Regeneration results and site preparation methods in southern Finland

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Gladys Ellis
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1 Regeneration results and site preparation methods in southern Finland Timo Saksa Finnish Forest Research Institute Suonenjoki Research Unit

2 Regeneration methods in Finland (2004) Lappi Pohjois-Pohjanmaa Kainuu * * * * * * Pohjois-Karjala Pohjois-Savo Keski-Suomi Etelä-Pohjanmaa Etelä-Savo Pirkanmaa Kaakkois-Suomi Häme-Uusimaa Lounais-Suomi Rannikko Ahvenanmaa luont. Natural regeneration (21 %) kylvö Seeding (22 %) ist Planting (57 %) Uudistamisala, ha Regeneration area, ha

3 Inventories in young stands * 2002 * 2003 * 2004 * 2005 * * Planting year Pine planted Spruce planted Silver birch planted Seeded Pine seeded Spruce seeded Silver birch seeded Site prepared Pine natural Spruce natural Birch natural Area,ha 61% % % years old planted, 4 years old seeded and 5 years old naturally regenerated areas

4 Main results Spruce planting Pine planting (main conifer stems, minimum distance: 1 m) Pine seeding Pine natural (minimum distance for pine seedlings: 30 cm)

5 Main results ; Spruce planting Spruce planting; 7280 ha Proportion of area, % > <1000 Good Tolerable Undesirable Unsuccesful Mean stand density, main conifer stems ha % of stands fulfil the target density / conifer stands 23 % of stands will have more broadleaves as conifers

6 Main results ; Pine planting Pine planting; 2972 ha Proportion of area, % > <1000 Good Tolerable Undesirable Unsuccesful Mean stand density, main conifer stems ha % of stands fulfil the target density 19 % of stands will have more broadleaves as conifers

7 Main results ; Pine seeding Pine seeding; 4395 ha Proportion of area, % > <1000 Good Tolerable Undesirable Unsuccesful Mean stand density, pine seedlings ha % of stands fulfil the target density 27 % of stands will be too sparse for good wood quality

8 Main results ; Pine natural Pine natural; 1378 ha Proportion of area, % > <1000 Good Tolerable Undesirable Unsuccesful Mean stand density, pine seedlings ha % of stands fulfil the target density 45 % of stands will be too sparse for good wood quality

9 Site preparation methods Site preparation methods used in practice with spruce and pine planting The number of planted seedlings 3 years after planting on differently site prepared areas

10 Site preparation methods, % of area SPRUCE PLANTING Dominant soil type Coarse Medium Fine Peat Area, ha Grove-like site (OMT) (41) Disc trenching (31) (24) Moist site (MT) (37) Disc trenching (29) (31) scalping 39 %, disc trenching 43 % and mounding 18%

11 Site preparation; Number of planted seedlings SPRUCE PLANTING Dominant soil type Area, Coarse Medium Fine Peat ha Grove-like site (OMT) Disc trenching Moist site (MT) Disc trenching generally more planted seedlings on mounded sites

12 Site preparation methods, % of area PINE PLANTING Dominant soil type Coarse Medium Fine Peat Area, ha Moist site (MT) (18) Disc trenching (48) (34) Dryish site (VT) Disc trenching scalping 17 %, disc trenching 62 % and mounding 21%

13 Site preparation; Number of planted seedlings PINE PLANTING Dominant soil type Area, Coarse Medium Fine Peat ha Moist site (MT) Disc trenching Dryish site (VT) Disc trenching generally more planted seedlings on mounded sites

14 Natural regeneration in planted regeneration areas How numerous natural conifer regeneration we have on these planted areas? To what extent these naturally regenerated conifers can be used as a supplementary stems in planted stands?

15 Natural regeneration in planted regeneration areas 2000 Seedlings, ha Pine Spruce 0 Disc trenching Disc trenching Disc trenching Grove-like site Moist site (MT) Dryish site (VT) generally conifers /ha on grove-like and moist sites; about 2000 conifers /ha on dryish sites

16 Natural regeneration in planted regeneration areas 50 Proportin of area, % Grove-like site (OMT) Moist site (MT) Dryish site (VT) >3000 Naturally regenerated conifers, ha % of area is lacking natural conifers completely; % of area have a rich natural conifer regeneration

17 Natural regeneration in planted regeneration areas Natural supplementary conifers, ha Pine Spruce Disc trenching Disc trenching Disc trenching Grove-like site (OMT) Moist site (MT) Dryish site (VT) generally conifers /ha on rich and medium sites; conifers /ha on dryish sites

18 Natural regeneration in planted regeneration areas Grove-like site (OMT) Proportion of area, % Disc trenching Number of supplementary natural conifer seedlings, ha -1 on grove-like site about 70 % of area has no supplementary natural conifer seedlings

19 Natural regeneration in planted regeneration areas Moist site (MT) Proportion of area, % Disc trenching Number of supplementary natural conifer seedlings, ha -1 on moist site about 60 % of area has no supplementary natural conifer seedlings

20 Natural regeneration in planted regeneration areas Dryish site (VT) Proportion of area, % Disc trenching Number of supplementary natural conifer seedlings, ha -1 on dryish site more than 50 % of the area has no supplementary natural conifer seedlings

21 Conclusions Site preparation method has an effect on the survival of planted spruce and pine seedlings on grove-like and moist sites mounding gave best results Site preparation method has an inpact on the natural regeneration natural regeneration was best on scalped areas

22 Conclusions Natural regeneration of conifers varies a lot according to site type variation inside regeneration area is large The role of naturally regenerated conifers is limited in planted stands the number of natural supplementary conifer seedlings was in general about stems ha -1

Kainuu in statistics 2013. Photo: Samu Puuronen

Kainuu in statistics 2013. Photo: Samu Puuronen Kainuu in statistics 2013 Photo: Samu Puuronen KAINUU IN RELATION TO THE WHOLE OF FINLAND Kainuu in proportion to the whole of Finland Population of the municipalities of Kainuu 2012 Forest area Total