HUNTING AND FORESTRY DETERMINANTS OF MOOSE POPULATION DYNAMICS
|
|
|
- Dwight Nichols
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 HUNTING AND FORESTRY DETERMINANTS OF MOOSE POPULATION DYNAMICS Fig. Kaarlo Nygrén Tuire Nygrén Game and Fisheries Research Institute Indian Forest Service mid-career training - Group II Joensuu
2 Development of the Finnish moose population in time and space Biology and policies of the moose management Finland
3 Time BEFORE and AFTER
4 Before the 1970 s Since the prehistoric times moose have been hunted in Finland, but the population numbers most probably have always been small. As a catch moose was highly valued. Hunting was difficult before the time of firearms but the moose meat made the hunting important for the survival of families and whole villages. The productivity of moose populations were lower than nowadays. The quality and amount of moose feed was up to the 1950 s much lower than nowadays
5 Nygrén, T. 1987
6 Nygrén, T. 1987
7 Why the increase? 1) The area of young forests increased quickly after the war the amount and quality of moose feed was better than ever.
8 Why the increase? 1) The area of young forests increased quickly after the war the amount and quality of moose feed was better than ever. 2) Big predators (bear and wolf) were absent. Up to the 20th century only near the Russian border small populations existed.
9 Why the increase? 1) The area of young forests increased quickly after the war the amount and quality of moose feed was better than ever. 2) Big predators (bear and wolf) were absent up to the 20th century only near the Russian border small populations existed. 3) Poaching, sicknesses and other causes of death had a minor role (2-3 % of all deaths) in the population development.
10 Why the increase? 1) The area of young forests increased quickly after the war the amount and quality of moose feed was better than ever. 2) Big predators (bear and wolf) were absent up to the 20th century only near the Russian border small populations existed. 3) Poaching had a minor role in the population development. 4) The amount of 0,5 year old calves in the bag increased and as a result increased also the average age and the productivity of the population.
11 Why the increase? 1) The area of young forests increased quickly after the war the amount and quality of moose feed was better than ever. 2) Big predators (bear and wolf) were absent up to the 20th century only near the Russian border small populations existed. 3) Poaching had a minor role in the population development. 4) The amount of 0,5 year old calves in the bag increased and as a result increased also the average age and the productivity of the population. 5) The hunted numbers were smaller than the annual reproduction.
12 Two main determinants of the moose population development in Finland 1) Forestry - responsible for the amount and quality of suitable food 2) Hunting responsible for the density and structure of the population
13 When density is not a limiting factor, population structure is decisive for the productivity of the population age structure adult sex ratio
14 Determination of age structure Fig: Tuire Nygrén
15 keskimääräinen ikä (v.) Average age of killed moose 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 urokset (Matson s Lab) naaraat (Matson s Lab) urokset (RKTL) naaraat (RKTL) Nygrén, T. 2009
16 Vasojen saalisosuudet (%) Proportion of calves in the bag Rannikko-Suomi Sisä-Suomi Oulun lääni Lappi Nygrén, T. 2009
17 Pregnancies of Finnish moose females in 1980 Number of feti/100 females alkioita/100 naarasta yksi alkio kaksi alkiota ,5 2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5 7,5 8,5 9,5 10,5+ naaraan ikä (v.) Age (years) Nygrén, T. 1983
18 Fig. Tuire Nygrén Dead born sextuplets of Valtimo
19 vasoja/100 aikuista Number of calves/100 adults Rannikko-Suomi Sisä-Suomi Oulun lääni Lappi Nygrén, T. 2009
20 Fig. V. Minaev Sex ratio
21 Not just age structure but also the sex ratio changed when main part of the killed moose were bulls and calfs. In Finland all calf rearing cows are protected from hunting. Hunters are also reluctant to kill cows. Drawing: Maija Wallén
22 lehmiä/sonni Development of adult sex ratio number of cows/one bull 2,4 2,0 Rannikko-Suomi Sisä-Suomi Oulun lääni Lappi 1,6 1,2 0, Nygrén, T. 2009
23 Unequal sex ratio Small choice of bulls Bulls younger than cows Fetilizations from second or third heat Deliveries later than optimal Calves too small to survive the hard winter Risk to the effective size and biodiversity of populations
24 Kaksos-% Twinning-% Eteläinen sisämaa Eteläinen rannikko Pohjoinen sisämaa Pohjoinen rannikko POHJANMAA Nygrén, T. 2009
25 kaksos-% kaksos-% Correlation between adult sex ratio and twinning -% RANNIKKO-SUOMI y = 64,33-12,07x r = -0,639 P < 0, SISÄ-SUOMI y = 62,65-10,41x r = -0,592 P < 0,0001 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 lehmiä/sonni 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 lehmiä/sonni OULUN LÄÄNI LAPPI 20 y = 63,44-19,45x r = -0,667 P < 0, y = 40,84-9,49x r = -0,190 P = 0,289 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 lehmiä/sonni 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 lehmiä/sonni Nygrén, T. 2009
26 Density development Density goals
27 Nygrén, T. 1987
28 0,4-0, ,0-4,0 1,2-1,8 2,3-3,0 2,5-3, ,5-3,0 0,5-3,0 Moose density goals from 1976 to ,0-5,0 2,0-4, Nygrén, T. 2009
29 hirviä/1000 ha Winter densities (number of moose/1000 ha) Rannikko Suomi Sisä- Suomi Oulu Lappi T. Nygrén 1996
30 Hirviä/1000 ha -1.0 Fig 16 1,1-2,0 2,1-4,0 4,1-6,0 6,1-8,0 8,1- T. Nygrén 1996
31 talvikannassa hirviä/1000 ha Moose density development black = annual estimations white = retrospective calculations) RANNIKKO-SUOMI 5 SISÄ-SUOMI vuosittain laadittu kanta-arvio takautuva laskennallinen arvio vuodelta vuosittain laadittu kanta-arvio takautuva laskennallinen arvio vuodelta Nygrén, T. 2009
32 kaadettu hirviä Licenses and kills kaatolupien määrä kaadettujen määrä Nygrén, T. 2009
33 kaadettu/1000 ha Number of kills/1000 ha 5 4 Rannikko-Suomi Sisä-Suomi Oulun lääni Lappi Nygrén, T. 2009
34 According to the latest results: Only in the northernmost Finland moose densities are higher than the density goals Moose population is more productive than ever before Productivity of the Finnish moose population is highest in the whole world The proportion of adult bulls in the population are lower than ever before
35 BUT The management and regulation of moose population is difficult difficult to predict population development difficult to estimate effects of mobility difficulties to cope with local variability The amounts of traffic accidents and forest damage are intolerable Moose population has estimated to be an economical burden to the Finnish state Hunters and the rest of the society are on opposite sides of the barricade Moose has lost a great deal of its value as a game animal The moose population has experienced changes, that might be irreversible
36 Antler types Palmated (A 1 A 1 ) Cervina (A 2 A 2 ) Intermediate (A 1 A 2 ) Figs: Kaarlo Nygrén
37 Frequencies of the palmated allele Nygrén, T. 2009
38 Change in frequencies of palmated alleles from to ,00 (difference in region III is not statistically significant) 0, ,50 0,25 0,00 Region I Region II Region III Region IV Nygrén, T. 2009
39 Summary Hunting and forestry have been the most important determinants of the moose population development in Finland. Since 1970 s the biological knowledge of moose has increased a lot but the role of biological knowledge in the decision making is minor at the moment. Both biological knowledge and political organization for decision making are utmost important for the success of the population management. It has been estimated that the moose problems in Finland are a result of a poor governance system that cannot take notice to the complex and unexpected interdependencies between interest groups (Härkönen & Hiedanpää 2007).
40 Kuva: Minaev
Logistic Paradigm. Logistic Paradigm. Paradigms. How should we consider them?
Harvesting Paradigms Sustained Yield Harvesting Paradigms Net-Annual Increment Paradigm The Myth of MSY How should we consider them? The logistic paradigm obviously arises from logistic model. Says that
Management Plan for the Wild Forest Reindeer Population in Finland
Management Plan for the Wild Forest Reindeer Population in Finland Kuva Management Plan for the Wild Forest Reindeer Population in Finland Kuva MMM Publication Kuva Kuva 9b 2007 9b2007 Management Plan
Government Decree on Compensation for Damages Caused by Predatory Animals (277/2000; amendments up to 821/2001 included)
1 NB: Unofficial translation Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland Government Decree on Compensation for Damages Caused by Predatory Animals (277/2000; amendments up to 821/2001 included) Chapter
LICENSING PURCHASING A LICENCE AND LICENCE REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS
LICENSING PURCHASING A LICENCE AND LICENCE REQUIREMENTS Active Network manages the sale of all recreational hunting and fishing licences in Alberta. Licences are sold through private licence issuers or
Beef - Key performance indicators. Mary Vickers
Beef - Key performance indicators Mary Vickers Today Suckler herd KPIs Update on new project Responses KPIs for finishing systems What is a KPI? a business metric used to evaluate factors that are crucial
Replacement Heifers Costs and Return on Investment Calculation Decision Aids
Replacement Heifers Costs and Return on Investment Calculation Decision Aids The purpose of this replacement heifer cost decision aid is to calculate total production costs and return on investment (ROI)
Fishing, Hunting & Gathering The Rights and Responsibilities of First Nations People in Manitoba
Fishing, Hunting & Gathering The Rights and Responsibilities of First Nations People in Manitoba First Nations people have always had a special relationship with the natural life forms that the land provides
VOLUNTARY BLACK BEAR TOOTH SUBMISSION PROGRAM
VOLUNTARY BLACK BEAR TOOTH SUBMISSION PROGRAM The department has initiated a 3-year pilot voluntary black bear tooth collection program in two parts of the province. Data generated from laboratory tooth
Understanding human-bear encounters and bear management from a local perspective in two Northern urbanizing regions across the Pacific-Rim
Understanding human-bear encounters and bear management from a local perspective in two Northern urbanizing regions across the Pacific-Rim Kim Jochum 1,2, Andrew Kliskey 1, Lilian Alessa 1, Kris Hundertmark
Minnesota Moose Research and Management Plan
Minnesota Moose Research and Management Plan Final Plan Approved: December 21, 2011 Table of Contents List of Tables... 3 List of Figures... 3 Executive Summary... 4 Background... 6 Moose Advisory Committee...
Beef Cattle Breeds and Biological Types Scott P. Greiner, Extension Animal Scientist, Virginia Tech
publication 400-803 Beef Cattle Breeds and Biological Types Scott P. Greiner, Extension Animal Scientist, Virginia Tech Worldwide there are more than 250 breeds of beef cattle. Over 60 of these breeds
Population Growth Activity Date Per
Population Growth Activity Name Date Per Objectives: You will graph the population growth of different populations and use it to predict future growth. You will identify factors that affect population
Increasing Profitability Through an Accelerated Heifer Replacement Program
Increasing Profitability Through an Accelerated Heifer Replacement Program Robert B. Corbett, D.V.M Dairy Health Consultation Accelerating heifer growth has been a very controversial subject in recent
3.0 COST OF WILDLIFE-RELATED MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS
3.0 COST OF WILDLIFE-RELATED MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS 3.1 Wildlife-related Motor Vehicle Accidents The cost of wildlife-related motor vehicle accidents to the residents of British Columbia is substantial.
BREAK-EVEN COSTS FOR COW/CALF PRODUCERS
L-5220 9/98 BREAK-EVEN COSTS FOR COW/CALF PRODUCERS L.R. Sprott* CALCULATING BREAK-EVEN COSTS of production can help cow/calf producers make better management decisions for the current year or for the
Managing moose, Alces alces, population in Finland: hunting virtual animals
Ann. Zool. Fennici 35: 173 179 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 11 December 1998 Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 1998 Managing moose, Alces alces, population in Finland: hunting virtual animals
A national guide to the selection of animals fit to transport Revised edition 2012 Is it fit to load?
A national guide to the selection of animals fit to transport Revised edition 2012 Is it fit to load? This national guide is endorsed by the below organisations: Australian Livestock & Property Agents
Evolution by Natural Selection 1
Evolution by Natural Selection 1 I. Mice Living in a Desert These drawings show how a population of mice on a beach changed over time. 1. Describe how the population of mice is different in figure 3 compared
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Far North of Ontario: Background information in support of land use planning
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Far North of Ontario: Background information in support of land use planning The Far North Caribou Project (FNCP) was initiated in 2008 to support land
West Kootenay Elk Composition Surveys:
: January and February 2012 Prepared By: Patrick Stent Ministry of Natural Resource Operations Nelson BC March 2012 Executive Summary The Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO)
2. How long had Brian been there? Show the math problem that you did to figure out the answer.
Chapter 1 Write your answers to the following questions in full 1. Why was Brian in the wilderness? 2. How long had Brian been there? Show the math problem that you did to figure out the answer. 3. List
Vaccination Programs for the Cow/Calf Operation
Vaccination Programs for the Cow/Calf Operation Disease prevention is of utmost importance in a cow-calf operation because it is a low profit margin enterprise. Adequate nutrition, strategic deworming,
Herd Register for Female Bovine Animals
Notes for Guidance - Female Animals SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE Rural Affairs Department Herd Register for Female Bovine Animals Separate record books are provided for male and female cattle. Unless you can produce
2015 BEAR HUNTING REGULATIONS
2015 BEAR HUNTING REGULATIONS Please read the following regulations carefully. In addition, general hunting regulations, legal firearms, and bows and arrows allowed for big game hunting are described in
Antlered a white-tailed deer, mule deer, moose or elk having an antler exceeding 10.2 cm (4 in.) in length.
GENERAL HUNTING REGULATIONS The following are brief summaries of some of the hunting regulations that apply to the purchase and use of licences obtained through a draw. A more comprehensive summary is
MIRDINEC - Management of the invasive Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the north-european countries LIFE09 NAT/SE/000344
MIRDINEC - Management of the invasive Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the north-european countries LIFE09 NAT/SE/000344 Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data
Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D.
Is the Market Ready for Milk from Cloned Cows? 3/15/06 Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics alvaneenennaam@ucdavis.edu ODI OUTLINE What is a clone?
COMPARISON OF FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION VS. NATURAL SERVICE IN BEEF COWS: REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND SYSTEM COST
FACT SHEET #2015.02 COMPARISON OF FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION VS. NATURAL SERVICE IN BEEF COWS: REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND SYSTEM COST By: Dr. Bart Lardner, Kathy Larson MSc, and Dr. Daalkhaijav
Moose Health. Management challenges with growing ungulate popula/ons. Workshop Invita/on. October 23-24, 2013, Uppsala, Sweden
Workshop Invita/on Moose Health Management challenges with growing ungulate popula/ons October 23-24, 2013, Uppsala, Sweden Center for Fish and Wildlife Research, SLU Swedish Center for Animal Welfare,
History and Management Perspective on Michigan Buck Hunting Regulations Background Document
History and Management Perspective on Michigan Buck Hunting Regulations Background Document Brent A. Rudolph Wildlife Research Specialist Deer and Elk Program Leader Michigan Department of Natural Resources
RATES OF CONCEPTION BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF. 1 Miss. Rohini Paramsothy Faculty of Agriculture University of Jaffna
RATES OF CONCEPTION BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF DAIRY COWS IN JAFFNA DISTRICT 1 Miss. Rohini Paramsothy Faculty of Agriculture University of Jaffna INTRODUCTION Conception rates of dairy cows are influenced
Characterization of the Beef Cow-calf Enterprise of the Northern Great Plains
Characterization of the Beef Cow-calf Enterprise of the Northern Great Plains Barry Dunn 1, Edward Hamilton 1, and Dick Pruitt 1 Departments of Animal and Range Sciences and Veterinary Science BEEF 2003
Maryland s White-tail Hunting: Region A - Western Maryland
Maryland s White-tail Hunting: Region A - Western Maryland By E. W. Grimes, Director/President, Maryland State Chapter of the Quality Deer Management Association A Series of Articles Written in an Effort
The Costs of Raising Replacement Heifers and the Value of a Purchased Versus Raised Replacement
Managing for Today s Cattle Market and Beyond March 2002 The Costs of Raising Replacement Heifers and the Value of a Purchased Versus Raised Replacement By Dillon M. Feuz, University of Nebraska Numerous
Past and Current Research on Natural Resource Issues in the Blue Mountains
Past and Current Research on Natural Resource Issues in the Blue Mountains Recreation, Hunting, Access Livestock Production (and Wild Ungulate Ecology) Restoration Timber Harvest, Production Biodiversity,
G. Cliff Lamb. North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, Florida University of Florida. Introduction
COST ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTING A SYNCHRONIZATION OR AI PROGRAM-USING DECISION-AID TOOLS G. Cliff Lamb North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, Florida University of Florida Introduction Estrous
Beef Cow Share Lease Agreements
Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources EC841 Beef Cow Share Lease Agreements Aaron L. Berger, Extension Educator Introduction Cow-calf enterprises require large investments in capital, labor, and
GROSS MARGINS : HILL SHEEP 2004/2005
GROSS MARGINS GROSS MARGINS : HILL SHEEP 2004/2005 All flocks Top third Number of flocks in sample 242 81 Average size of flock (ewes and ewe lambs) 849 684 Lambs reared per ewe 1.10 1.25 ENTERPRISE OUTPUT
Finnish National Phenological Network
Finnish National Phenological Network Kubin E., Poikolainen J., Karhu J. & Tolvanen A. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Oulu Unit 5 th PEP725 Management Meeting 28 April 2014 Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie
Ecology - scientific study of how individuals interact with their environment 34.1
Biology 1407 Exam 4 Notes - Ecology Ch.35-36 Ecology - scientific study of how individuals interact with their environment 34.1 - organisms have adapted to - evolved in - a particular set of conditions;
Glen Dhu Power Wind Project Addendum to Glen Dhu Environmental Assessment and Registration Document
Glen Dhu Power Wind Project Addendum to Glen Dhu Environmental Assessment and Registration Document APPENDIX C: SHEARWIND GLEN DHU MONITORING PROTOCOLS FOR MAINLAND MOOSE SHEARWIND GLEN DHU MONITORING
The Facts About Right Whales
The Facts About Right Whales Where have all the right whales gone? Hunters killed almost all the North Atlantic right whales by the early 20th century. It has been against the law to hunt them for more
A POWERFUL IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
A POWERFUL During the past 50 years technological advances in the field of bovine reproduction have led to some dramatic changes in the way cattle look, reproduce, perform, and even taste. Artificial Insemination
Diagrams for demographic data collection: examples from the Tembomvura, Zimbabwe
12 Diagrams for demographic data collection: examples from the Tembomvura, Zimbabwe Ravai Marindo-Rangana Introduction Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods have not been popular in demographic data
Ecosystems and Food Webs
Ecosystems and Food Webs How do AIS affect our lakes? Background Information All things on the planet both living and nonliving interact. An Ecosystem is defined as the set of elements, living and nonliving,
PRODUCERS can choose to use natural
Artificial Insemination PRODUCERS can choose to use natural or artificial means of breeding their animals. Technology has advanced in the last 30 to 40 years to allow animal producers to use means other
COLD STRESS IN COWS. Brian Tarr, Ruminant Nutritionist Shur Gain, Nutreco Canada Inc.
COLD STRESS IN COWS Brian Tarr, Ruminant Nutritionist Shur Gain, Nutreco Canada Inc. Cold Stress in Cows Brian Tarr, Ruminant Nutritionist Shur Gain, Nutreco Canada Inc. Getting cows through the winter
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems The interactions that take place among biotic and abiotic factors lead to transfers of energy and matter. Every species has a particular role, or niche, in an ecosystem.
j.b. NO. 2S1(~ A BILL FOR AN ACT
j.b. NO. 2S1(~ A BILL FOR AN ACT RELATING TO PREDATORS. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII: 1 SECTION 1. Section 183D-l, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is 2 amended by amending the definition
Reindeer herding and land use management Nordic perspectives
NJF s Nordic reindeer husbandry seminar 2014 Reindeer herding and land use management Nordic perspectives When: 19-21 October 2014 Where: Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland TENTATIVE
Disposal and replacement practices in Kenya s smallholder dairy herds
Disposal and replacement practices in Kenya s smallholder dairy herds B. Omedo Bebe 1, 2, 3, H.M.J. Udo 2 and W. Thorpe 3 1 Egerton University, Animal Science Department, Box 536 Njoro, Kenya 2 Animal
Livestock Budget Estimates for Kentucky - 2000
Livestock Budget Estimates for Kentucky - 2000 Agricultural Economics Extension No. 2000-17 October 2000 By: RICHARD L. TRIMBLE, STEVE ISAACS, LAURA POWERS, AND A. LEE MEYER University of Kentucky Department
Replacement Heifers Costs and Return Calculation Decision Aids
Replacement Heifers Costs and Return Calculation Decision Aids The purpose of these replacement heifer cost decision aids is to calculate total production costs and return on investment (ROI) to evaluate
Good DIY property is difficult to find, usually it means over crowed public land or the poorest private land hunting on the ranch.
Hunt ID: CO-ElkMDeerAntelope-All-Walden-BEO-Del This is the best opportunity of success for a DIY hunt in Colorado. DIY on private land hunts begin as low as $650 and go up to $ 1095. Good DIY property
Caribou. Ecology, Conservation and Management IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks
Caribou IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Ecology, Conservation and Management Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Conserving Caribou both for biodiversity and the enjoyment of future generations requires greater
Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate, and the risks for public and animal health
Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate, and the risks for public and animal health Mare Lõhmus Climate centrum / SMS / KMF National Veterinary Institute Uppsala, Sweden The source of many
Terms: The following terms are presented in this lesson (shown in bold italics and on PowerPoint Slides 2 and 3):
Unit B: Understanding Animal Reproduction Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Explain
Kainuu in statistics 2013. Photo: Samu Puuronen
Kainuu in statistics 2013 Photo: Samu Puuronen KAINUU IN RELATION TO THE WHOLE OF FINLAND Kainuu in proportion to the whole of Finland Population of the municipalities of Kainuu 2012 Forest area Total
Preliminary Estimates of Potential Economic Losses to Stock Growers due to the Presence of Wolves in North Eastern Oregon
Preliminary Estimates of Potential Economic Losses to Stock Growers due to the Presence of Wolves in North Eastern Oregon By John Williams OSU Extension Service Wallowa County, OR September 2010 Abstract
How To Understand Wolves
SOME THINGS YOUR STUDENTS WILL WANT TO KNOW ABOUT WOLVES - AND WON T BE AFRAID TO ASK 1. Are wolves dangerous to people? Wild wolves avoid people. The myths about wolves attacking and eating people are
The life of a Panda Javonna luper. How do they live there cute life
The life of a Panda Javonna luper How do they live there cute life The life of a Panda Javonna luper Introduction Image Source: kidrex This is a panda eating bamboo. I'm going to tell you about Pandas.
The Concept of Inclusive Fitness 1 Ethology and Behavioral Ecology Spring 2008
The Concept of Inclusive Fitness 1 Ethology and Behavioral Ecology Spring 2008 I. The components of Fitness A. Direct fitness W d, darwinian fitness, W gained by increasing ones own reproduction relative
Abbreviation key: NS = natural service breeding system, AI = artificial insemination, BV = breeding value, RBV = relative breeding value
Archiva Zootechnica 11:2, 29-34, 2008 29 Comparison between breeding values for milk production and reproduction of bulls of Holstein breed in artificial insemination and bulls in natural service J. 1,
2013 Minnesota Wolf Season Report
2013 Minnesota Wolf Season Report Dan Stark & John Erb June 5, 2014 All data contained herein are subject to revision, due to updated information, improved analysis techniques, and/or regrouping of data
6. Which of the following is not a basic need off all animals a. food b. *friends c. water d. protection from predators. NAME SOL 4.
NAME SOL 4.5 REVIEW - Revised Habitats, Niches and Adaptations POPULATION A group of the same species living in the same place at the same time. COMMUNITY-- All of the populations that live in the same
Therefore, this is a very important question, which encourages consideration of the current management of the resource.
Aalisarnermut, Piniarnermut Nunalerinermullu Naalakkersuisoqarfik Department of Fisheries, Hunting and Agriculture Finn's speech to NAFMC Climate change in the North Atlantic has become a reality which
HUNTing for Sustainability - a summary of research findings from Sweden
Foto Camilla Næss/NINA HUNTing for Sustainability - a summary of research findings from Sweden HUNTing for Sustainability - a summary of research findings from Sweden Camilla Sandström The HUNTing for
Summary of the law on FAMILY FRIENDLY RIGHTS
Summary of the law on FAMILY FRIENDLY RIGHTS Family friendly rights include, maternity, paternity and parental leave and rights for part-time workers. This booklet is solely concerned with the employment
PRICE LIST FOR HUNTING IN POLAND. STATE AREAS Valid between 01.04.2014 and 31.03.2015
PRICE LIST FOR HUNTING IN POLAND STATE AREAS Valid between 01.04.2014 and 31.03.2015 Accommodation costs Hunter Non - hunter Accommodation Cat. S 152,00 106,00 Single room extra charge 18,00 18,00 Accommodation,
Right Whale. The Kids Times: Volume II, Issue 6. NOAA s National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources
NOAA s National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources The Kids Times: Volume II, Issue 6 Right Whale Right whales have no dorsal fin on their backs. How did the right whale get its name?
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION THROUGH CULTURE AND HISTORY
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION THROUGH CULTURE AND HISTORY Tradition of non-violence Animals revered in Indian culture Elephants- Lord Ganesha Lion/Tiger- associated with Goddess Durga Snake- associated with Lord
Diagnostic Testing and Strategies for BVDV
Diagnostic Testing and Strategies for BVDV Dan Grooms Dept. of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Introduction Clinical diseases in cattle resulting from infection with bovine
A Method of Population Estimation: Mark & Recapture
Biology 103 A Method of Population Estimation: Mark & Recapture Objectives: 1. Learn one method used by wildlife biologists to estimate population size of wild animals. 2. Learn how sampling size effects
Managing the Dairy Farm: Key Performance Indicators
Managing the Dairy Farm: Key Performance Indicators Thomas Fuhrmann, DVM DairyWorks, PO Box 2800-317, Carefree AZ 85377 Email: DairyWorks@aol.com Take Home Message This paper discusses how to use information
Business Planning for the Allocation of Milk Quota to New Entrants
Business Planning for the Allocation of Milk Quota to New Entrants The business plan should start with a comment on where the farm is currently, what is planned over the next number of years and how it
The content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions are unchanged.
www.xtremepapers.com Location Entry Codes From the June 2007 session, as part of CIE s continual commitment to maintaining best practice in assessment, CIE has begun to use different variants of some question
MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDER DAIRY COMMERCIALIZATION PROGRAMME. Artificial Insemination (AI) Service
MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDER DAIRY COMMERCIALIZATION PROGRAMME Artificial Insemination (AI) Service 1 1.0 Introduction The fertility of a dairy cattle is very important for a dairy farmer
Wolves in Poland. Back to Wolves and Humans Homepage
Back to Wolves and Humans Homepage Wolves in Poland Poland - one of the biggest countries of central Europe (312,685 km 2 ) is inhabited by almost 40 million people. Large wood complexes of pine, spruce,
GREENHOUSE GAS FOOTPRINTING USING OVERSEER THE WHOLE PICTURE
GREENHOUSE GAS FOOTPRINTING USING OVERSEER THE WHOLE PICTURE David Wheeler, S Ledgard and M Boyes AgResearch, Hamilton Abstract The inputs into OVERSEER Nutrient Budgets (Overseer) allow farm-specific
This hands-on activity incorporates observing, classifying, predicting, sequencing, formulating models, and drawing conclusions.
SCIENCE Science and the Environment 4 th Grade FOOD CHAINS Overview: All organisms, or living things, depend on other organisms for nutrients. The movement of nutrients through an environment is visualized
Artificial insemination:
NAFU FARMER TECHNOLOGY Artificial insemination: The best technique to improve your herd by Joel Nkuna, AI technician, Taurus The practice of AI (artificial insemination) with cattle, is one of the few
THE ACT. of 13 October 1995. Law on Hunting. (unified text) Chapter 1. General provisions. Article 1
Journal of Law 02.42.372 - text: last amendment 21 August 2004, Journal of Law 04.173.1808 Journal of Law 02.42.372 27 October 2002 amended Journal of Law Article 65 1 January 2003 amended Journal of Law
BREEDING SOUNDNESS EVALUATION OF BULLS
Proceedings, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle November 12 and 13, 2005, Texas A&M University, College Station BREEDING SOUNDNESS EVALUATION OF BULLS Derry Magee Clinical Associate Professor
Part 4 Burden of disease: DALYs
Part Burden of disease:. Broad cause composition 0 5. The age distribution of burden of disease 6. Leading causes of burden of disease 7. The disease and injury burden for women 6 8. The growing burden
Estrus Synchronization Protocols for Cows
Estrus Synchronization Protocols for Cows Cliff Lamb University of Florida Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle NCBA Convention January 28, 2010 Estrous Synchronization Protocols Hybrid Synch
Homelessness: A silent killer
Homelessness: A silent killer A research briefing on mortality amongst homeless people December 2011 Homelessness: A silent killer 2 Homelessness: A silent killer December 2011 Summary This briefing draws
Presentation by: Ahmad Alsahaf. Research collaborator at the Hydroinformatics lab - Politecnico di Milano MSc in Automation and Control Engineering
Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen 9-October 2015 Presentation by: Ahmad Alsahaf Research collaborator at the Hydroinformatics lab - Politecnico di
Chapter 1 Key Themes in Environmental Science
Key Themes in Environmental Science Case Study: Shrimp, Mangroves, and Pickup Trucks This case study highlights the plight of a small farmer in Thailand in the shrimp farming business. He makes his living
ROADS & WILDLIFE COLLISIONS WITH WILDLIFE: AN
ROADS & WILDLIFE COLLISIONS WITH WILDLIFE: AN OVERVIEW OF MAJOR WILDLIFE VEHICLE COLLISION DATA COLLECTION SYSTEMS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE S. Gayle Hesse Wildlife Collision
Animal Birth Registration
Worksheet 2 Animal Birth Registration All calves must be tagged within 20 days of birth. Within 7 days of tagging all calf births must be registered with the Cattle Movement Monitoring System (CMMS). The
1. About dairy cows. Breed of dairy cows
1. About dairy cows Breed of dairy cows Holstein Holstein is a typical dairy cow, and 99% of dairy cows in Japan are Holsteins. They are originally from the Netherlands and Holstein region of Germany.
A quick guide to trademark use for Trademark Service licensees promoting FSC certified products. Forest Stewardship Council October 2013
A quick guide to trademark use for Trademark Service licensees promoting FSC certified products Forest Stewardship Council October 2013 Contents Quick steps for trademark use 3 Purchase documentation 4
Analysis of bicycle crashes during winter period
Cyclist Injuries Treated in Emergency Department (ED) in South-eastern Finland: Analysis of bicycle crashes during winter period Noora Airaksinen, MSc (Civ. Eng.), Sito Ltd PhD Student, Tampere University
Hedgehogs in rural landscapes. Summary of the conference at Nordens Ark, 5 May 2011.
Hedgehogs in rural landscapes Summary of the conference at Nordens Ark, 5 May 2011. Speakers and contributors Prof. Claes Andrén Nordens Ark Dr. Mattias Olsson EnviroPlanning AB och CBM Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet
Got ELK? Hunting Prices and Dates Also Current discounted pricing on Over the Counter Rifle seasons.
Hunt ID: CO-ElkMDeerFishAll-Durango-DBARG-DIY Got ELK? We sure do too many Elk. So many we are offering a DIY drop camp hunt for a limited number of hunters in prime Southwestern Colorado Elk Country!
Table 1. Summary of Crashworthiness Rating Methods and Databases. Essential characteristics
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL VEHICLE SAFETY RATING SYSTEMS Max Cameron Sanjeev Narayan Stuart Newstead Monash University Accident Research Centre Australia Timo Ernvall Vesa Laine University of Oulu,
Economics of Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination. Dr. Les Anderson and Paul Deaton University of Kentucky
Economics of Estrus Synchronization and Artificial Insemination Dr. Les Anderson and Paul Deaton University of Kentucky Introduction Few beef producers would disagree that the genetic potential available
How To Study The Effects Of Road Traf C On A Person'S Health
ORIGINAL ARTICLE JUMMEC 2008:11(1) ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES AMONG PATIENTS WHO ATTENDED THE ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY UNIT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA MEDICAL CENTRE, KUALA LUMPUR Moe H Department of Social
Plants and Animals of the arctic
NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION Plants and Animals of the arctic Summary Students create an arctic food web to understand the feeding connections and social relationships between tundra plants and animals.