Anatomy & Physiology

Transcription

1 Anatomy & Physiology COURSE SYLLABUS Course Title: Anatomy & Physiology Department: Science Primary Course Materials: Text: Anthony s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology (2003) Lab Manual: Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual, Cat Version (2008) Course Description: 1 year, 10 credits. This is an academically rigorous elective that is designed to provide a background for those students anticipating study in medical or health fields in the future, or for students with an interest in how the human body functions. Topics include: anatomical terminology, histology, and an examination of the structure, function and disease of body systems. The text is written at a college reading level and many college level lab activities are conducted. The lab activities require motivated and independent students. All students are required to be active participants in a cat dissection for this course. Students will learn how to use a stethoscope, blood pressure cuff, spirometer, and other equipment in the lab. Prerequisites: Seniors: Biology & Chemistry - 85% or better or by recommendation of your biology teacher Juniors: Concurrent enrollment in Honors Chemistry Essential Question: How does the structure and function of the human body allow it to maintain homeostasis? Course Objectives: After completing the class, students should be able to: Explain how the body systems work together to maintain homeostasis Name the major cavities, organs, and structures of the body systems Perform dissections and properly use dissection instruments and other lab instruments (blood pressure cuff, stethoscope, spirometer, etc) Describe possible career options relating to A&P Describe many diseases relating to the body systems

2 Common Goals: Thinking and Communicating 1) Read information critically to develop understanding of concepts, topics and issues. 2) Write clearly, factually, persuasively and creatively in Standard English. 3) Speak clearly, factually, persuasively and creatively in Standard English. 4) Use computers and other technologies to obtain, organize and communicate information and to solve problems. 5) Conduct research to interpret issues or solve complex problems using a variety of data and information sources. Gain and Apply Knowledge in and across the Disciplines 6) Gain and Apply Knowledge in: a) Literature and Language b) Mathematics c) Science and Technology d) Social Studies, History and Geography e) Visual and Performing Arts f) Health and Physical Education Work and Contribute 7) Demonstrate personal responsibility for planning one s future academic and career options. 8) Participate in a school or community service activity. 9) Develop informed opinions about current economic, environmental, political and social issues affecting Massachusetts, the United States and the world and understand how citizens can participate in the political and legal system to affect improvements in these areas. Learning Standards from the Massachusetts Curriculum Framework: 1.1 Recognize that biological organisms are composed primarily of very few elements. The six most common are C, H, N, O, P, and S. 1.2 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) 1.3 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as ph and temperature, that have an effect on enzymes. 2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles (plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, ribosome, vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centriole, cilium, flagellum, pseudopod) to their functions. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport).

3 2.5 Explain the important role that ATP serves in metabolism. 2.6 Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells, and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction. 2.7 Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells. Explain the importance of this process in sexual reproduction, and how gametes form diploid zygotes in the process of fertilization. 3.1 Describe the basic structure (double helix, sugar/phosphate backbone, linked by complementary nucleotide pairs) of DNA, and describe its function in genetic inheritance. 3.2 Describe the basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic code. Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. Distinguish among the end products of replication, transcription, and translation. 4.1 Explain generally how the digestive system (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum) converts macromolecules from food into smaller molecules that can be used by cells for energy and for repair and growth. 4.2 Explain how the circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, red blood cells) transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes cell wastes. Describe how the kidneys and the liver are closely associated with the circulatory system as they perform the excretory function of removing waste from the blood. Recognize that kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes, and the liver removes many toxic compounds from blood. 4.3 Explain how the respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, alveoli) provides exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. 4.4 Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works. 4.5 Explain how the muscular/skeletal system (skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons) works with other systems to support the body and allow for movement. Recognize that bones produce blood cells. 4.6 Recognize that the sexual reproductive system allows organisms to produce offspring that receive half of their genetic information from their mother and half from their father, and that sexually produced offspring resemble, but are not identical to, either of their parents. 4.7 Recognize that communication among cells is required for coordination of body functions. The nerves communicate with electrochemical signals, hormones

4 circulate through the blood, and some cells produce signals to communicate only with nearby cells. 4.8 Recognize that the body s systems interact to maintain homeostasis. Describe the basic function of a physiological feedback loop.

5 Chapter 1: Organization of the Body 1 Introductions/Lab Safety/Books Book required for day 2 activity Book covered, signed lab safety contract due day due on day 4 (see KTI) 2 Discuss: Levels of life, complementarity, body systems Group work: Develop mini-presentations from Ch 1 KTI (Book required) 3 Books covers checked, safety contracts collected Discuss: Homeostasis, feedback Presentations & Lab (The Language of Anatomy) 4 Reading Quiz 4-10 Presentations & Lab (The Language of Anatomy) 5 Presentations & Lab (The Language of Anatomy) Simon Says (With Descriptive Terms) 6 Reading Quiz Introduce 2 Projects Research time: Career Cruising Project 7 Reading Quiz Review Computer lab Review Jeopardy Game Book covered, signed lab safety contract due day due on day 4 (see KTI) 4-10 due on day 4 (see KTI) due day 6 (see KTI) due day 6 (see KTI) due day 7 (see KTI) Study - Exam on Ch 1 KTI on Day 8 8 Exam: Ch 1 KTI Free Night

6 Chapter 2,3,4: Review of Biochemistry, Microscopes, and Cells 1 Assign groups to chapter sections Begin Microscope Lab Meet in computer lab day 2, book required day 2 Read assigned chapter/section for day 2 2 Computer lab time to type up and assemble posters, handouts, and quiz questions for your chapter 3 Review presentations: Biochemistry (Ch 2) Microscope lab 4 Review Presentations: Cells (Ch 3) Microscope Lab 5 Review Presentation: Physiology of Cells (Ch 4) Finish Microscope Lab Start Transport Lab 6 Review Presentation: Physiology of Cells (Ch 4) Transport Lab 7 Collect crosswords & pre-lab (40 points) Transport Lab Divide up and complete any work left on poster, handout, quiz for day 3 Ch. 2 Crossword due day 7 Tip: Use the Key Terms on first page for word bank Ch. 3 Crossword due day 7 Tip: Use the Key Terms on first page for word bank Ch. 4 Crossword due day 7 Tip: Use the Key Terms on first page for word bank Pre-lab questions for Transport Lab Activity 3 (Crosswords + Pre-lab = 40 points, due day 7) Career Cruising Project (50 points) due day 9 8 Transport Lab Career Cruising Project (50 points) due day 9 9 Present careers mini projects in small groups Catch-up/wrap up time for labs OR Video Women in medical research 10 Lab Exam on Microscope & Transport Lab (open note) 100 points Free night Free night

7 Chapter 5: Tissues (Histology) 1 Introduction to tissues & epithelium Start epithelia flashcards Get pictures of epithelia due day 3 2 Finish epithelia flashcards Study epithelia slides 3 Reading quiz Finish epithelia slides Introduction to connective tissues Start connective tissue flashcards 4 Finish connective tissue flashcards Connective tissue slides 5 Reading quiz Introduction to nervous & muscle tissue Make last 4 flashcards Study 4 slides 6 Catch up day (if needed) Review: Quiz Yourself Review: Jeopardy Meet in computer lab tomorrow Get pictures of connective tissue due day due day 5 Get pictures of nervous & muscle due day due day due day 7 7 Reading quiz Review: web sites 8 Review: study session with your partner Study for Histo. Practical 9 Histology Lab Practical Examination (100 pts) Free Night

8 Chapter 6: Skin And Its Appendages 1 Introduction to skin functions, tissues, and layers Coloring worksheet Book required tomorrow 2 Finish skin introduction notes Lab (The Structure of Skin - Microscopes) If time start jigsaw activity Book required tomorrow due day due day 4 3 Ch 6 Group Activity: Jigsaw due day 4 4 Reading quiz Start Lab (The Skin You re In) Study for Book Exam 5 Introduction to skin receptors Study for Book Exam Lab (The Skin You re In) 6 Finish Lab Study for Book Exam Review Game (Bio-Challenge) 7 Review & video OR Book Exam on Ch.5 & 6? KTI 100 points 8? Book Exam on Ch.5 & 6 KTI 100 points Free Night

9 Chapter 7,8,9: Bones and Articulations (Joints) *There is no KTI for this unit you will be tested directly on the information in the Study Guides *Disease Diaries Project is due on December 22! 1 Introduction to bone functions and classification Lab (The Structure of Bones) Video: Muscles & Bone (30 minutes) 2 Introduction to microscopic structure of bone Lab (The Structure of Bones) 3 Introduction to structure of long bones Lab (The Structure of Bones Beef Bone) Ch. 7 study guide due day 5 Ch. 7 study guide due day 5 Ch. 7 study guide due day 5 4 Introduction to chemical composition of bones Lab (The Structure of Bones Chicken bones in acid versus baked) Introduction to bone growth 5 Study Guide Quick Check (Ch 7) Finish bone growth notes Finish Lab (The Structure of Bones) 6 Introduction to hormones and bone fractures Start Bone Lab Meet in computer lab tomorrow 7 Radiography Web Quest If time more Bone Lab 8 Some Web-Quest Presentations Bone Lab 9 Some Web-Quest Presentations Bone Lab 10 Study Guide Quick Check (Ch 8) Bone Lab 11 Some Web-Quest Presentations Bone Lab Ch. 7 study guide due day 5 Ch 8 study guide due day 10 Ch 8 study guide due day 10 Ch 8 study guide due day 10 Ch 8 study guide due day 10 Ch 8 study guide due day 10 Ch. 9 study guide due day 16 Ch. 9 study guide due day 16

10 Meet in computer lab tomorrow 12 Computer activities to review bones so far Bone lab 13 Introduction to articulations (classification) & worksheet Bone Lab 14 Introduction to body movements & worksheet Bone Lab Meet in computer lab tomorrow 15 Computer activities to review types of joints and movements at joints Computer activity: Virtual knee surgery Computer activities to review bones so far 16 Study Guide Quick Check (Ch 9) Video: Joints (shows ACL repair surgery) 17 Disease Diaries Project Due (100 points) Class activity= sharing your diseases?!? 18 Notes: sprains, bursitis, arthritis Bone Lab Ch. 9 study guide due day 16 Ch. 9 study guide due day 16 Ch. 9 study guide due day 16 Ch. 9 study guide due day 16 Disease Diaries Due Tomorrow! -10 each day late Study Lab Practical (bones) 100 points 19 Bone Lab Mini-Lab: Is it a male or female skeleton? Study Lab Practical (bones) 100 points 20 Bone Lab study session with your partner Study Lab Practical (bones) 100 points 21 The Bone Lab Practical (100 points) Study Book Exam on 7,8,9 Study Guides 22 Review Jeopardy Review Bio Challenge Study Book Exam on 7,8,9 Study Guides 23 Book exam on Ch 7,8,9 study guides Free Night

11 Chapter 10, 11: Muscle Anatomy & Physiology *There is no KTI for this unit you will be tested directly on the information in the Study Guides PLUS be able to list the 7 steps of muscle contraction from memory 1 Introduction to muscle function and naming and cell structure Coloring Worksheet 2 Introduction to sliding filament theory of muscle contraction Finish Coloring/Questions Worksheet Meet in computer lab tomorrow 3 Computer activities on muscle contraction (plus check on Marieb video clips) Meet in groups to brainstorm about muscle contraction skits 4 More time to brainstorm/prepare your skits Notes: Misc. topics 5 Perform skits illustrating muscle contraction Finish notes on misc. topics 6 Catch up time Quick lab: Function of muscle Meet in computer next 2 days Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 Pre-Lab Questions for computer lab due tomorrow (10 points) Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 7 Computer Lab: Skeletal Muscle Physiology Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 8 Computer Lab: Skeletal Muscle Physiology Complete computer lab at home if needed & Ch. 11 study guide due day 9 9 Study Guide Quick Check Ch.11 Ch 10 study guide due day 24 Introduction to dissection procedures and skinning 10 Dissection: skinning Ch 10 study guide due day 24

12 11 Dissection: skinning Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of neck, chest and abdomen Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of neck, chest and abdomen Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of neck, chest and abdomen Ch 10 study guide due day 24 Study for Lab Prac. #1 15 Lab Practical #1: muscles of neck, chest and abdomen Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of the shoulder Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of the shoulder Ch 10 study guide due day 24 Study for Lab Prac #2 18 Lab Practical #2: muscles of the shoulder Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of the arm Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of the arm Ch 10 study guide due day 24 Study for Lab Prac. #3 21 Lab Practical #3: muscles of the arm Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of the leg Ch 10 study guide due day Dissection: muscles of the leg Ch 10 study guide due day Study Guide Quick Check Ch.10 Dissection: muscles of the leg Study for Lab. Prac#4 the longest & hardest one! 25 Lab Practical #4: muscles of the leg Phew! Study for Book Exam 26 Review: Jeopardy Study for Book Exam Review: Bio Challenge 27 Book Exam on Ch 10, 11 Study Guide Free Night

13 Chapter 17-20: Cardiovascular System 1 Introduction to blood cells Start Lab (Performing a Differential WBC Count) 2 Finish Lab (Performing a Differential WBC Count) Finish Ch 17 notes misc. topics Meet in computer lab tomorrow 3 Computer Lab (Blood Analysis) Meet in computer lab tomorrow (if needed) 4 Finish Computer Lab If time video: The Heart Pump (25 mins) 5 Dissection Activity 1 opening the body cavities & naming the main organs Lab Practical identifying organs (20 points) 6 Introduction to the heart layers and chambers Dissection Activity 2 Cat & sheep heart Ch 17 KTI Ch 17 KTI Ch 17 KTI Ch 18 KTI Ch 18 KTI Ch 18 KTI 7 Lab practical: hearts (20 points) Ch 18 KTI Introduction to the path of blood flow through the heart If time Anatomy coloring (heart) 8 Path of blood flow partner work and quiz-yourself Ch 19 KTI Finish Ch. 18 notes misc. topics 9 Start notes on blood vessels & lymphatics Ch 19 KTI Dissection Activity 3 Blood vessels 10 Lab practical - blood vessels (30 points) Ch 19 KTI Finish notes on blood vessels and lymphatics 11 Lab (Blood pressure & pulse determinations) Ch 20 KTI 12 Lab (Blood pressure & pulse determinations) Study test on day Examination on KTI Ch (100 points) Free night Optional activities: Heart attack web tutorial

14 Chapter 23-28: Quick Respiratory, Digestive & Urinary System 1 Intro. to respiratory anatomy Study Quiz KTI Dissection & Practical: Respiratory System Juniors: Schedule PLUS meeting to introduce finals project 2 Introduction to inspiratory muscles & spirometers Study Quiz KTI Lab (Respiratory System Physiology) 3 Introduction to digestive anatomy Study Quiz KTI Dissection: digestive system 4 Lab practical: digestive system Study Quiz KTI Intro. to digestive system physiology Dress for lab tomorrow 5 Lab (protein digestion) Study Quiz KTI Continue notes on digestive system physiology Dress for lab tomorrow 6 Lab (carbohydrate digestion) Study Quiz KTI Continue notes on digestive system physiology Dress for lab tomorrow 7 Lab (fat digestion) Study Quiz KTI Finish notes on digestive system physiology 8 Introduction to urinary system Study Quiz KTI Dissection & practical: urinary system Dress for lab tomorrow 9 Finish notes: urinary system physiology Study Quiz KTI Urinalysis (fake urine) lab 10 Wrap up/review/clean up (seniors) Study Quiz KTI 11 Quiz on respiratory/digestive/urinary Study Quiz KTI 12 Last day for seniors! Field day/party Bon voyage class of 2010!! 13 Juniors R&R day- movie Awakenings Bon voyage class of 2010!! Optional: Respiratory & Digestive System videos (25 mins) Respiratory rate lab Digestive computer lab Urinary system computer lab

15 Chapter 12: Nervous System Cells 1 Introduction nervous system organization Dissection: Regions of the brain (sheep) Ch 12 KTI due on day 6 Game Project due day 8 2 Introduction to neuron structure and reflexes Lab (Human Reflex Physiology) 3 Finish Lab (Human Reflex Physiology) Introduction to action potentials Meet in computer lab tomorrow 4 Finish action potential notes Case Study: John Woodbury Meet in computer lab tomorrow 5 Finish Case Study: John Woodbury If time Computer lab (Neurophysiology of nerve impulses) 6 Reading Quiz on all of Chapter 12 Notes: The sense organs Ch 12 KTI due on day 6 Game Project due day 8 Ch 12 KTI due on day 6 Game Project due day 8 Ch 12 KTI due on day 6 Game Project due day 8 Ch 12 KTI due on day 6 Game Project due day 8 Game Project due day 8 7 Lab (eyeball dissection & vision Game Project due day 8 8 Presentations: Game Day Study for final exam (see study guide) 9 Presentations: Game Day Study for final exam (see study guide) 10 Presentations: Game Day Study for final exam (see study guide) 11 Class room clean up & review Study for final exam (see study guide) 12 C BLOCK ONLY (Meets sixth time): Video or Review Optional: Alzheimers Project Video, Teenage Brain Video Study for final exam (see study guide)