producing a 3 structure the ability to bond with eight (8) other atoms nswer the ability to form hydrogen, carbon and covalent bonds the ability to choose the type of molecule to produce the ability to form 4 (four) bonds producing a 3 structure Slide 6 / 43 Slide 6 (nswer) / 43 4 Why are fossil fuels, such as gasoline, considered organic compounds? 4 Why are fossil fuels, such as gasoline, considered organic compounds? they contain both hydrogen and carbon they contain hydrogen they contain carbon they contain both hydrogen and carbon nswer they contain hydrogen they contain carbon they are only produced from living organisms they are only produced from living organisms Slide 7 / 43 Slide 7 (nswer) / 43 5 There are two forms of hydrocarbons. Which is most able to accept new atoms and why? saturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken saturated hydrocarbon; they have single bonds only which are easier to break unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have single bonds only which are easier to break 5 There are two forms of hydrocarbons. Which is most able to accept new atoms and why? saturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken saturated hydrocarbon; they have single bonds only which are easier to break nswer unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have double or triple bonds that can be broken unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have single bonds only which are easier to break

3 Slide 8 / 43 6 There are many different types of proteins created by bonding amino acids together. How is this possible when there is a small set of amino acids? each protein is composed of 1-2 unique monomers each protein has exactly the same monomers each protein is an arrangement of monomers in a unique manner each protein acts differently depending upon the organism Slide 8 (nswer) / 43 6 There are many different types of proteins created by bonding amino acids together. How is this possible when there is a small set of amino acids? each protein is composed of 1-2 unique monomers each protein has exactly the same monomers each protein is an arrangement of monomers in a unique manner each protein acts differently depending upon the organism nswer Slide 9 / 43 7 Monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes? Slide 9 (nswer) / 43 7 Monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes? hydrolysis non-hydration lysis ionic bonding hydrolysis nswer non-hydration lysis ionic bonding dehydration synthesis dehydration synthesis Slide 10 / 43 8 Which of the following lists correctly identifies the characteristic structures within an amino acid? Slide 10 (nswer) / 43 8 Which of the following lists correctly identifies the characteristic structures within an amino acid? ammonia - carbon group - side chain ammonia - carbon group - side chain NH3 - OOH - side chain NO2 - OH - side chain nswer NH3 - OOH - side chain NO2 - OH - side chain N2OH- OOH - side chain N2OH- OOH - side chain

4 Slide 11 / 43 9 When proteins are formed the and of one amino acid combines with the end of a second amino acid for form a Slide 11 (nswer) / 43 9 When proteins are formed the and of one amino acid combines with the end of a second amino acid for form a acid; amine; monopeptide amine; amine; polypeptide amine; acid; monopeptide acid; amine; monopeptide nswer amine; amine; polypeptide amine; acid; monopeptide acid; amine; polypeptide acid; amine; polypeptide Slide 12 / There are 20 standard amino acids. How do they differ from each other? Slide 12 (nswer) / There are 20 standard amino acids. How do they differ from each other? the amine groups can vary the carboxyl groups can vary the carbons can vary the amine groups can vary nswer the carboxyl groups can vary the carbons can vary the side chains can vary the side chains can vary Slide 13 / 43 Slide 13 (nswer) / Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the structure of proteins? 11 Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the structure of proteins? shape is driven by chemistry; shape dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; polarity dictates function shape is driven by environment; environment dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; environment dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; shape dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; polarity dictates function shape is driven by environment; environment dictates function nswer shape is driven by chemistry; environment dictates function

5 Slide 14 / For which level of structure in proteins do the side chains play the biggest role? Slide 14 (nswer) / For which level of structure in proteins do the side chains play the biggest role? secondary tertiary primary secondary tertiary primary nswer quaternary quaternary Slide 15 / How does a protein change during denaturation and why is this important? Slide 15 (nswer) / How does a protein change during denaturation and why is this important? the protein loses amino acids; the polarity may be changed the protein loses its shape; the protein cannot function the protein loses amino acids; the polarity may be changed the protein loses its shape; the protein cannot function nswer the protein loses HOH; dehydration synthesis cannot occur the protein gains amino acids; the protein changes into a different protein the protein loses HOH; dehydration synthesis cannot occur the protein gains amino acids; the protein changes into a different protein Slide 16 / 43 Slide 16 (nswer) / Proteins play many critical roles in organisms. Which of the following pairs correctly connects the function of a protein to its class? 14 Proteins play many critical roles in organisms. Which of the following pairs correctly connects the function of a protein to its class? cytoskeleton is structural; antibodies are defense speed regulation is enzymes; muscles are hormonal hair is storage; hemoglobin is transport hormones are signaling; membrane proteins are enzymes cytoskeleton is structural; antibodies are defense nswer speed regulation is enzymes; muscles are hormonal hair is storage; hemoglobin is transport hormones are signaling; membrane proteins are enzymes

6 Slide 17 / arbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which of the following represents the general formula for carbohydrates? Slide 17 (nswer) / arbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which of the following represents the general formula for carbohydrates? xh 2xO x O 2xH xh xo x 2xH xo 2x xh 2xO x O 2xH xh xo x nswer 2xH xo 2x Slide 18 / The monomer of polysaccharides is a. Table sugar is an example of a. Slide 18 (nswer) / The monomer of polysaccharides is a. Table sugar is an example of a. monocarbohydrate; dicarbohydrate disaccharide; disaccharide monosaccharide; disaccharide monocarbohydrate; dicarbohydrate disaccharide; disaccharide nswer monosaccharide; disaccharide monosaccharide; monosaccharide monosaccharide; monosaccharide Slide 19 / 43 Slide 19 (nswer) / When comparing proteins and carbohydrates, the following similarities can be identified: 17 When comparing proteins and carbohydrates, the following similarities can be identified: both consist of linked monomers via the process of hydrolysis both consist of linked monomers via the process of dehydration synthesis both consist of linked monomers via the process of hydrolysis nswer both consist of linked monomers via the process of dehydration synthesis both consist of linked amino acids via the process of hydrolysis both consist of linked amino acids via the process of hydrolysis both consist of linked sugars via the process of dehydration synthesis. both consist of linked sugars via the process of dehydration synthesis.

7 Slide 20 / Three types of polysaccharides are particularly important to living organisms. They each perform functions vital to cells. Which of the following correctly identifies two of these types of polysaccharides and their primary functions? Slide 20 (nswer) / Three types of polysaccharides are particularly important to living organisms. They each perform functions vital to cells. Which of the following correctly identifies two of these types of polysaccharides and their primary functions? starch, storage; glucose, energy starch, cell walls; glucose, storage starch, storage; glucose, energy starch, cell walls; glucose, storage nswer glucose, cell walls; cellulose, energy glucose, cell walls; cellulose, energy cellulose, storage by animals; glucose, storage by plants cellulose, storage by animals; glucose, storage by plants Slide 21 / One type of carbohydrate can be seen in the image below. How does its structure reflect its function? This image is of glucose as its long chain molecules reflect its use for storage This image is of starch as its long chains allows for long term storage This image is of glycogen as the cross chains reflect its use by muscles. This image is of cellulose as its structure reflects its strength Slide 21 (nswer) / One type of carbohydrate can be seen in the image below. How does its structure reflect its function? This image is of glucose as its long chain molecules reflect its use for storage This image is of starch as its long chains allows for long term storage This image is of glycogen as the cross chains reflect its use by muscles. This image is of cellulose as its structure reflects its strength nswer Slide 22 / Nucleic acids, such as RN, consist of monomers of. Each of these monomers consists of,, and. amino acids; side chain, carboxyl group, glucose nucleotides; side chain, sugar, nitrate group nucleotides; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group amino acids; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group Slide 22 (nswer) / Nucleic acids, such as RN, consist of monomers of. Each of these monomers consists of,, and. amino acids; side chain, carboxyl group, glucose nucleotides; side chain, sugar, nitrate group nucleotides; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group amino acids; sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group nswer

8 Slide 23 / There are five types of nitrogenous bases, four of which are found within N molecules. These are: Slide 23 (nswer) / There are five types of nitrogenous bases, four of which are found within N molecules. These are: adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine nswer adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine adenine, uracil, phosphate, ribose adenine, uracil, phosphate, [This object ribose is a pull tab] Slide 24 / 43 Slide 24 (nswer) / Pair bonding occurs in N between purine molecules and pyrimidine molecules. Why must this type of pairing take place? The genetic sequence is found on the pyrimidine bases, so there must be a pyrimidine in each step of the N ladder The number of hydrogen bonds between the bases must match in order for the helix to be double stranded. The phosphate bonds required to hold each single strand together must match up in order to produce the double helix. The double strand is held together by peptide bonds, which allows for the genetic code. Slide 25 / Which of the following best describes the form and function of one type of nucleic acid? 22 Pair bonding occurs in N between purine molecules and pyrimidine molecules. Why must this type of pairing take place? The genetic sequence is found on the pyrimidine bases, so there must be a pyrimidine in each step of the N ladder nswer The number of hydrogen bonds between the bases must match in order for the helix to be double stranded. The phosphate bonds required to hold each single strand together must match up in order to produce the double helix. The double strand is held together by peptide bonds, which allows for the genetic code. Slide 25 (nswer) / Which of the following best describes the form and function of one type of nucleic acid? RN, a double helix, functions primarily as an RN, a single helix, functions primarily as an N, a single helix, functions primarily as an N, a double helix, functions primarily as an RN, a double helix, functions primarily as an nswer RN, a single helix, functions primarily as an N, a single helix, functions primarily as an N, a double helix, functions [This object primarily is a pull tab] as an

9 Slide 26 / The nucleotides of N form bonds. bonds with guanine and bonds with. Slide 26 (nswer) / The nucleotides of N form bonds. bonds with guanine and bonds with. oxygen; cytosine, adenine, uracil hydrogen; guanine, adenine, cytosine nswer oxygen; cytosine, adenine, uracil hydrogen; guanine, adenine, cytosine hydrogen; cytosine, adenine, thymine hydrogen; cytosine, adenine, thymine helium; cytosine, adenine, thymine helium; cytosine, adenine, thymine Slide 27 / 43 Slide 27 (nswer) / Molecules may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic. Lipids are either or. 25 Molecules may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic. Lipids are either or. hydrophilic, amphiphilic hydrophobic, amphiphilic hydrophobic, hydrophilic hydrophilic, amphiphilic nswer hydrophobic, amphiphilic hydrophobic, hydrophilic hydrophilic, hydrophilic hydrophilic, hydrophilic Slide 28 / Fatty acids contain -hydrogen bonds, making them. The phosphate head in a phospholipid is. The entire phospholipid molecule, therefore, is. Slide 28 (nswer) / Fatty acids contain -hydrogen bonds, making them. The phosphate head in a phospholipid is. The entire phospholipid molecule, therefore, is. carbon; hydrophobic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic hydrogen; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic nswer carbon; hydrophobic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic hydrogen; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; amphiphilic carbon; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; hydrophobic hydrogen; hydrophobic; hydrophobic; hydrophobic carbon; hydrophilic; hydrophilic; hydrophobic hydrogen; hydrophobic; hydrophobic; hydrophobic

10 Slide 29 / The image below represents a type of lipid molecule. It is identifiable by two characteristic smaller molecules. Identify the lipid and the smaller molecules. triglyceride; glucose, fatty acids triglyceride; glycerol, fatty acids triglyceride; glycerol, phospholipid fatty acid; glucose; triglyceride Slide 29 (nswer) / The image below represents a type of lipid molecule. It is identifiable by two characteristic smaller molecules. Identify the lipid and the smaller molecules. triglyceride; glucose, fatty acids triglyceride; glycerol, fatty acids nswer triglyceride; glycerol, phospholipid fatty acid; glucose; triglyceride Slide 30 / Image #1 below is of a(n) fatty acid, identifiable because of its bond(s). Image #2 below is of a (n) fatty acid because of its bond(s). saturated fat; double; unsaturated fat; single saturated fat; single; unsaturated; double unsaturated; double; saturated; single unsaturated, single; saturated; double Image #1 Image #2 Slide 30 (nswer) / Image #1 below is of a(n) fatty acid, identifiable because of its bond(s). Image #2 below is of a (n) fatty acid because of its bond(s). saturated fat; double; unsaturated fat; single saturated fat; single; unsaturated; double unsaturated; double; saturated; single unsaturated, single; saturated; double nswer Image #1 Image #2 Slide 31 / Soaps and detergents are able to remove oil, grease, etc from items because the end of the soap molecule bonds with the stains while the other end of the soap molecule bonds with. Slide 31 (nswer) / Soaps and detergents are able to remove oil, grease, etc from items because the end of the soap molecule bonds with the stains while the other end of the soap molecule bonds with. hydrophobic; water hydrophobic; stains hydrophilic; water hydrophilic; stains nswer hydrophobic; water hydrophobic; stains hydrophilic; water hydrophilic; stains

11 Slide 32 / The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #1 contains. This is because the changed from light brown to blue black during the test. Slide 32 (nswer) / The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #1 contains. This is because the changed from light brown to blue black during the test. proteins; Lugol s sugars; iuret starch; Lugol s lipids; Lugol s nswer proteins; Lugol s sugars; iuret starch; Lugol s lipids; Lugol s Slide 33 / 43 Slide 34 / 43 Results from an experiment testing for presence of specific chemicals. Indicators used are listed across the top of the chart. 31 The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #2 contains. unknown Lugols iodine Sudan stain iuret reagent 1 positive negative negative 2 negative positive negative 3 negative negative positive proteins glucose starch lipids Slide 34 (nswer) / The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #2 contains. proteins glucose starch lipids nswer Slide 35 / The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #3 contains. This is because the changed from blue to purple during the test. proteins; Sudan glucose; iuret starch; iuret proteins; iuret

12 Slide 35 (nswer) / The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #3 contains. This is because the changed from blue to purple during the test. Slide 36 / We can identify whether or not a lipid is saturated or unsaturated, by its physical state. Unsaturated fats are and saturated fats are. nswer proteins; Sudan glucose; iuret starch; iuret solid, liquid liquid, solid liquid, less dense liquid unbreakable, solid proteins; iuret Slide 36 (nswer) / We can identify whether or not a lipid is saturated or unsaturated, by its physical state. Unsaturated fats are and saturated fats are. solid, liquid liquid, solid nswer liquid, less dense liquid Slide 37 / Waxes and steroids are both considered to be. proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids unbreakable, solid Slide 37 (nswer) / Waxes and steroids are both considered to be. proteins carbohydrates lipids nswer nucleic acids Slide 38 / Protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid molecules are the result of smaller molecules bonded together. The process that occurs to attach these smaller molecules to one another is. hydrolysis dehydration lysis hydrosynthesis dehydration synthesis

13 Slide 38 (nswer) / Protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid molecules are the result of smaller molecules bonded together. The process that occurs to attach these smaller molecules to one another is. hydrolysis nswer dehydration lysis hydrosynthesis dehydration synthesis Slide 39 / Which protein structural level would be least affected by disruptions in the hydrogen-bonding process? primary secondary tertiary quaternary Slide 39 (nswer) / Which protein structural level would be least affected by disruptions in the hydrogen-bonding process? primary secondary tertiary quaternary nswer Slide 40 / RN and N differ in that they utilize different within their nucleotides. RN utilizes and N utilizes. phosphates; peptide, amino acids sugars; deoxyribose, ribose sugars; ribose, deoxyribose R groups; glucose, galactose Slide 40 (nswer) / RN and N differ in that they utilize different within their nucleotides. RN utilizes and N utilizes. Slide 41 / The image below is of a type of biomolecule critical for life. Identify both the type of biomolecule and the specific name of the molecule. nswer phosphates; peptide, amino acids sugars; deoxyribose, ribose sugars; ribose, deoxyribose protein; antibodies carbohydrate; sucrose carbohydrate; glucose nucleic acid; deoxyribonucleic acid R groups; glucose, galactose

14 Slide 41 (nswer) / The image below is of a type of biomolecule critical for life. Identify both the type of biomolecule and the specific name of the molecule. protein; antibodies carbohydrate; sucrose carbohydrate; glucose nucleic acid; deoxyribonucleic acid nswer Slide 42 / The image below is of a large biomolecule. Identify this biomolecules and its components by selecting the correct list from the choices below: RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases N; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the bases, represents the phosphate N; #1 represents the phosphate, #2 represents the sugar, #3 represents the bases Slide 42 (nswer) / The image below is of a large biomolecule. Identify this biomolecules and its components by selecting the correct list from the choices below: RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases N; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the phosphate, #3 represents the bases RN; #1 represents the sugar, #2 represents the bases, represents the phosphate N; #1 represents the phosphate, #2 represents the sugar, #3 represents the bases nswer Slide 43 / 43