Physics term 1 reviewsheet

Transcription

1 Name: ate: 1. The length of line shown is closest to one. millimeter. centimeter. meter. kilometer 5. The diagram shown represents a rectangle composed of squares with sides one meter long. What is the area of the rectangle?. 18 m 2. 9 m 2. 3 m 2 6 m. 6 m 2 2. The mass of 100 paper clips is measured at 52.3 grams. The mass of a single paper clip from this group would be closest to. 523 g g g g 6. The thickness of a dollar bill is closest to m m m m 3. The area of this page of the test booklet is closest to cm cm cm cm 2 7. The length of a high school physics classroom is probably closest to m m m m 4. When 100 identical steel balls are placed on a triple beam balance, their mass is determined to be 1,450 grams. The mass of a single steel ball would be closest to grams grams. 145 grams. 1,450 grams 8. What is the approximate diameter of a dinner plate? m m m. 2.5 m page 1

2 9. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. student standing on a knoll throws a snowball horizontally 4.5 meters above the level ground toward a smokestack 15 meters away. The snowball hits the smokestack 0.65 second after being released. [Neglect air resistance] 10. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information in the data table below. The data were obtained by varying the force applied to a spring and measuring the corresponding elongation of the spring. pplied Force (N) Elongation of Spring (m) pproximately how far above the level ground does the snowball hit the smokestack?. 0.0 m. 0.4 m. 2.4 m. 4.5 m Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labled Elongation (m). 11. Plot the data points for force versus elongation. 12. raw the best fit line. page 2

3 13. Which vector below represents the resultant of the two displacement vectors shown? 17. Which vector best represents the resultant of forces F 1 and F 2 acting concurrently on point P, as shown in the diagram? Which is a vector quantity?. distance. time. mass. velocity 18. Which vector best represents the resultant forces F 1 and F 2 acting concurrently on point P as shown in the diagram? 15. vector is a quantity that has... magnitude, only... direction, only. either magnitude or direction. both magnitude and direction 16. What is the magnitude of the resultant of a 3.0-meter displacement and a 4.0-meter displacement as shown in the diagram?. 1.0 meter. 5.0 meters 19. Two forces ( O and O) act simultaneously at point O as shown on the diagram. The magnitude of the resultant force is closest to. 8.0 N. 11 N. 15 N. 16 N. 7.0 meters. 12 meters page 3

4 20. Which diagram represents the vector with the largest downward component? [ssume each vector has the same magnitude.] 22. student walks 3 blocks south, 4 blocks west, and 3 blocks north. What is the displacement of the student? blocks east. 10 blocks west. 4 blocks east. 4 blocks west Which vector shown represents the resultant of the concurrent vectors and in the diagram given?. 23. Two perpendicular forces act on an object as shown in the diagram. What is the magnitude of the resultant force on the object?. 17 N. 13 N. 7.0 N. 5.0 N... page 4

5 newton force and a 4.0-newton force act concurrently on a point. In which diagram shown would the orientation of these forces produce the greatest net force on the point? newton force acts on point P, as shown in the diagram.. The magnitude of the vertical component of this force is approximately.. 30 N. 50 N. 71 N. 87 N. 27. ase your answer to the following question on the information and vector diagram shown. The diagram is provided for practice purposes only.. 20-newton force due north and a 40-newton force due east act concurrently on a 10-kilogram object, located at point P. Using a ruler, determine the scale used in the vector diagram by finding the number of newtons represented by each centimeter. 25. Which combination of concurrent forces could not produce equilibrium?. 10 N, 20 N, and 50 N. 20 N, 30 N, and 50 N 28. What is the magnitude of the resultant force?. 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N. 40 N, 40 N, and 50 N 29. What is the measure of the angle (in degrees) between east and the resultant force? page 5

6 30. Forces F 1 and F 2 act concurrently on point P, as shown in the diagram. 32. The accompanying vector represents the resultant of two forces acting concurrently on an object at point P. The equilibrant of F 1 and F 2 is. 14 N southwest. 14 N southeast. 20 N southwest. 20 N southeast Which pair of vectors best represents two concurrent forces that combine to produce this resultant force vector? The accompanying diagram shows a projectile moving with speed v at the top of its trajectory.. Which vector best represents the acceleration of the projectile in the position shown?.... page 6

7 33. Two students push on a sled. One pushes with a force of 30. newtons east and the other exerts a force of 40. newtons south, as shown in the topview accompanying diagram. 35. In the accompanying diagram, a box is at rest on an inclined plane. Which vector best represents the resultant of these two forces?.. Which vector best represents the direction of the normal force acting on the box? Which vector diagram represents the greatest magnitude of displacement for an object? The accompanying diagram represents a block sliding down an incline... Which vector best represents the frictional force acting on the block?.... page 7

8 37. The diagram below shows a sled and rider sliding down a snow-covered hill that makes an angle of 30. with the horizontal. 38. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. In an experiment, a rubber stopper is attached to one end of a string that is passed through a plastic tube before weights are attached to the other end. The stopper is whirled in a horizontal circular path at constant speed. Which vector best represents the direction of the normal force, F N, exerted by the hill on the sled?.. The rubber stopper is now whirled in a vertical circle at the same speed. On the diagram below, draw and label vectors to indicate the direction of the weight (F g ) and the direction of the centripetal force (F c ) at the position shown... page 8

9 39. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. 41. The diagram below represents a force vector,, and a resultant vector, R. 10.-kilogram box, sliding to the right across a rough horizontal floor, accelerates at -2.0 meters per second2 due to the force of friction. Which force vector below could be added to force vector to produce resultant vector R?.... On the diagram above, draw a vector representing the net force acting on the box. egin the vector at point P and use a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 5.0 newtons. 42. volleyball hit into the air has an initial speed of 10. meters per second. Which vector best represents the angle above the horizontal that the ball should be hit to remain in the air for the greatest amount of time? ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below. projectile is fired from the ground with an initial velocity of 250. meters per second at an angle of 60. above the horizontal. On the diagram below, use a protractor and ruler to draw a vector to represent the initial velocity of the projectile. egin the vector at point P, and use a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 50. meters per second... page 9

10 43. The diagram below shows a 4.0-kilogram object accelerating at 10. meters per second 2 on a rough horizontal surface. 45. The diagram below represents two concurrent forces. Which vector represents the force that will produce equilibrium with these two forces? What is the magnitude of the frictional force F f acting on the object? N. 10. N. 20. N. 40. N In the diagram below, scaled vectors represent the momentum of each of two masses, and, sliding toward each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Which scaled vector best represents the momentum of the system after the masses collide?.... page 10

11 46. The vector diagram below represents the horizontal component, F H, and the vertical component, F V, of a 24-newton force acting at 35 above the horizontal. 47. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below. river has a current flowing with a velocity of 2.0 meters per second due east. boat is 75 meters from the north riverbank. It travels at 3.0 meters per second relative to the river and is headed due north. In the diagram below, the vector starting at point P represents the velocity of the boat relative to the river water. What are the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical components?. F H = 3.5 N and F V = 4.9 N. F H = 4.9 N and F V = 3.5 N. F H = 14 N and F V = 20. N. F H = 20. N and F V = 14 N alculate the time required for the boat to cross the river. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] page 11

12 48. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below. girl rides her bicycle 1.40 kilometers west, 0.70 kilometer south, and 0.30 kilometer east in 12 minutes. The vector diagram below represents the girl s first two displacements in sequence from point P. The scale used in the diagram is 1.0 centimeter = 0.20 kilometer. 49. steel ball is dropped from a height of 100 meters. Which velocity-time graph best describes the motion of the ball?.. On the vector diagram below, using a ruler and a protractor, construct the following vectors: Starting at the arrowhead of the second displacement vector, draw a vector to represent the 0.30 kilometer east displacement. Label the vector with its magnitude... raw the vector representing the resultant displacement of the girl for the entire bicycle trip and label the vector R. 50. The graph shown represents the motion of a cart. ccording to the graph, as time increases, the speed of the cart. decreases. increases. remains the same 51. Which of the following is a vector quantity?. distance. mass. speed. velocity page 12

13 52. The graph shown represents the relationship between velocity and time for a 2.0-kilogram cart that is initially at rest and starts moving northward. 55. Which pair of graphs represent the same motion?.. In which direction is the cart that is shown traveling at t = 4 seconds?. north. east. south. west blinking light of constant period is situated on a lab cart. Which diagram best represents a photograph of the light as the cart moves with constant velocity? The graph shown represents the relationship between distance and time for an object in motion. uring which interval is the speed of the object changing? 56. jogger accelerates at a constant rate as she travels 5.0 meters along a straight track from point to point, as shown in the diagram. If her speed was 2.0 meters per second at point and will be 3.0 meters per second at point, how long will it take her to go from to?.... E. 1.0 s. 2.0 s. 3.3 s. 4.2 s page 13

14 kilogram block is placed on each of four frictionless planes inclined at different angles. On which inclined plane will the accleration of the block be greatest? 59. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graph, which represents the relationship between the displacement of an object and its time of travel along a straight line.... What is the average speed of the object during the first 4.0 seconds?.. 0 m/s. 2 m/s. 8 m/s. 4 m/s 60. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. 58. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below which shows a 2.0-kilogram cart traveling at a constant speed in a horizontal circle of radius 3.0 meters. The magnitude of the centripetal force of the cart is 24 newtons. n athlete in a hammer-throw event swings a 7.0-kilogram hammer in a horizontal circle at a constant speed of 12 meters per second. The radius of the hammer s path is 2.0 meters. What is the speed of the cart? What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the hammer?. 6.0 m/s. 16 m/s. 36 m/s. 4.0 m/s. 6.0 m/s m/s m/s m/s 2 page 14

15 61. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and data table below. car is traveling due north at 24.0 meters per second when the driver sees an obstruction on the highway. The data table shows the velocity of the car at 1.0-second intervals as it is brought to rest on the straight, level highway. Time (s) Velocity (m/s) Using the information in the data table, construct a graph on the grid, following the directions below. 62. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram and information below. machine launches a tennis ball at an angle of 45 with the horizontal, as shown. The ball has an initial vertical velocity of 9.0 meters per second and an initial horizontal velocity of 9.0 meters per second. The ball reaches its maximum height 0.92 second after its launch. [Neglect air resistance and assume the ball lands at the same height above the ground from which it was launched.] The speed of the tennis ball as it leaves the launcher is approximately. 4.5 m/s. 8.3 m/s. 13 m/s. 18 m/s 63. n airplane originally at rest on a runway accelerates uniformly at 6.0 meters per second 2 for 12 seconds. uring this 12-second interval, the airplane travels a distance of approximately. 72 m. 220 m. 430 m. 860 m Using your graph, determine the acceleration of the car. [Show all calculations, including the equation and substitution with units.] 64. skier starting from rest skis straight down a slope 50. meters long in 5.0 seconds. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the skier?. 20. m/s m/s m/s m/s 2 page 15

16 65. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. The diagram shows a compressed spring between two carts initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface. art has a mass of 2 kilograms and cart has a mass of 1 kilogram. string holds the carts together. 66. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below kilogram cart travels in a horizontal circle of radius 2.40 meters at a constant speed of 4.00 meters per second. What occurs when the string is cut and the carts move apart?. The magnitude of the acceleration of cart is one-half the magnitude of the acceleration of cart.. The length of time that the force acts on cart is twice the length of time the force acts on cart.. The magnitude of the force exerted on cart is one-half the magnitude of the force exerted on cart.. The magnitude of the impulse applied to cart is twice the magnitude of the impulse applied to cart. On the diagram below, draw an arrow to represent the direction of the acceleration of the cart in the position shown. Label the arrow a. page 16

17 kilogram block and a 1.8-kilogram block are initially at rest on a frictionless, horizontal surface. When a compressed spring between the blocks is released, the 1.8-kilogram block moves to the right at 2.0 meters per second, as shown. 70. skater increases her speed uniformly from 2.0 meters per second to 7.0 meters per second over a distance of 12 meters. The magnitude of her acceleration as she travels this 12 meters is. 1.9 m/s m/s m/s m/s2 What is the speed of the 1.2-kilogram block after the spring is released?. 1.4 m/s. 2.0 m/s. 3.0 m/s. 3.6 m/s 68. The accompanying diagram shows a force of magnitude F applied to a mass at angle θ relative to a horizontal frictionless surface. 71. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. In the scaled diagram, two forces, F 1 and F 2, act on a 4.0-kilogram block at point P. Force F 1 has a magnitude of 12.0 newtons, and is directed toward the right. s angle θ is increased, the horizontal acceleration of the mass. decreases. increases. remains the same alculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the block. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units kilogram lab cart is accelerated uniformly from rest to a speed of 2.0 meters per second in 0.50 second. What is the magnitude of the force producing this acceleration? N. 1.5 N. 3.0 N. 6.0 N page 17

18 72. In the diagram below, S is a point on a car tire rotating at a constant rate. 74. Which graph best represents the relationship between the power required to raise an elevator and the speed at which the elevator rises?.. Which graph best represents the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of point S as a function of time? ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. spark timer is used to record the position of a lab cart accelerating uniformly from rest. Each 0.10 second, the timer marks a dot on a recording tape to indicate the position of the cart at that instant, as shown. 75. steel ball is dropped from a height of 100 meters. The velocity of the ball after one second is 10 meters per second. What is the velocity of the ball after 2 seconds?. 10 m/sec. 20 m/sec. 40 m/sec. 400 m/sec Using a metric ruler, measure the distance the cart traveled during the interval t = 0 second to t = 0.30 second. Record your answer to the nearest tenth of a centimeter. page 18

19 76. The graph shown represents the relationship between velocity and time for a 2.0-kilogram cart that is initially at rest and starts moving northward. 78. number of 1.0-newton horizontal forces are exerted on a block on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Which top-view diagram shows the forces producing the greatest magnitude of acceleration of the block?.. What is the acceleration of the cart shown at t = 8 seconds?. 0 m/s m/s m/s m/s n object near the surface of planet X falls freely from rest and reaches a speed of 12.0 meters per second after it has fallen 14.4 meters. What is the acceleration due to gravity on planet X? m/s m/s m/s m/s 2 page 19

20 kilogram boy and a 50.0-kilogram girl, each holding a spring scale, pull against each other as shown in the diagram below. The graph below shows the relationship between the magnitude of the force that the boy applies on his spring scale and time. Which graph best represents the relationship between the magnitude of the force that the girl applies on her spring scale and time?.... page 20

21 80. Which situation represents a person in equilibrium?. a child gaining speed while sliding down a slide. a woman accelerating upward in an elevator. a man standing still on a bathroom scale. a teenager driving around a corner in his car 83. The data table below lists the mass and speed of four different objects. ata Table Object Mass (kg) Speed (m/s) Which object has the greatest inertia? n 8.0-newton block is accelerating down a frictionless ramp inclined at 15 to the horizontal, as shown in the diagram below. What is the magnitude of the net force causing the block s acceleration?. 0 N. 2.1 N. 7.7 N. 8.0 N 84. child pulls a wagon at a constant velocity along a level sidewalk. The child does this by applying a 22-newton force to the wagon handle, which is inclined at 35 to the sidewalk as shown below. 82. Four forces act concurrently on a block on a horizontal surface as shown in the diagram below. What is the magnitude of the force of friction on the wagon? s a result of these forces, the block. 11 N. 13 N. 18 N. 22 N. moves at constant speed to the right. moves at constant speed to the left. accelerates to the right. accelerates to the left page 21

22 85. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. force of 60. newtons is applied to a rope to pull a sled across a horizontal surface at a constant velocity. The rope is at an angle of 30. degrees above the horizontal. 87. The diagram below shows a 5.0-kilogram bucket of water being swung in a horizontal circle of 0.70-meter radius at a constant speed of 2.0 meters per second. alculate the magnitude of the component of the 60.-newton force that is parallel to the horizontal surface. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] The magnitude of the centripetal force on the bucket of water is approximately. 5.7 N. 14 N. 29 N. 200 N 86. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. horizontal force of 8.0 newtons is used to pull a 20.-newton wooden box moving toward the right along a horizontal, wood surface, as shown. etermine the magnitude of the net force acting on the box. page 22

23 88. The diagram below represents a block at rest on an incline. 89. The strong force is the force of. repulsion between protons. attraction between protons and electrons. repulsion between nucleons Which diagram best represents the forces acting on the block? (italf f = frictional force, F N = normal force, and F w = weight.). attraction between nucleons ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below kilogram car traveling at a constant speed of 9.0 meters per second turns at an intersection. The car follows a horizontal circular path with a radius of 25 meters to point P... The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the car as it travels around the circular path is approximately N N N N page 23

24 91. The accompanying diagram shows a child pulling a 50.-kilogram friend on a sled by applying a 300.-newton force on the sled rope at an angle of 40. with the horizontal. 93. cart rolls down an inclined plane with constant speed as shown in the diagram. Which arrow represents the direction of the frictional force? The vertical component of the 300.-newton force is approximately N. 230 N. 190 N. 32 N 92. In a laboratory exercise, a student collected the following data as the unbalanced force applied to a body of mass M was changed. ata Table Force cceleration (newtons) (m/sec 2 ) In the diagram, box M is on a frictionless table with Forces F 1 and F 2 acting as shown. If the magnitude of F 1 is greater than the magnitude of F 2, then the box is Using the information and the data table construct a graph.. moving with a constant speed in the direction of F 1. moving with a constant speed in the direction of F 2. accelerating in the direction of F 1. accelerating in the direction of F 2 a) Label the axes of the graph with the appropriate values for force and acceleration. b) Plot an acceleration versus force graph for the laboratory data provided. c) Using the data or your graph, determine the mass, M, of the body. [Show all calculations.] page 24

25 95. In the diagram shown, surface of the wooden block has the same texture as surface, but twice the area of surface. If force F is required to slide the block at constant speed across the table on surface, approximately what force is required to slide the block at constant speed across the table on surface? 97. ball rolls down a curved ramp as shown in the diagram. Which dotted line best represents the path of the ball after leaving the ramp?..... F. 2F. 1 2 F. 4F 98. lawnmower is pushed with a constant force F, as shown in the diagram. s angle θ between the lawnmower handle and the horizontal increases, the horizontal component of F 96. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. projectile is launched horizontally at a speed of 30. meters per second from a platform located a vertical distance h above the ground. The projectile strikes the ground after time t at horizontal distance d from the base of the platform. [Neglect friction.]. decreases. increases. remains the same 99. The diagram here shows a ball thrown toward the east and upward at an angle of 30 to the horizontal. Point X represents the ball s highest point. alculate the horizontal distance, d, if the projectile s total time of flight is 2.5 seconds. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] What is the direction of the ball s velocity at point X? [Neglect friction.]. down. up. west. east page 25

26 100. ball rolls through a hollow semicircular tube lying flat on a horizontal tabletop. Which diagram best shows the path of the ball after emerging from the tube, as viewed from above? 101. In the accompanying diagram, a stationary observer on the ground watches a seagull flying horizontally to the right drops a clamshell..... Which diagram best represents the path of the falling clamshell as seen by the observer? [Neglect air resistance.].... page 26

27 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by Simone Shaker Terms of Use at 02/09/ N (or equivalent) N (or equivalent) /- 2 (or equivalent)

28 Teacher s Key Page v = d t ; t = 25 s length of 4.0 cm (±0.2 cm) length of 5.0 cm (±0.2 cm) and an arrow. angle above the horizontal of 60. (±2 ) m/s 2 62.

29 Teacher s Key Page m/s cm ±0.2 cm N or an answer that is consistent with the student s response. d = 75 m