Efficient forest biomass supply chain for biorefineries A project for cross border cooperation

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Emery Horton
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1 Forest Refine Efficient forest biomass supply chain for biorefineries A project for cross border cooperation HighBio 2 Seminar Luleå 16 Jan Magnus Matisons BioFuel Region Project Manager Forest Refine

2 Promote the use of renewable energy and materials il in northern Sweden

3 World Energy Outlook mb/d mb/d mb/d

5 Low hanging fruits have already been picked

6 Tar sands of Alberta The world s largest planned environmental disaster

7 Biofuels in the transport sector are increasing thanks to food crops and import

8 EU U Turn Spells Doom for Food Based dbiofuels Boom The use of biofuels made from crops such as rapeseed and wheat would be limited to 5% of total energy consumption in the EU transport sector in 2020 After 2020, biofuels should only be subsidized if they lead to substantial greenhouse gas savings (60%) including ILUC and are not produced from crops used for food and feed" 8

sector in 2020 After 2020, biofuels should only be subsidized if they lead to substantial

9 Imported Biofuels No security of Supply Global need for Food, Fibre and Fuels Is there enough land to satisfy all the demands? Forest biomass is the solution No competition with food crops 90 % reduction of GHG Regional Development

10 Forest Refine Background It is of utmost importance that the research and development of forest biorefineries that now take place in Sweden and Finland harmonizes with the development of cost and energy efficient and sustainable forest raw material supply chains. The cost for raw material represents approx. 50% of the overall cost for biorefining

development of cost and energy efficient and sustainable forest raw material supply

11 Production costs biofuels 80% World Sweden + High value green chemicals 15% 80% EU 80 % Brazil, USA

12 Efficient forest biomass supply chain for biorefineries Budget 2.5 M Results:

13 Forest Refine A project tfor cross border cooperation 8 partners from Sweden and Finland

14 Sources of forest biomass for biorefining Reallocation ofcurrent raw material flows Harvested round wood Energy wood (logging residues, small trees, stumps) Mobilization of existing, unutilized biomass resources Intensification of biomass production +1.4% +0.6% 06%

residues, small trees, stumps) Mobilization of existing,

15 Biomass potentials Energy wood loggingresidues residues, smalltrees trees, stumps Finland Sweden Raw material sources, technical harvesting potentials, and gross potentials of forest chips in Finland and Sweden in Ylitalo E. (ed.) Wood Fuel Used for Energy Generation Finnish Forest Research Institute, Forest Statistical Bulletin ISSN ; 2011, 7. Routa et al. WIREs Energy Environ doi: /wene.24

Sweden in 2010. Ylitalo E. (ed.) Wood Fuel Used for Energy Generation 2010.

16 Chemical composition of biomasscomponents The most important ttree species Pine Spruce Birch Pine Biomass components Stem wood Bark Branches Needles/leaves Stump and roots Spruce

17 Data from national forest inventory are used Information of availble volumes in future final fellings 60 years ArcGIS 10.1 Distance toclosest t City Forest Industry Heating plant Railway Roads

18 History Manual labour Use of waterways has determined location of todays forest industries This location may not be optimal for future biorefineries

19 Logging Residues Sawlogs Today Cut to length Pulpwood According to end users quality demands harvesters are used to fell, delimb and crosscut the trees into Pulpwood and Sawlogs and Logging Residues

harvesters are used to fell, delimb and crosscut

20 Forest Biomass The cost for harvest, transport, storing and handling of the biomass is of prime importance when calculating l the overall cost for biorefining i Seasonal variation in quality 50 km 100 km 120 km 200 km % % 40 % 60 70% Solid volume content

the overall cost for biorefining i Seasonal variation in quality

21 Tomorrow Quality demand from future biorefineries? Grapple saw cutting tree sections Felling head including stump core

22 4 6% 8 % Stump Drill.avi

23 How can we refine/upgrade raw material closer to the forest? Screening Cleaning from contaminations Fractioning Preparation of different assortments according to end users quality demands Increase energy density; Torrefaction, Pelleting etc.

24 Raw material for biorefineries? Stumps Young trees Crushing 24

25 Fractioning Air Air + material Fan Feeding screw Cyklon Material +air Air separation table Material out Unwanted material Gravimetric separation Characterization Calorific heat value Ash content Particle size distribution Extractives Cellulose Hemicelluloses Lignini Fractioning by sieving Fermentation ti Lab Pilot 25

26 Chemical analysis of samples Extractives, lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Samples Basic characterization before chemical analysis, e.g. moisture and ash content Extraction Extractives Extractives free wood Gravimetric determination Acid hydrolysis Separate compounds GC/MSD and GC/FID Group analysis GC/FID Filtration Free compounds Esterified compounds Filtrate Acid in soluble lignin Gravimetric determination Acid soluble lignin UV/Vis spectrophotometer Carbohydrates GC/MSD and GC/FID

27 Conclusions Forest biorefineries will operate in a world where liquid fuels are becoming increasingly i expensive and possible scarce In this world we can longer afford to waste energy EROEI Energy Return On Energy Invested The cost for harvest, transport, storing and handling of the biomass is of prime importance when calculating the overall cost for bio refining To be competitive large amounts of the biomass can be used as fuels, while smaller but economically significant amounts are further refined to products of higher value Long term energy policies are needed

28 Thank You!

BIOMASS SOURCING STRATEGIES NON-TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF A COMPANY INTENDING TO BUILD A DEMONSTRATION/FLAGSHIP PLANT

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