A VISION OF ELECTRIC MOBILITY

Transcription

1 Julien ROUSSEL Toyota Motor Europe A VISION OF ELECTRIC MOBILITY Electric Mobility Conference 2011 Slovenia, October 2011

2 3 tough challenges ahead for transportation Economic concerns Energy security Reduce Financial burden Ensuring job security Environmental concerns No NOx, HC, CO, PM Achieve CO 2 reduction Decreasing oil production: Peak oil Source: oilposter.org Import amount of money [trillion yen] Import amount Increased cash flow into foreign countries 10 trillion yen/year Import amount of money Japan s crude oil imports Source: IEA Import amount [hundred million kl] Taxi 2% Buses 2% Ships Commercial trucks 17% 87% of CO 2 emissions of transport sector is from vehicles Aircraft Railroad Total 260 mil. ton (2005) Private trucks 18% Private passenger vehicles 49% CO 2 emissions of each transport sector Source: MLIT website Air pollution in London Source: The independent,27 th July 2011 Energy security CO2 reduction -80 % in 2050 Deterioration of urban environment Rapidly reduce the dependence on oil Zero emissions Automotive industry is urged to respond to these issues to offer sustainable mobility for the 21st century. Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 2

3 Our integrated approach to sustainable mobility Today s focus: Electric vehicles The product product (Low/Zero emission car) is the most visible step but Toyota is active along the entire life-cycle Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 3

4 On the way to the Ultimate Eco-Car Energy diversity Ultimate Eco-Car CO 2 reduction Hybrid technology Air quality Gasoline, diesel Gaseous fuels Biofuels Synthetic fuels Electricity Hydrogen The right car, the right place, the right time Hybrid System is the core technology for sustainable mobility Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 4

5 Growth of Toyota Hybrid Sales Volume CT200h 3.3 Total HV Sales Volume (Million) 1 st 3,000,000 HV on the market PRIUS THS 2 nd THS-Ⅱ PRIUS rd PRIUS 2.0 RX450h Worldwide Japan Year Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 5

6 Hybrid Technology is a platform for clean powertrains Motor Engine Fuel tank HV Battery Energy saving (Fuel economy improvement) PHV Motor Engine EV (Battery EV) Motor FCHV (Hydrogen FCEV) Motor FC stack Fuel tank H 2 tank Large Battery Large Battery Battery Zero CO2 emissions during inner city driving Zero CO2 emissions during driving Issues Cost Battery durability Cruising range Charging time Infrastructure Cost Battery durability Infrastructure Cost Stack durability Hybrid System is the core technology for sustainable mobility Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 6

7 Vision of Future Vehicle Market Vehicle size Small delivery vehicles Battery EV HVs & PHEVs with internal combustion engine Short-distance commuters EV HV Passenger cars PHEV FCHVS Route buses FCHV (BUS) FCHV Heavy-duty trucks Delivery trucks Winglet iseries Motorcycles HV Driving distance Energy carriers Electricity Gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, compressed natural gas, gas to liquids, coal to liquids, etc. Hydrogen A portfolio of technologies to take on the challenge of eco-mobility Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 7

8 The physics ruling the energy storage and range Volumetric Energy Density(Gasoline=10) better worse NiMH Battery Li ion Gaseous Fuel H 2 (35MPa) CNG (20Mpa) Ethanol Gasoline Liquid Fuel Diesel Toyota s Estimation High efficiency of xev reduces the fuel fuel consumption but energy density of the fuel fuel rules the cruising range Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 8

9 Comparison of System Cost between EV and FCV TOYOTA estimation: 150 km,, Joint study on a Portfolio of Powertrains for EU, 2010: 140 km EV System cost EV advantage FCV FCV advantage approx. 150 km Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 9 Practical cruising range Optimal cost depends on the driving range requirement

10 1. Battery EV: short term perspectives Launch of short-range commuter EV planned for 2012 Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 10

11 2. Fuel Cell HV (or FCEV): current performance Overall length/ 4,735/ 1,815/ 1,685 Type Pure hydrogen width/ height (mm) Max. speed (km/h) 155 Storage systemhigh-press. H 2 tank Vehicle Cruising range 830 (km) *1 Fuel economy (km/kg H 2 ) Seating capacity 139 *1 (38km/L gasoline equiv.) 126* 2 (34.5km/L gasoline equiv.) Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 15 5 *1 in Japanese test cycle, Toyota in-house test *2 in Japanese JC08 test cycle, Toyota in-house test Fuel Price Max. storage pressure (MPa) Tank capacity (kg H 2 ) Lease (35 C) JPY 840k/month

12 2. Fuel Cell HV: how it works Power control unit Hybrid Technology Motor Battery TOYOTA FC Stack Fuel Cell System Technology High pressure hydrogen tank TOYOTA FCHV hosts fuel cell system technology and hybrid Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 16

13 2. Fuel Cell HV: how it works In a nutshell In details agc agdl acl Mem ccl cgdl cgc H 2 O H 2 e - Air H + e - O 2 Coolant Q Ref: JASME : Performance improvement of FC for vehicles Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 17

14 2. FCHV: remaining challenges Issues to be solved Balance in Cost / Compactness & high performance / Stack Durability Established technology Cruising range Cold start / Driving performance Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 18

15 2. FCHV: strategies for further cost reduction I. Elimination/Reduction of components - Elimination of humidification module - Reduction in the number of tanks II. Use of mass- produced components - Utilization of low price massproduced components for hybrid vehicles, etc. V. Improvement of production methods 1/20 of FC system cost reduction Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 20 III. Simplification of component structure - Review of structure of FC stack, high-pressure hydrogen tank, etc. IV. Reduction of material cost -Increase in the FC Stack output density => Downsizing and enhancing performance - Reduction in the Pt catalyst usage (FC Stack) - Reduction in the carbon fiber usage for high-pressure tanks and its cost - High speed electrolyte membrane handling (MEA) - Automated cell stacking - High speed tank winding

16 3. PHV (Plug-in hybrid): a reality since 2009 Fuel consumption: 2.6 l/100km, EV range: up to 20 km Charging time: 90 minutes (230V, 16A) Toyota s s PHV already available for lease since 2009 This rechargeable rechargeable Prius with 20km EV range will sell in 2012 Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 21

17 3. PHV (Plug-in hybrid): principle Gasoline station Engine Fuel tank Motor Battery Household electrical energy or public charging post Extended EV-range, with the option of long trips in HV mode Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 22

18 3. PHV (Plug-in hybrid): field-experience experience NO: 3 SW: 2 FIN: 3 DK: 2 IRE: 3 UK: 20 NL: 10 DE: 30 PL: 1 FRA: 100 BEL: 5 CH: 3 CZ: 1 AUS: 1 SLOV: 1 ITA: 5 PORT: 5 ESP: Prius PHV s in 18 countries in operation Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 23

19 3. PHV (Plug-in hybrid): field-experience experience EV range of 20 km is enough for 2/3 of daily trips Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 24

20 3. PHV (Plug-in hybrid): field-experience experience [%] Fuel consumption is 36% better than best in class diesel and meets expectations on fuel consumption => the more frequent the charging, the lower the fuel consumption Best in class gasoline Best in class diesel Reduction in consumption -49% -36% Distance between 2 recharges PHV offers on average 36% FC reduction vs. best in class diesel Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 25 [km]

21 Conclusion A complex problem: Energy security / Global Warming / Local pollution No one-fits-all answer Toyota will offer a portfolio of mobility solutions Electro-mobility is promising Electricity and H2 are attractive energy carriers for transport: No tail-pipe emissions, high efficiency, flexibility The Future starts now: Toyota s hybrid technology serves as a platform for advanced power-trains and is a great step towards electro-mobility 0 Emissions and waste is the target for all the life-cycle : R&D>Production>Logistics>Sales>Operation>End-of-life Julien ROUSSEL / Toyota Motor Europe 26