Driving question: How do cows use energy to move? What is the hidden chemical change when cows move?

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1 Driving question: How do cows use energy to move? What is the hidden chemical change when cows move?

2 food inside the body Digestive system Circulatory system Food (large organic molecules) Digestion Small organic molecules Biosynthesis Body tissues Flow chart of tracing Cells Circulatory system, lungs Cellular Respiration H2O & CO2 Animal biomass (large organic molecules) For animal movement For animal growth Body

3 How do oxygen and food help a cow use energy to move?

4 In lungs, O 2 and CO 2 are exchanged in blood Oxygen comes in and carbon dioxide comes out of nose In all cells, glucose is broken down to release energy in bonds

5 How Atoms Bond Together in Molecules Atoms in stable molecules always have a certain number of bonds to other atoms: Carbon: 4 bonds Oxygen: 2 bonds Hydrogen: 1 bond Oxygen atoms do NOT bond to other oxygen atoms if they can bond to carbon or hydrogen instead. Chemical energy is stored in bonds between atoms Some bonds (C-C and C-H) have high chemical energy Other bonds (C-O and O-H) have lowchemical energy

6 Making the Reactant Molecules: Sugar and Oxygen Cellular respiration occurs when sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) reacts with oxygen (O 2 ). Make a molecules of sugar and oxygen on the reactant side of your Molecular Models poster: 1. Get the atoms you will need to make your molecules. Can you figure out from the formula for sugar how many C, H, and O atoms you will need? 2. Use the bonds to make models of a sugar molecule (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and at least 6 oxygen molecules (O 2, with a double bond) 3. Identify the high-energy bonds (C-C and C-H) by putting twisty ties on them. How many high energy bonds does a molecule of sugar have? 4. Compare your molecules to the pictures on the next slide. Are they the same?

7 Photo of reactant molecules: H 6 C 12 O 6 (sugar) Start by making the molecules and energy units of the reactants and putting them on the reactants side, then rearrange the atoms and energy units to show the products. Glucose with Chemical Energy Chemical change Oxygen Reactants Products Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms) Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away)

8 Rearranging the Atoms to Make Product Molecules: Carbon Dioxide and Water Cellular respiration occurs when sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) reacts with oxygen (O 2 ) to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O). Show how this can happen: 1. The reaction breaks the bonds in the molecules, so their bonds can break.now they can recombine into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor (H 2 O). Make as many of these molecules as you can from one sugar molecule. 2. Figure out numbers of molecules: a) How many O 2 molecules do you need to combine with one sugar molecule? b) How many CO 2 and H 2 O molecules are produced by respiring one molecule? 3. Remember, atoms last forever. So you can make and break bonds, but you still need the same atoms. 4. Remember, energy lasts forever. What forms of energy do the twisty ties represent now? 5. Compare your molecules to the pictures on the next slide. Are they the same?

9 Photo of product molecules CO 2 and H 2 O (carbon dioxide and water) Start by making the molecules and energy units of the reactants and putting them on the reactants side, then rearrange the atoms and energy units to show the products. Carbon dioxide Chemical change Water Reactants Heat / work Products Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms) Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away)

10 Comparing photos of reactant and product molecules Start by making the molecules and energy units of the reactants and putting them on the reactants side, then rearrange the atoms and energy units to show the products. Carbon dioxide Glucose with Chemical Energy Chemical change Water Oxygen Reactants Heat / work Products Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms) Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away)

11 Writing a Chemical Equation Chemists use chemical equationsto show how atoms of reactant molecules are rearranged to make product molecules Writing the equation in symbols: Chemists use an arrow to show how reactants change into products: [reactant molecule formulas] product molecule formulas] Saying it in words: Chemists read the arrow as yield or yields: [reactant molecule names] yield [product molecule names] Equations must be balanced: Atoms last forever, so reactant and product molecules must have the same number of each kind of atom Try it: can you write a balanced chemical equation to show the chemical change when animals move (use energy)?

12 Chemical equation for cellular respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6 CO H 2 O (in words: sugar reacts with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water)

13 Three Questions Poster Question Rules to Follow Evidence to Look For The Movement Question: Where are atoms moving? Where are atoms moving from? Where are atoms going to? The Carbon Question: What is happening to carbon atoms? What molecules are carbon atoms in before the process? How are the atoms rearranged into new molecules? The Energy Question: What is happening to chemical energy? What forms of energy are involved? How is energy changing from one form to another? Atoms last foreverin combustion and living systems All materials (solids, liquids, and gases) are made of atoms Carbon atoms are bound to other atoms in molecules Atoms can be rearranged to make new molecules Energy lasts foreverin combustion and living systems C-C and C-H bonds have more stored chemical energy than C-O and H-O bonds When materials change mass, atoms are moving When materials move, atoms are moving The air has carbon atoms in CO 2 Organic materials are made of molecules with carbon atoms Foods Fuels Living and dead plants and animals We can observe indicators of different forms of energy Organic materials with chemical energy Light Heat energy Motion

14 Can you answer the Three Questions for cellular respiration now? What are your ideas? The Movement Question: Where atoms moving?(where are atoms moving from? Where are atoms going to?) The Carbon Question: What is happening to carbon atoms? (What molecules are carbon atoms in before the process? How are the atoms rearranged into new molecules?) The Energy Question: What is happening to chemical energy? (What forms of energy are involved? How is energy changing from one form to another?)

15 What happens when animals move (use energy)? Where are atoms moving from? Where are atoms moving to? Chemical change What molecules are carbon atoms in before the change? What other molecules are involved? What molecules are carbon atoms in after the change? What other molecules are produced? What forms of energy are in the reactants? What forms of energy are in the products? Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can rearrange atoms into new molecules, but can t add or subtract atoms) Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can t appear or go away)

16 The End

17 Optional Process Tool Slides: Chemical changes when cows move (use energy)

18 Matter movement during cellular respiration at an macroscopic scale

19 Matter movement during cellular respiration at an macroscopic scale Large scale scales Macroscopic Microscopic Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

20 Analyze cellular respiration at a macroscopic scale Large scale scales Macroscopic Microscopic Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

21 Matter transformation during cellular respiration at a macroscopic scale Large scale Glucose water scales Macroscopic Microscopic oxygen carbon dioxide Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

22 Energy transformation during cellular respiration at a macroscopic scale Large scale Heat scales Macroscopic Chemical energy Work (For animal to live) Microscopic Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

23 Cellular respiration at a macroscopic scale Heat Large scale Chemical energy Work (For animal to live) Glucose scales Macroscopic Microscopic oxygen water carbon dioxide Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

24 What happens during cellular respiration at a microscopic scale? Mitochondria

25 Matter movement during cellular respiration at a microscopic scale Large scale Water Macroscopic scales Microscopic Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

26 Analyze cellular respiration at a microscopic scale Large scale Macroscopic scales Microscopic Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

27 Matter transformation during cellular respiration at a microscopic scale Large scale Macroscopic water scales Microscopic Oxygen carbon dioxide Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

28 Energy transformation of cellular respiration at a microscopic scale Large scale Macroscopic Heat scales Chemical energy Work Microscopic (For animal to live) Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

29 Cellular respiration at a microscopic scale Heat Large scale Macroscopic Chemical energy Work (For animal to live) scales water Microscopic Atomic molecular Oxygen carbon dioxide Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

30 What happens to oxygen and glucose at an atomic-molecular scale? : C6H 12 O6 : O 2

31 Analyze cellular respiration at an atomic-molecular scale Large scale Macroscopic scales Microscopic Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

32 Matter transformation of cellular respiration at atomic-molecular scale Large scale Macroscopic C 6 H 12 O 6 H 2 O Microscopic scales O 2 CO 2 Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

33 Movement of matter during cellular respiration at an atomic-molecular scale Large scale Macroscopic scales Microscopic Click to see animation Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

34 Energy transformation of cellular respiration at atomic-molecular scale Large scale Macroscopic Heat scales Microscopic Chemical energy Work (For animal to live) Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

35 Cellular respiration at an atomic-molecular scale Large scale Macroscopic Chemical energy C 6 H 12 O 6 Heat Work (For animal to live) Microscopic H 2 O scales O 2 CO 2 Atomic molecular Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

36 The end

37 (optional) Metabolism of fat at an atomic-molecular scale Large scale Macroscopic Chemical energy Heat Work (For animal to live) Microscopic scales Fatty acid H 2 O Atomic molecular O2 CO 2 Analyzing Matter Material identity Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Blank Process Digestion Biosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat