Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Fluid Flow
|
|
|
- Rudolph Jackson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Fluid Flow
2 Learning outcomes By the end of this chapter students should be able to: Understand the terms & concepts of velocity, average velocity and discharge. Understand the principle of conservation of mass and able to apply the continuity equation. Understand the principle of conservation of energy (Bernoulli s principle) and able to apply the energy equation. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW
3 Velocity & discharge Velocity: A parameter that tells how fast and in what direction the fluid flows. Unit : m/s Discharge: A parameter that tells the total quantity of fluid flowing in a unit time past any particular cross-section of a stream. Unit: m 3 /s UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 3
4 Velocity profiles UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 4
5 When fluid is in motion, velocity for each fluid particle will varies throughout the flow. However in most engineering problem, velocity variation over the cross-section can be ignored, the velocity being assumed to be constant and equal to the mean velocity v. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 5
6 True & average velocities Consider an annular area at radius, r, with thickness, dr, as shown in figure below. The elemental area through which the flow passes, da, can be given by the following expressions, da rdr UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 6
7 The fluid velocity, v, which passes through this area is fairly constant if dr is kept small. This velocity is the true velocity of the fluid at radius r from the centre of the pipe. The elemental discharge, dq, through this area is given by; dq vda v rdr UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 7
8 The total discharge Q can be obtained by integrating dq over the whole cross sectional area of the flow; Q R O vrdr The average or mean velocity can then be expressed as; v average Q A UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 8
9 Discharge Can be expressed as: Volume: Volume flowrate, unit : m 3/ s Mass :Mass flowrate, unit : kg/s Weight: Weight flowrate, unit : N/s Q M Q Av W gq UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 9
10 Example 6. Benzene flows through a 00 mm diameter pipe. The mean velocity of flow is 3 m/s. Find the volumetric rate, weight of flow rate and mass flow rate. Mass density of benzene is 879 kg/ m 3. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 0
11 Conservation of mass Matter is neither created nor destroyed. In steady flow, the mass of fluid in the control volume remains constant, therefore Mass of fluid entering per unit time = Mass of fluid leaving per unit time UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW
12 Applying this principle to steady flow in streamtube with constant cross-sectional area small enough for velocity to be considered constant, Mass of fluid entering per unit time at section = Mass of fluid leaving per unit time at section UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW
13 Massentering per unit time at A u M assleaving per unit time at Au For steady flow, A u Using mean velocity, Consider incompressible Or A u A u Q A Q A u u A u Q constant m fluid, is known as continuity equation UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 3
14 Continuity equation can also be applied to determine the relation between the flows into and out of a junction. Totalinflow to junction Q Q A v Totaloutflow from junction Q Q A v Q Q A v 3 3 ( incompressible fluid) UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 4
15 Example 6. Water is flowing in a 5 mm diameter pipe at a velocity of 0.6 m/s. What is the velocity of water coming out of the nozzle which is attached to the pipe? The nozzle has a diameter of 3 mm. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 5
16 Example 6.3 Water flows through a pipeline in which the diameter reduces from 500 mm at A to 300 mm at B as shown in Figure. The pipe then forks, one branch has a diameter of 50 mm discharging at C, while the other branch with diameter of 00 mm discharges at D. Given that the velocity at A is.0 m/s and the velocity at D is 3.6 m/s, find discharges at C and D and the velocities at B and C. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 6
17 Example 6.4 (Douglas, 006) Water flows from A to D and E through the series pipeline shown in Fig. Given the pipe diameters, velocities and flow rates below, complete the tabular data for this system. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 7
18 Energy equation To analyze flow problems, consider 3 forms of energy i.e. potential energy, kinetic energy & pressure energy. Consider an element of fluid as shown in the next figure. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 8
19 Energy equation Potential energy, PE (energy possessed due to elevation) PE per unit weight z mgz Kinetic energy, KE (energy possessed due to velocity) PE KE KE per unit weight mv v g UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 9
20 Energy equation Work Energy (amount of work needed to move from AB to A B ) Force exerted on AB pa When section moved to A B, Volume passing AB, W V W V mg g m UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 0
21 Energy equation Distance AA m A WE Force x Distance AA pa m A WE per unit weight p g UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW
22 Energy equation Total Energy, H WE KE WE H p g v g z Where, p g pressurehead (m) v velocity head (m) g z potentialhead (m) UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW
23 Bernoulli s equation States, for a steady flow of frictionless fluid along a streamline, the total energy per unit weight remains constant from point to point although its division between the three forms of energy may vary. H p g v g z UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 3
24 Bernoulli s equation Assumptions: Velocity on the flow cross section is uniform, i.e. average velocity is used. Effect of viscous forces are very small compared to the gravitational forces, therefore there are no losses of energy due to friction Energy of flow is not converted into any other form apart from kinetic, potential and pressure energies. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 4
25 Bernoulli s equation between points H H p g v g z p g v g z UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 5
26 Energy losses & gains Energy losses between two points, Including energy losses by turbine (h q ) and additional energy by pump (h p ) UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 6 h L z g v g p z g v g p p q L h h h z g v g p z g v g p
27 Kinetic Energy Correction Factor As correction to kinetic energy (v ave ) Consider a small elemental fluid mass dm moving with velocity v. True kinetic energy, But the KE across the section per unit time, where M is the mass flow rate. Integrating, KE KE KE v dmv 3 dmv da UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 7
28 Considering KE True KE v 3 Qv 3 v 3 da A vave Uniform velocity,.0 v da ave Turbulent flow,.0.5 Laminar flow,, ave Av ave Average KEx KEcorrection Av.0 ave 3 3 factor UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 8
29 Example 6.3 A pipe conveying water tapers from a cross sectional area of 0.5 m at A to 0. m at B. The pressure at A is 0 kn/m and the velocity is.0 m/s. Assuming no energy losses, determine the pressure at B, which is 4.0 m above the level of A. A A A = 0.5 m v A =. 0 m/s p A = 0 kn/ m B A B = 0. m UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 9
30 Example 6.4 A siphon has a uniform circular section of 70 mm diameter and consists of a bent pipe with its crest.6 m above the water level as shown in figure. The siphon discharges into the atmosphere at a level 3.0 m below the water level. i. Calculate the velocity and the discharge. ii. The pressure head at the end of the siphon is equivalent to 0 m head of water. Calculate the pressure head at the crest. Neglect all losses. A B.6 m C 3 m UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 30
31 Example 6.5 An elevated water tank as in figure is being drained to an underground storage through a 300 mm diameter pipe. The flow rate is 0. m 3 /s and the head loss is 3.0 m. If the underground pipe is located at.5 m below ground level, determine the water surface elevation in the tank. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 3
32 Example 6.7 (Douglas, 006) A fire engine pump develops a head of 50 m, i.e. it increases the energy per unit weight of water passing through it by 50 N m N -. The pump draws water from a sump at A through a 50 mm diameter pipe in which there is a loss of energy per unit weight due to friction h = 5u / g varying with the mean velocity u in the pipe, and discharges it through a 75 mm nozzle at C, 30 m above the pump, at the end of a 00 mm diameter delivery pipe in which there is a loss of energy per unit weight h = u / g. Calculate, a. The velocity of the jet issuing from the nozzle at C and b. The pressure in the suction pipe at the inlet to the pump at B. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 3
33 UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 33
34 Energy line Change of energy of head from one form to another can be represented by: Total Energy Line (TEL) : total head Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL): elevation + pressure head UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 34
35 Representation of energy changes in a fluid system UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 35
36 Energy line UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 36
37 Exercise 6. When 0.3 m3/s of water flows through a 75 mm constriction in a 350 mm horizontal pipeline, the pressure at a point in the pipe is 300 kpa and the head loss between this point and the constriction is m. Calculate the pressure in the constriction. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 37
38 Exercise 6. Water flows in a pipeline. At a point in the line where the diameter is 00 mm the velocity is 3.6 m/s and the pressure is 345 kpa. At a point m away the diameter reduces to 00 mm. calculate the pressure here when the pipe is a) Horizontal b) Vertical with flow downward UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 38
39 Exercise 6.3 A pump draws water from a reservoir through a pipe 0.5 m in diameter. When 300 L/s is being pumped, calculate the pressure in the pipe at a point.4 m above the reservoir surface, in Pa and in meter of water. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 39
40 Exercise 6.4 Water flows from one reservoir in a 00 mm diameter pipe, while from a second reservoir, water flows in a 50 mm diameter pipe as shown in figure. The two pipes meet in a tee junction with a 300 mm diameter pipe that discharges to the atmosphere at an elevation of 5 m. If the water surface in both reservoirs are 35 m elevation, calculate the flowrate in the 300 mm pipe. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 40
41 Apr 00 For the frictionless siphon shown in Figure Q4(b), determine the discharge and the pressure heads at A and B, given that the pipe diameter is 00 mm and the nozzle exit diameter is 50 mm. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 4
42 Review of past semesters final exam questions UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 4
43 Apr 00 For the frictionless siphon shown in Figure Q4(b), determine the discharge and the pressure heads at A and B, given that the pipe diameter is 00 mm and the nozzle exit diameter is 50 mm. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 43
44 Oct 009 Water flows into a large tank at a rate of 0.05 m 3 /s, as shown in Figure Q4 (b). The water leaves the tank through 8 holes at the bottom of the tank, each of which produces a jet of mm diameter. Neglecting losses, determine the height, for steady flow condition using Bernoulli Equation. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 44
45 Apr 009 Water flows in the pipe system as shown in Figure Q4(a). The diameters of the pipes at inlet and outlet are 30cm and 00cm respectively. Apply the continuity equations to find the following: i) Velocity at the mid length of pipe ii) Velocity at the end of 00cm diameter iii) Weight flowrate (p=808 kg/m3) iv) Mass flowrate UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 45
46 Apr 009 A siphon has a circular bore of 60mm and consists of a bent pipe with its crest.5m above the water surface and discharging into the atmosphere 3.5 m below the water surface. Use the energy equation to calculate the flow velocity, discharge and absolute pressure at the crest level for an atmospheric pressure of 00 kpa. State all assumptions made. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 46
47 Oct 008 The closed tank of a fire engine is partly filled with water, the air space above being under pressure as shown in Figure Q4(b). A 60 mm bore connected to the tank discharges on the roof of a building.5 m above the level of water in the tank. Given the friction losses are 450 mm of water. Determine the air pressure which must be maintained in the tank to deliver 0 litres/s on the roof. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 47
48 UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 48
49 Apr 008 Water flows in the pipe system as shown in Figure Q4(a). The diameters of the pipes at points, and 4 are 30 mm, 75 mm and 50 mm respectively. The velocity at points and 3 are.5 m/s and.5 m/s respectively. If the flow rate at point 3 is twice that at point 4, determine: i) Flow rates at point,,3, and 4 ii) Velocities at points and 4 iii) Diameter of pipe at point 3 UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 49
50 UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 50
51 Apr 008 A 50 mm diameter pipe is used to deliver oil from tank A to tank B with the help of a pump, P, as shown in Figure Q4(b). The pressure at point S in the suction pipe is a vacuum of 40 mm of mercury. If the flowrate is 0.05 m 3 /s of oil (S.G = 0.7), find the total energy head at point S with respect to a datum at the pump. UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 5
52 UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 5
53 End UiTMKS/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW 53
oil liquid water water liquid Answer, Key Homework 2 David McIntyre 1
Answer, Key Homework 2 David McIntyre 1 This print-out should have 14 questions, check that it is complete. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page: find all choices before making
Mercury is poured into a U-tube as in Figure (14.18a). The left arm of the tube has crosssectional
Chapter 14 Fluid Mechanics. Solutions of Selected Problems 14.1 Problem 14.18 (In the text book) Mercury is poured into a U-tube as in Figure (14.18a). The left arm of the tube has crosssectional area
Chapter 5 MASS, BERNOULLI AND ENERGY EQUATIONS
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd Edition Yunus A. Cengel, John M. Cimbala McGraw-Hill, 2010 Chapter 5 MASS, BERNOULLI AND ENERGY EQUATIONS Lecture slides by Hasan Hacışevki Copyright
CE 6303 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS L T P C QUESTION BANK PART - A
CE 6303 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS L T P C QUESTION BANK 3 0 0 3 UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS PART - A 1. Define fluid and fluid mechanics. 2. Define real and ideal fluids. 3. Define mass density
FLUID MECHANICS. TUTORIAL No.7 FLUID FORCES. When you have completed this tutorial you should be able to. Solve forces due to pressure difference.
FLUID MECHANICS TUTORIAL No.7 FLUID FORCES When you have completed this tutorial you should be able to Solve forces due to pressure difference. Solve problems due to momentum changes. Solve problems involving
CEE 370 Fall 2015. Laboratory #3 Open Channel Flow
CEE 70 Fall 015 Laboratory # Open Channel Flow Objective: The objective of this experiment is to measure the flow of fluid through open channels using a V-notch weir and a hydraulic jump. Introduction:
Pumps: Convert mechanical energy (often developed from electrical source) into hydraulic energy (position, pressure and kinetic energy).
HYDRAULIC MACHINES Used to convert between hydraulic and mechanical energies. Pumps: Convert mechanical energy (often developed from electrical source) into hydraulic energy (position, pressure and kinetic
OUTCOME 1 STATIC FLUID SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 1 - HYDROSTATICS
Unit 41: Fluid Mechanics Unit code: T/601/1445 QCF Level: 4 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 1 STATIC FLUID SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 1 - HYDROSTATICS 1. Be able to determine the behavioural characteristics and parameters
Chapter 28 Fluid Dynamics
Chapter 28 Fluid Dynamics 28.1 Ideal Fluids... 1 28.2 Velocity Vector Field... 1 28.3 Mass Continuity Equation... 3 28.4 Bernoulli s Principle... 4 28.5 Worked Examples: Bernoulli s Equation... 7 Example
Practice Problems on Pumps. Answer(s): Q 2 = 1850 gpm H 2 = 41.7 ft W = 24.1 hp. C. Wassgren, Purdue University Page 1 of 16 Last Updated: 2010 Oct 29
_02 A centrifugal with a 12 in. diameter impeller requires a power input of 60 hp when the flowrate is 3200 gpm against a 60 ft head. The impeller is changed to one with a 10 in. diameter. Determine the
CO 2 41.2 MPa (abs) 20 C
comp_02 A CO 2 cartridge is used to propel a small rocket cart. Compressed CO 2, stored at a pressure of 41.2 MPa (abs) and a temperature of 20 C, is expanded through a smoothly contoured converging nozzle
So if ω 0 increases 3-fold, the stopping angle increases 3 2 = 9-fold.
Name: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Questions 1-11 are 5 points each. 1. A safety device brings the blade of a power mower from an angular speed of ω 1 to rest in 1.00 revolution. At the same constant angular acceleration,
Fluids and Solids: Fundamentals
Fluids and Solids: Fundamentals We normally recognize three states of matter: solid; liquid and gas. However, liquid and gas are both fluids: in contrast to solids they lack the ability to resist deformation.
FLUID FLOW Introduction General Description
FLUID FLOW Introduction Fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. In this experiment, you
For Water to Move a driving force is needed
RECALL FIRST CLASS: Q K Head Difference Area Distance between Heads Q 0.01 cm 0.19 m 6cm 0.75cm 1 liter 86400sec 1.17 liter ~ 1 liter sec 0.63 m 1000cm 3 day day day constant head 0.4 m 0.1 m FINE SAND
du u U 0 U dy y b 0 b
BASIC CONCEPTS/DEFINITIONS OF FLUID MECHANICS (by Marios M. Fyrillas) 1. Density (πυκνότητα) Symbol: 3 Units of measure: kg / m Equation: m ( m mass, V volume) V. Pressure (πίεση) Alternative definition:
Experiment 3 Pipe Friction
EML 316L Experiment 3 Pipe Friction Laboratory Manual Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department College of Engineering FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Nomenclature Symbol Description Unit A cross-sectional
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.Introduction 1.2.Objectives
Structure 1.1.Introduction 1.2.Objectives 1.3.Properties of Fluids 1.4.Viscosity 1.5.Types of Fluids. 1.6.Thermodynamic Properties 1.7.Compressibility 1.8.Surface Tension and Capillarity 1.9.Capillarity
Density (r) Chapter 10 Fluids. Pressure 1/13/2015
1/13/015 Density (r) Chapter 10 Fluids r = mass/volume Rho ( r) Greek letter for density Units - kg/m 3 Specific Gravity = Density of substance Density of water (4 o C) Unitless ratio Ex: Lead has a sp.
This chapter deals with three equations commonly used in fluid mechanics:
MASS, BERNOULLI, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS CHAPTER 5 This chapter deals with three equations commonly used in fluid mechanics: the mass, Bernoulli, and energy equations. The mass equation is an expression of
AP Physics - Chapter 8 Practice Test
AP Physics - Chapter 8 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A single conservative force F x = (6.0x 12) N (x is in m) acts on
Chapter 7 Energy and Energy Balances
CBE14, Levicky Chapter 7 Energy and Energy Balances The concept of energy conservation as expressed by an energy balance equation is central to chemical engineering calculations. Similar to mass balances
XI / PHYSICS FLUIDS IN MOTION 11/PA
Viscosity It is the property of a liquid due to which it flows in the form of layers and each layer opposes the motion of its adjacent layer. Cause of viscosity Consider two neighboring liquid layers A
LECTURE 1: Review of pipe flow: Darcy-Weisbach, Manning, Hazen-Williams equations, Moody diagram
LECTURE 1: Review of pipe flow: Darcy-Weisbach, Manning, Hazen-Williams equations, Moody diagram 1.1. Important Definitions Pressure Pipe Flow: Refers to full water flow in closed conduits of circular
Experiment # 3: Pipe Flow
ME 05 Mechanical Engineering Lab Page ME 05 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Spring Quarter 00 Experiment # 3: Pipe Flow Objectives: a) Calibrate a pressure transducer and two different flowmeters (paddlewheel
Chapter 15. FLUIDS. 15.1. What volume does 0.4 kg of alcohol occupy? What is the weight of this volume? m m 0.4 kg. ρ = = ; ρ = 5.
Chapter 15. FLUIDS Density 15.1. What volume does 0.4 kg of alcohol occupy? What is the weight of this volume? m m 0.4 kg ρ = ; = = ; = 5.06 x 10-4 m ρ 790 kg/m W = D = ρg = 790 kg/m )(9.8 m/s )(5.06 x
Differential Relations for Fluid Flow. Acceleration field of a fluid. The differential equation of mass conservation
Differential Relations for Fluid Flow In this approach, we apply our four basic conservation laws to an infinitesimally small control volume. The differential approach provides point by point details of
CHAPTER 15 FORCE, MASS AND ACCELERATION
CHAPTER 5 FORCE, MASS AND ACCELERATION EXERCISE 83, Page 9. A car initially at rest accelerates uniformly to a speed of 55 km/h in 4 s. Determine the accelerating force required if the mass of the car
ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I. Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts
ME 305 Fluid Mechanics I Part 8 Viscous Flow in Pipes and Ducts These presentations are prepared by Dr. Cüneyt Sert Mechanical Engineering Department Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey csert@metu.edu.tr
8. Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy Potential Energy: When an object has potential to have work done on it, it is said to have potential
8. Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy Potential Energy: When an object has potential to have work done on it, it is said to have potential energy, e.g. a ball in your hand has more potential energy
Lesson 3 - Understanding Energy (with a Pendulum)
Lesson 3 - Understanding Energy (with a Pendulum) Introduction This lesson is meant to introduce energy and conservation of energy and is a continuation of the fundamentals of roller coaster engineering.
Chapter 10. Flow Rate. Flow Rate. Flow Measurements. The velocity of the flow is described at any
Chapter 10 Flow Measurements Material from Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements; Figliola, Third Edition Flow Rate Flow rate can be expressed in terms of volume flow rate (volume/time) or mass
Head Loss in Pipe Flow ME 123: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory II: Fluids
Head Loss in Pipe Flow ME 123: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory II: Fluids Dr. J. M. Meyers Dr. D. G. Fletcher Dr. Y. Dubief 1. Introduction Last lab you investigated flow loss in a pipe due to the roughness
Pump Formulas Imperial and SI Units
Pump Formulas Imperial and Pressure to Head H = head, ft P = pressure, psi H = head, m P = pressure, bar Mass Flow to Volumetric Flow ṁ = mass flow, lbm/h ρ = fluid density, lbm/ft 3 ṁ = mass flow, kg/h
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP OVERVIEW Presented by Matt Prosoli Of Pumps Plus Inc.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP OVERVIEW Presented by Matt Prosoli Of Pumps Plus Inc. 1 Centrifugal Pump- Definition Centrifugal Pump can be defined as a mechanical device used to transfer liquid of various types. As
Unit 24: Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics
Unit 24: Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics Unit code: J/601/1496 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 2 TUTORIAL 2 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS The material needed for outcome 2 is very extensive
Water hammering in fire fighting installation
Water hammering in fire fighting installation Forward One of major problems raised in the fire fighting network installed at Pioneer company for pharmaceutical industry /Sulaymania was the high water hammering
Chapter 9. is gradually increased, does the center of mass shift toward or away from that particle or does it remain stationary.
Chapter 9 9.2 Figure 9-37 shows a three particle system with masses m 1 3.0 kg, m 2 4.0 kg, and m 3 8.0 kg. The scales are set by x s 2.0 m and y s 2.0 m. What are (a) the x coordinate and (b) the y coordinate
Experiment (13): Flow channel
Introduction: An open channel is a duct in which the liquid flows with a free surface exposed to atmospheric pressure. Along the length of the duct, the pressure at the surface is therefore constant and
Chapter 13 - Solutions
= Chapter 13 - Solutions Description: Find the weight of a cylindrical iron rod given its area and length and the density of iron. Part A On a part-time job you are asked to bring a cylindrical iron rod
C B A T 3 T 2 T 1. 1. What is the magnitude of the force T 1? A) 37.5 N B) 75.0 N C) 113 N D) 157 N E) 192 N
Three boxes are connected by massless strings and are resting on a frictionless table. Each box has a mass of 15 kg, and the tension T 1 in the right string is accelerating the boxes to the right at a
When the fluid velocity is zero, called the hydrostatic condition, the pressure variation is due only to the weight of the fluid.
Fluid Statics When the fluid velocity is zero, called the hydrostatic condition, the pressure variation is due only to the weight of the fluid. Consider a small wedge of fluid at rest of size Δx, Δz, Δs
Curso2012-2013 Física Básica Experimental I Cuestiones Tema IV. Trabajo y energía.
1. A body of mass m slides a distance d along a horizontal surface. How much work is done by gravity? A) mgd B) zero C) mgd D) One cannot tell from the given information. E) None of these is correct. 2.
CHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY
CHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS. REASONING AND SOLUTION The work done by F in moving the box through a displacement s is W = ( F cos 0 ) s= Fs. The work done by F is W = ( F cos θ). s From
Swissmetro travels at high speeds through a tunnel at low pressure. It will therefore undergo friction that can be due to:
I. OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT. Swissmetro travels at high speeds through a tunnel at low pressure. It will therefore undergo friction that can be due to: 1) Viscosity of gas (cf. "Viscosity of gas" experiment)
Work, Energy and Power
Work, Energy and Power In this section of the Transport unit, we will look at the energy changes that take place when a force acts upon an object. Energy can t be created or destroyed, it can only be changed
F N A) 330 N 0.31 B) 310 N 0.33 C) 250 N 0.27 D) 290 N 0.30 E) 370 N 0.26
Physics 23 Exam 2 Spring 2010 Dr. Alward Page 1 1. A 250-N force is directed horizontally as shown to push a 29-kg box up an inclined plane at a constant speed. Determine the magnitude of the normal force,
AgoraLink Agora for Life Science Technologies Linköpings Universitet Kurs i Fysiologisk mätteknik Biofluidflöden
AgoraLink Agora for Life Science Technologies Linköpings Universitet Kurs i Fysiologisk mätteknik Biofluidflöden Fysiologisk mätteknik Anatomy of the heart The complex myocardium structure right ventricle
2. Parallel pump system Q(pump) = 300 gpm, h p = 270 ft for each of the two pumps
Pumping Systems: Parallel and Series Configurations For some piping system designs, it may be desirable to consider a multiple pump system to meet the design requirements. Two typical options include parallel
Air Flow Measurements
ME-EM 30 ENERGY LABORATORY Air Flow Measurements Pitot Static Tube A slender tube aligned with the flow can measure local velocity by means of pressure differences. It has sidewall holes to measure the
What is the most obvious difference between pipe flow and open channel flow????????????? (in terms of flow conditions and energy situation)
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW 1 3 Question What is the most obvious difference between pipe flow and open channel flow????????????? (in terms of flow conditions and energy situation) Typical open channel shapes Figure
Fluid Dynamics. AP Physics B
Fluid Dynamics AP Physics B Fluid Flow Up till now, we hae pretty much focused on fluids at rest. Now let's look at fluids in motion It is important that you understand that an IDEAL FLUID: Is non iscous
01 The Nature of Fluids
01 The Nature of Fluids WRI 1/17 01 The Nature of Fluids (Water Resources I) Dave Morgan Prepared using Lyx, and the Beamer class in L A TEX 2ε, on September 12, 2007 Recommended Text 01 The Nature of
SOLID MECHANICS DYNAMICS TUTORIAL MOMENT OF INERTIA. This work covers elements of the following syllabi.
SOLID MECHANICS DYNAMICS TUTOIAL MOMENT OF INETIA This work covers elements of the following syllabi. Parts of the Engineering Council Graduate Diploma Exam D5 Dynamics of Mechanical Systems Parts of the
Pipe Flow-Friction Factor Calculations with Excel
Pipe Flow-Friction Factor Calculations with Excel Course No: C03-022 Credit: 3 PDH Harlan H. Bengtson, PhD, P.E. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980
CHAPTER 9 CHANNELS APPENDIX A. Hydraulic Design Equations for Open Channel Flow
CHAPTER 9 CHANNELS APPENDIX A Hydraulic Design Equations for Open Channel Flow SEPTEMBER 2009 CHAPTER 9 APPENDIX A Hydraulic Design Equations for Open Channel Flow Introduction The Equations presented
DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW Volume 3 of 3
DOE-HDBK-1012/3-92 JUNE 1992 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW Volume 3 of 3 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved
Turbulence Modeling in CFD Simulation of Intake Manifold for a 4 Cylinder Engine
HEFAT2012 9 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 16 18 July 2012 Malta Turbulence Modeling in CFD Simulation of Intake Manifold for a 4 Cylinder Engine Dr MK
Viscous flow in pipe
Viscous flow in pipe Henryk Kudela Contents 1 Laminar or turbulent flow 1 2 Balance of Momentum - Navier-Stokes Equation 2 3 Laminar flow in pipe 2 3.1 Friction factor for laminar flow...........................
Pipe Flow Expert. Verification of Calculation Results
http://www.pipeflow.com Pipe Flow Expert Fluid Flow and Pressure Loss Calculations Software Verification of Calculation Results Table of Contents Results Data: Systems Solved by Pipe Flow Expert Introduction...
Practice final for Basic Physics spring 2005 answers on the last page Name: Date:
Practice final for Basic Physics spring 2005 answers on the last page Name: Date: 1. A 12 ohm resistor and a 24 ohm resistor are connected in series in a circuit with a 6.0 volt battery. Assuming negligible
Fluid Dynamics Basics
Fluid Dynamics Basics Bernoulli s Equation A very important equation in fluid dynamics is the Bernoulli equation. This equation has four variables: velocity ( ), elevation ( ), pressure ( ), and density
Fluid Mechanics Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Fluid Mechanics Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 20 Conservation Equations in Fluid Flow Part VIII Good morning. I welcome you all
LECTURE 9: Open channel flow: Uniform flow, best hydraulic sections, energy principles, Froude number
LECTURE 9: Open channel flow: Uniform flow, best hydraulic sections, energy principles, Froude number Open channel flow must have a free surface. Normally free water surface is subjected to atmospheric
FLUID FLOW STREAMLINE LAMINAR FLOW TURBULENT FLOW REYNOLDS NUMBER
VISUAL PHYSICS School of Physics University of Sydney Australia FLUID FLOW STREAMLINE LAMINAR FLOW TURBULENT FLOW REYNOLDS NUMBER? What type of fluid flow is observed? The above pictures show how the effect
4.What is the appropriate dimensionless parameter to use in comparing flow types? YOUR ANSWER: The Reynolds Number, Re.
CHAPTER 08 1. What is most likely to be the main driving force in pipe flow? A. Gravity B. A pressure gradient C. Vacuum 2.What is a general description of the flow rate in laminar flow? A. Small B. Large
Use the following information to deduce that the gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth is approximately 10 N kg 1.
IB PHYSICS: Gravitational Forces Review 1. This question is about gravitation and ocean tides. (b) State Newton s law of universal gravitation. Use the following information to deduce that the gravitational
Chapter 6 Work and Energy
Chapter 6 WORK AND ENERGY PREVIEW Work is the scalar product of the force acting on an object and the displacement through which it acts. When work is done on or by a system, the energy of that system
Appendix 4-C. Open Channel Theory
4-C-1 Appendix 4-C Open Channel Theory 4-C-2 Appendix 4.C - Table of Contents 4.C.1 Open Channel Flow Theory 4-C-3 4.C.2 Concepts 4-C-3 4.C.2.1 Specific Energy 4-C-3 4.C.2.2 Velocity Distribution Coefficient
POURING THE MOLTEN METAL
HEATING AND POURING To perform a casting operation, the metal must be heated to a temperature somewhat above its melting point and then poured into the mold cavity to solidify. In this section, we consider
Chapter 8: Flow in Pipes
Objectives 1. Have a deeper understanding of laminar and turbulent flow in pipes and the analysis of fully developed flow 2. Calculate the major and minor losses associated with pipe flow in piping networks
Forces. Definition Friction Falling Objects Projectiles Newton s Laws of Motion Momentum Universal Forces Fluid Pressure Hydraulics Buoyancy
Forces Definition Friction Falling Objects Projectiles Newton s Laws of Motion Momentum Universal Forces Fluid Pressure Hydraulics Buoyancy Definition of Force Force = a push or pull that causes a change
Exam 2 is at 7 pm tomorrow Conflict is at 5:15 pm in 151 Loomis
* By request, but I m not vouching for these since I didn t write them Exam 2 is at 7 pm tomorrow Conflict is at 5:15 pm in 151 Loomis There are extra office hours today & tomorrow Lots of practice exams
Pressure drop in pipes...
Pressure drop in pipes... PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS Pressure drop or head loss, occurs in all piping systems because of elevation changes, turbulence caused by abrupt changes in direction, and friction
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy Consider a ball falling from a height of y 0 =h to the floor at height y=0. A net force of gravity has been acting on the ball as it drops. So the total work done on the
Work Energy & Power. September 2000 Number 05. 1. Work If a force acts on a body and causes it to move, then the force is doing work.
PhysicsFactsheet September 2000 Number 05 Work Energy & Power 1. Work If a force acts on a body and causes it to move, then the force is doing work. W = Fs W = work done (J) F = force applied (N) s = distance
A MTR FUEL ELEMENT FLOW DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT PRELIMINARY RESULTS
A MTR FUEL ELEMENT FLOW DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT PRELIMINARY RESULTS W. M. Torres, P. E. Umbehaun, D. A. Andrade and J. A. B. Souza Centro de Engenharia Nuclear Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
PHY231 Section 2, Form A March 22, 2012. 1. Which one of the following statements concerning kinetic energy is true?
1. Which one of the following statements concerning kinetic energy is true? A) Kinetic energy can be measured in watts. B) Kinetic energy is always equal to the potential energy. C) Kinetic energy is always
Work, Power, Energy Multiple Choice. PSI Physics. Multiple Choice Questions
Work, Power, Energy Multiple Choice PSI Physics Name Multiple Choice Questions 1. A block of mass m is pulled over a distance d by an applied force F which is directed in parallel to the displacement.
CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE
CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE 3.1 UNDERSTANDING PRESSURE 1. The pressure acting on a surface is defined as.. force per unit. area on the surface. 2. Pressure, P = F A 3. Unit for pressure is. Nm -2 or
RECYCLED MICRO HYDROPOWER GENERATION USING HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP (HYDRAM)
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology (IMPACT: IJRET) Vol., Issue 3, Aug 23, - Impact Journals RECYCLED MICRO HYDROPOWER GENERATION USING HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP (HYDRAM) C.
A LAMINAR FLOW ELEMENT WITH A LINEAR PRESSURE DROP VERSUS VOLUMETRIC FLOW. 1998 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting
TELEDYNE HASTINGS TECHNICAL PAPERS INSTRUMENTS A LAMINAR FLOW ELEMENT WITH A LINEAR PRESSURE DROP VERSUS VOLUMETRIC FLOW Proceedings of FEDSM 98: June -5, 998, Washington, DC FEDSM98 49 ABSTRACT The pressure
AS COMPETITION PAPER 2007 SOLUTIONS
AS COMPETITION PAPER 2007 Total Mark/50 SOLUTIONS Section A: Multiple Choice 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 1 Section B: Written Answer Question 9. A mass M is attached to the end of a horizontal
www.mathsbox.org.uk Displacement (x) Velocity (v) Acceleration (a) x = f(t) differentiate v = dx Acceleration Velocity (v) Displacement x
Mechanics 2 : Revision Notes 1. Kinematics and variable acceleration Displacement (x) Velocity (v) Acceleration (a) x = f(t) differentiate v = dx differentiate a = dv = d2 x dt dt dt 2 Acceleration Velocity
WORKSHEET: KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY PROBLEMS
WORKSHEET: KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY PROBLEMS 1. Stored energy or energy due to position is known as Potential energy. 2. The formula for calculating potential energy is mgh. 3. The three factors that
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
Sixth Edition. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics International Student Version BRUCE R. MUNSON DONALD F. YOUNG Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics THEODORE H. OKIISHI Department
Problem Set 1. Ans: a = 1.74 m/s 2, t = 4.80 s
Problem Set 1 1.1 A bicyclist starts from rest and after traveling along a straight path a distance of 20 m reaches a speed of 30 km/h. Determine her constant acceleration. How long does it take her to
Physics 1114: Unit 6 Homework: Answers
Physics 1114: Unit 6 Homework: Answers Problem set 1 1. A rod 4.2 m long and 0.50 cm 2 in cross-sectional area is stretched 0.20 cm under a tension of 12,000 N. a) The stress is the Force (1.2 10 4 N)
State Newton's second law of motion for a particle, defining carefully each term used.
5 Question 1. [Marks 20] An unmarked police car P is, travelling at the legal speed limit, v P, on a straight section of highway. At time t = 0, the police car is overtaken by a car C, which is speeding
Chapter 2. Derivation of the Equations of Open Channel Flow. 2.1 General Considerations
Chapter 2. Derivation of the Equations of Open Channel Flow 2.1 General Considerations Of interest is water flowing in a channel with a free surface, which is usually referred to as open channel flow.
Chapter 10. Open- Channel Flow
Updated: Sept 3 2013 Created by Dr. İsmail HALTAŞ Created: Sept 3 2013 Chapter 10 Open- Channel Flow based on Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 6th EdiAon By Munson 2009* *some of the Figures and Tables
Chapter 3.8 & 6 Solutions
Chapter 3.8 & 6 Solutions P3.37. Prepare: We are asked to find period, speed and acceleration. Period and frequency are inverses according to Equation 3.26. To find speed we need to know the distance traveled
Hydraulic losses in pipes
Hydraulic losses in pipes Henryk Kudela Contents 1 Viscous flows in pipes 1 1.1 Moody Chart.................................... 2 1.2 Types of Fluid Flow Problems........................... 5 1.3 Minor
3 Work, Power and Energy
3 Work, Power and Energy At the end of this section you should be able to: a. describe potential energy as energy due to position and derive potential energy as mgh b. describe kinetic energy as energy
Air Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminators Strainers
Description Air Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminator Strainers are designed to provide separation, elimination and prevention of air in piping systems for a variety of installations and conditions.
Practice Problems on the Navier-Stokes Equations
ns_0 A viscous, incompressible, Newtonian liquid flows in stead, laminar, planar flow down a vertical wall. The thickness,, of the liquid film remains constant. Since the liquid free surface is eposed