2. Overview To compete with other powers, America gains colonies overseas, although some Americans object.

Transcription

1 America Claims an Empire Chapter Overview To compete with other powers, America gains colonies overseas, although some Americans object. 3. Imperialism and America Economic and cultural factors convince U.S. policymakers to join the competition for new markets in territories, including Hawaii Policy where stronger nations extend, or control over territories American Imperialism Americans no longer had Manifest Destiny, still wanted the idea, so had to of U.S. Causes competition competition Belief in of Anglo-Saxon people, spread Christianity & civilization 5. New Markets needed Americans produce than can be Look to solution to = : exporting than imported U.S. becomes economic power 6. Military Strength Alfred T. Four Points Develop a modern Establish in Caribbean Construct Acquire & other Pacific Islands 7. Hawaii Plantation owners laborers into Hawaii from Japan, Portugal & China Foreigners & immigrant labor outnumber natives 3/1 (1890) eliminated duty-free status of = competition in American market Queen Liliuokalani overthrown (1893) Sanford B., American establishes provisional as president Congress votes = Hawaii, American territory (1898) 8. America as a World Power Section 1 Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson continue to use American military power in territories around the world, including and Key ideas: European nations, Japan, and America join in imperialist competition American imperialists seek for U.S. goods The U.S. develops a modern fleet & plans to acquire naval bases abroad 9. Some Americans argue that their culture is superior and should be spread to other nations American gain control of Hawaii s and White business groups depose Queen The U.S. Hawaii The U.S. joined European and Asian countries in political and economic competition for colonies. A belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority provided additional incentive for imperialism. These factors led to annexation of Hawaii 1

2 10. The 10.2 The United States goes to war with Spain over Cuban and emerges with colonies in Guam,, and Islands. 11. Spanish American Cuban War 10.2 Cuba American capitalists invest in U.S. = Cuba s main market Tariff a 1884 = sugar production Cuban economic crisis 1894 U.S. ruins Cuban economy sugar History of rebellion v. Spanish rule 12. Cuba 1. Cuban economic crisis 1894 History of rebellion v. Spanish rule U.S. tariff 1894 ruins Cuban economy sugar 13. War with Spain 1. starts (1895) Leads movement Guerrilla warfare Attacks and deliberately destroys American-owned sugar mills & plantations Poet and American public opinion split 2. sent to Cuba to establish order Forced Cubans to relocate to co camps Used by, thousands died Rural population moved into thousands die in 2 years 14. H & P Compete for in sales of newspapers in articles to lure readers Focus on sympathy & sensationalism Intensifies U.S. interest Gain vast De Spanish minister to U.S. McKinley Letter criticizes as and seeking public admiration A American public 15. U. 260/350 die Causes unknown Americans outraged Yellow Journalism blames Spain! U.S. declares on Spain April 20, 1898 Congress votes to declare war that Spain to all concessions 16. The War with Spain 1 st battleground Spanish People wanted Filipinos had history of rebellion against Spain 2

3 T Roosevelt ordered to Manila Bay and Pacific Fleet Spanish fleet Steamed into Manila Bay & destroyed the Spanish Fleet U.S. troops land & assist Filipino rebels led by, revolutionary Spanish surrender 17. Cuba U.S. naval Spanish fleet stuck in port at Santiago de Cuba Small U.S. professional army & larger # of volunteers Inadequate training, leaders, & gear Not enough guns Woolen uniforms Civil War vets sat around & recalled C W tales U.S. military captures Santiago, volunteers charge Roosevelt declared. Played minor role in the capture Many regiments who contributed as much or more to the United States victory Fought on foot because horses didn t reach Cuba in time Spanish navy tries to escape & is destroyed T. R. = Hero 18. Rough Riders Diverse group that included western cowboys, clerks, NY policemen, musicians, polo players, college men, blacks and Native Americans of the war to form the regiment and take part in the fighting. T.R. charge itself was great fun and we had a bully fight. Nominated for a Medal of Honor Helped his political career Won the governorship of New York Elected vice president in (1898) 1. Cuban granted after Spanish-American-Cuban War 2. Puerto Rico & Guam given to U.S. 3. U.S. purchases the & annexes the Philippines 20. Acquiring New Lands The United States encounters continuing conflict in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Philippines, as well as in its attempt to expand trade with China. 21. America s New Empire After Treaty of Paris, U.S. had to decide status of newly-acquired lands? 22. Section 2 Involvement in Spanish-American-Cuban War marked the beginning of America s role as a. Investments in give Americans an interest in Some Americans support Spanish control of Cuba, while others sympathize with Cuban rebels. Spanish leaders employ harsh tactics in an attempt to crush the Cuban revolt Yellow journalism arouses American sympathy for Cuban rebels 23. The U.S. defeats Spanish forces in Philippines and in Cuba As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Cuba becomes independent and the U.S. annexes the Philippines Alfred T. Mahan argued for a strong navy = important to victory in Caribbean The Spanish American Cuban War demonstrated the superiority of U.S. naval forces and added Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to America s empire 24. Puerto Rico 10.3 Americans invade after Spanish surrender in Cuba 3

4 U.S. first welcome Continue occupation Afraid of Disillusioned with military gov & attitude of superiority Important to U.S U.S. presence in Caribbean Protect future canal 25. for U.S Caribbean Near location of future Panama Canal (1900) Citizenship President Governor & Upper House People lower house (1901) Constitution automatically apply to 1917 Citizenship granted & Constitutional protection 26. Cuba U.S. ( country whose affairs are partially controlled by power) Independence granted Reality American occupation with Spanish officials Protests not permitted American military: Provided & c Helped Organized elementary schools Eliminated yellow fever (disease that killed hundreds each year) 27. U.S. Protectorate ( ) U.S. requires new to include the No treaties affecting foreign influence/control No Cuban debt U.S. intervene in affairs to maintain independence U.S. can for navy & coal ( Guantanamo Bay) Cubans reluctantly ratify WHY? American interests 28. The Philippines Annexation brings Emilio Declares & drafts Guerilla tactics American military response required to live in Poor sanitation, starvation & disease = killed thousands Like in Cuba with Spanish concentration camps 3 year war Aguinaldo captured Costly lives & $$$ Government Structure = Governor Built schools, hospitals & improved sanitation American college graduates to teach & train 4

5 July 4, Philippine I Naval bases 29. China Potential for American p Invest in railroad construction John author of in effect until after WW II U.S. leaders fear loss of access to Policy statements to China s coastal ports of special privileges for any trading nation Maintenance of China s Further U.S. 30. Chinese Society = Boxers Kick out foreign devils Missionaries & foreigners killed Settlement: U.S. paid $24.5 million Paid $4 to citizens suffering losses Gave back $20 million for education WHY? Foster Introduce students to Western culture Exercise control over use of money 31. Open Door notes #2 Purpose foreign markets Establish in each market American policy: Growth of U.S. e U.S. right to to keep markets Closing of an area to Am products, citizens & ideas threatened U.S. 32. Section 3 Puerto Ricans resent U.S. control of their government Congress passes the, which U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans and gives the president over Puerto Rico s government The ensures Cuban i, but the U.S. Army steps in. Result of, U.S. maintains over Cuba 33. The Filipinos against U.S. rule, attempting war, and U.S. forces brutally the rebellion Under U.S. rule, the Philippines gradually achieve independence powers and J establish spheres of Influence in John proposes that European nations their rights in China with the U.S. The U.S. and other imperialist powers put down a r against foreign influences in China 34. Imperialism forces Americans to their knowledge of the world "a policy of extending a and influence through, use of, or other means". Some Americans continue to oppose imperialism for economic and moral reasons U.S. involvement in Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines, and China spread around the world. Many in U.S. endorsed American imperialism, many didn t. 5

6 35. America As a World Power Roosevelt Negotiates Peace in War War between Japan and Russia over Japanese destroy Russian fleet mediates the /Nobel Peace Prize (1906) Significance? = High Profile for U.S. on World Stage American tours the world = Japanese so impressed build bigger navy of their 37. II. Roosevelt & the Panama Canal Admiral 4 th goal: build thru Central America Short cut between (1901) of U.S. to build & control canal Engineer & investor Bunau-Varilla, New Company He incites/ against U.S. negotiates guaranteeing Panama s U.S. perpetual control of Canal Zone Impact on U.S. Latin American Relations 38. III. Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far... Big Stick Diplomacy TR s compared his policy to Argument: Europe intervene in West Hemisphere U.S. will Latin America to protect U.S. interests Nicaragua = bankers loan money to pay its debts Right to recover money collecting customs duties Taft Policy by critics U.S. gov for loans made to countries by American b people Justify keeping European powers out of the Caribbean Goal of Latin America 39. Wilson s Defined: U.S. has moral duty/responsibility to recognition to any Latin American government the U.S. views as,, or h to U.S. interests Effect: Pressure on to establish democratic governments Examples: 1. Mexican Revolution 2. Pershing Pursues Villa Mexican Reaction: Constitutional Amendments put strict controls on foreign investment 40. I. Roosevelt Negotiates peace in Russo-Japanese War Russia & Japan fight over control of Korea Japan ( power) destroys European fleet of Russia ( power) T.R. negotiates Wins Peace Prize (1906) Importance: T.R. becomes figure. America is in world affairs. Japan so impressed with Great White Fleet begins to build its own II. Roosevelt & Panama Canal Panama Canal = 4th Goal of Admiral Mahan between Pacific & Atlantic Oceans Treaty (1901) U.S. has to build & control canal Location Nicaragua v. Panama Panamanian Revolution v Columbia - W U.S. military ships Panama independent U.S. 10 Mile wide canal zone 6

7 U.S.- Latin American relations 42. The Panama Canal $380 million Disease Soft volcanic soil avalanches/danger Mountains & swamps 5,600 workers died! Finished 8/15/14 Impact on U.S., - Latin American Relations U.S. pays 43. III. Roosevelt Corollary Addition to the Caused by fear of Latin American debt to European nations Diplomacy U.S. = police of Latin America to protect U.S. economic interests Taft Policy Dollar Diplomacy by critics U.S. gov guarantees loans made to foreign countries by American business people Goals of both Big Stick and Dollar diplomacy Ensure U.S. in Latin America 44. IV. Wilson s Gives the Monroe Doctrine a moral tone Missionary Diplomacy the U.S. has a moral responsibility to to any Latin American gov if viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests Pressure on Latin American countries to establish Democratic Governments 45. Examples of U.S. Imperialism in Mexico Wilson does not recognize as leader butchers Came to war with Mexico U.S. invade Mexico to arrested sailors Wilson recognizes Carranza gov 46. Examples of U.S. Imperialism in Mexico 2. pursues Villa led revolts against Carranza Villa attacks in Mexico & New Mexico Pershing & 15k troops sent to Mexico to catch Villa Clash with Mexican Army Wilson withdraws troops due to needs of Mexican Constitution strict controls on foreign investment 47. Pursuit & Achievement of Foreign Policy goals 1. Expanded access to = continued growth of American economy 2. Built 3. Exercised police power American in Latin America 48. Section 4 was one of the most colorful figures in U.S. history Helped negotiate an to the Russo-Japanese War During his administration, the U.S. begins constructing the The strengthens in Latin America 49. Think Abouts Although isolationism is a recurrent theme in U.S. history, so too is intervention into the affairs of other nations 7

8 The overriding reasons for U.S. intervention abroad are to protect its economic interests, oppose aggression, and provide humanitarian relief. The U.S. intervened in Cuba to halt Spain s aggression and expand its empire, while its main interest in sending troops to Nicaragua was economic America acted in the Persian Gulf to protect its economic interests and stop aggression, while U.S. troops entered Somalia to provide humanitarian relief 50. In 1909 progressives in Congress attached a provision for an to a tariff bill. Conservatives, proposed a constitutional amendment enacting such a tax Believed an amendment would never receive ratification by three-fourths of the states Amendment ratified by one state legislature after another 1913, due to generous exemptions and deductions, of the population paid income taxes at the rate of only of net income. 51. t of senators 52. t Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment. The 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. Woodrow Wilson President 53. I bill originated by people, not lawmakers vote on the bill remove public, elected officials thru another election before end of term voters chose candidates for public office thru popular election 54. The Upton Sinclair Exposed u conditions in the industry 55. Party The Party of 1912 was an American political party. It was formed by former President Theodore Roosevelt, after a split in the Party between him and President William Howard Taft. The party also became known as the Bull Moose Party after journalists quoted Roosevelt saying "I feel like a bull moose" shortly after the new party was formed. 56. t introduced into factories Workers could perform tasks q 57. M Journalists wrote about of business, government, and public life in magazines Ida M. Tarbell - Muckraker Wrote about Standard Oil Rockefeller 58. Laws S races in public & private facilities 59. National Reclamation Act = N Act (1902) Federal law that funded for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West 8