Biology EOC Review Mid- term Exam

Transcription

1 Biology EOC Review Mid- term Exam 1. What is the total magnification used to view these onion cells through the microscope set- up in the picture? a. 400x b. 50x c. 10x d. 40x 2. Which of these is responsible for the rough appearance of the endoplasmic reticulum? a. Enzymes b. DNA c. Lysosomes d. Ribosomes 3. According to the data in the graph, during which time period did the overall bluegill population decline? a b c d A biology class of 24 students decides to measure the height of each student and then calculate the average height for the class. Which of these is a possible source of error in this activity? a. The number of males and females in the class b. The total number of students in the class c. The difference in the ages of the students in the class d. The accuracy of making and recording measurements 5. The energy in the food produced by autotrophs or taken into the bodies of heterotrophs must be changed into a form that cells can use. The energy- transferring molecule used by cells is a. DNA b. ATP c. RNA d. CO2 6. Which of the following phases is the first step in mitosis? a. Telophase b. Anaphase c. Prophase d. Metaphase

2 7. Tissues samples taken from the heart and stomach of a grasshopper would be expected to have the same a. DNA b. Metabolic rates c. Cell Size d. Cell Shape 8. A company that produces Brand X flea shampoo claims to have the most effective shampoo for killing fleas. Which of these sets of data supports the Brand X claim? 9. A student hypothesizes that thick leg muscles are an inherited trait in dogs. The student collects data on several dogs, and the data show that dogs that live outdoors have thicker leg muscles than dogs that live indoors. What should the student conclude? a. Inheritance alone may not account for thick leg muscles in dogs. b. Inheritance of thick leg muscles may be associated with coat thickness in dogs. c. Dogs with thick leg muscles may require more exercise than dogs with thin leg muscles. d. Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles may not survive 10. Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both a. Form cell walls c. Store energy b. Provide insulation d. Contain nitrogen 11. Some unicellular organisms are motile (have the ability to move) and some are non- motile. Which cellular structures are associated with movement? a. Chloroplasts b. Ribosomes c. Vacuoles d. Flagella 12. What repackages proteins into forms the cell can use, expel, or keep stored? a. Golgi bodies b. Centrioles c. Lysosomes d. Mitochondria

3 13. Which of these is the best model of a prokaryotic cell? 14. Change in species is describes as a process that usually occurs over long periods of time. Yet, even though antibiotics have only been widely used for fifty years, scientists recognize that overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic- resistant strains of bacteria. The reason this can occur in a relatively short span of time is that a. Bacteria are very small b. There are many different types of bacteria c. Bacteria reproduce rapidly d. Travelers carry bacteria around the world 15. When there is a lower concentration of water outside of a plant cell rather than inside a plant cell, the plant will tend to a. Grow towards the sun b. Lose water and wilt c. Gain water and become rigid d. Increase its rate of photosynthesis 16. Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which cellular organelle would the process occur? a. Mitochondria b. Ribosomes c. Golgi body d. Lysosome

4 17. The information in the table below was collected in the field while studying the effect of ph on the growth of the duckweed plant. The data shows that duckweed has optimum growth at a ph of Pond ph of Pond Water # of Duckweed Plants A B C D 4 80 a. 8 b. 6 c. 4 d Which questions cannot be answer scientifically because the quantity cannot be measured? a. How heavy is a mature female elephant? b. How fast can a tiger butterfly fly? c. How happy is a chimpanzee when it finds its favorite food? d. How much food does a water buffalo consume in one day? 19. What is the primary function of the cell membrane? a. Determining genetic traits b. Defending against foreign particles c. Breaking down proteins for energy d. Generating energy from mineral nutrients 20. A bird- watcher records the movement of migrating birds. In which part of the scientific process is the bird- watcher participating? a. Control variables b. Experimenting c. Observing d. Hypothesizing 21. What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? a. It will be unable to carry out respiration. b. It will lose water through osmosis. c. It will break down the ribosomes in the cell. d. It will be unable to photosynthesize. 22. During strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperature by sweating, which helps to reduce the body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation? a. Excretion b. Metabolism c. Homeostasis d. Synthesis 23. Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing? a. The cytoplasm separates c. The DNA replicates b. The sister chromatids separate d. The homologous chromosomes cross- over 24. Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins, DNA, and cells? a. Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins b. Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced c. DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function

5 25. What type of organic molecules are enzymes? a. Carbohydrates b. Lipids c. Nucleic Acids d. Proteins 26. Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell? a. Mitochondria b. Cell wall c. Nucleus d. Ribosomes 27. Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells? a. A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. b. Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. c. Muscle cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. d. Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 28. A freshwater plant is placed in container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant? a. The will swell because water will move into them. b. They will swell because salt will move into them. c. They will shrink because water will move out of them. d. They will shrink because salt will move out of them. 29. During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division? a. Cytokinesis b. Anaphase c. Prophase d. Interphase 30. Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation? a. DNA b. Glucose c. Fat d. Starch 31. If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring? a. Active transport c. Passive Transport b. Osmosis d. Diffusion 32. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? a. Both contain a nucleus b. Both contain ribosomes c. Both contain membrane- bound organelles d. Both contain cell walls 33. What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis? a. Two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell b. Two cells with half the genetic material of the plant cell c. Four cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell d. Four cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell

6 34. These diagrams represent a Euglena and a Paramecium. Which function do structures X and Y have in common? a. Digestion b. Gathering food c. Movement d. Reproduction 35. Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane? a. Substances are moving rapidly across the cell membrane b. ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane c. Substances are moving from high to low concentration d. Substances are moving through channels in the cell membrane. 36. During chemistry class your teacher challenged you to dissolve four salts as quickly as possible in a specific volume of water. Each group had to pick a variable to test, a variable that would speed up the dissolving process. Each group had to design an experiment using the steps of the scientific method. The teacher began the experiment with the research question: how can you speed up the dissolution of salt in water? Your group stated: if the water temperature increases, the dissolving time of the four salts will decrease. Your statement can best be described as your groups: a. Hypothesis b. Law c. Theory d. Variable 37. The process of sharing results in working together to develop you hypotheses in experiments is known as. a. Accuracy b. Risk taking c. Collaboration 38. Which safety precaution is common to all laboratory activities? a. Where a lab apron b. Follow instructions c. Disinfect the lab bench d. Disposal of materials into hazardous waste containers 39. Which measures the mass of an object? a. A spring scale (in N) c. A graduated cylinder (in ml) b. A height scale (in feet) d. A triple beam balance (in grams)

7 40. Which tool would best be used for measuring the temperature of the classroom? a. Atmosphmometer c. Sphygmomanometer b. Barometer d. Thermometer 41. When and experiment is repeated and the new results are different from the original results what may likely be inferred? a. Additional test/trials are needed b. Both results are wrong due to the discrepancy c. The hypothesis is incorrect in must be modified d. The first must be in accurate because you are sure the second results are correct 42. The factor being changed in a controlled experiment is called the. a. Data b. Controlled variable c. Dependent variable d. Independent variable 43. A marine biologist is examining the effects of oil pollution on a population of seagulls. He is particularly interested in determining whether oil pollution reduces the number of eggs that may be hatched in each seagull nest. During one breeding season, he has counted the number of eggs present in 16 seagull nests and recorded the distance from each nest to a nearby oil refinery. Which step would best enhance the data from the study and allow the researcher to more confident conclusions? a. Data could be gathered from nesting sites near other oil pollution sources b. The research could be expanded to include fish and other marina dwelling creatures c. The affects of other pollutants such as air pollution could be included in the study d. The researcher could increase the number of independent variables included in the study 44. A student studies the gathering of frogs at the end of the pond. She has collected data, formed graphs, and now should do what with that information? a. Experiment b. Author a procedure c. Publish her findings d. Analyze in conclude 45. To eliminate the possibility of hidden or unknown variables, the scientist must run a experiment. a. Control b. Preliminary c. Test d. Variable 46. Dr. Trout has noticed that the salmon in his fish hatchery seem to enjoy listening to the radio when he has it on in the lab. The fish in the tank closest to the radio seem to grow larger. Dr. Trout the size of the more music he plays, the faster the fish must grow. To test his idea, he sets up 5 large ponds with 100 salmon in each pond. He places a loudspeaker at the middle of each pond and plays various amount of music in each pond. He is careful to play the same band, feed the fish the same diet, and keep the water conditions and all tanks exactly the same. After 10 weeks, he ends the trial and takes the average weight of the fish in each pond, and organizes his data in the table. The dependent variable in Dr. Trout s experiment is: a. Hours of music b. Mass of the fish c. Diet of the fish d. Size of the ponds

8 47. A biology student is studying ways to grow crops in soils that are high in salt and other dissolved solids. To determine whether corn plants can tolerate salty soil conditions, she grows up one corn plant in typical non- salty soil and one corn plant in the same soil plus 0.5 kg of salt. After six weeks of growth, the corn plant grown in salty soil is only 50% of the mass and height of the corn plant grown in non- salty soil. How can this research be improved so that she will have greater confidence in her data? a. Repeat the experiment but with additional corn plants to increase the sample size b. Add more salt to the experimental condition so that the resulting data is more clear c. Test in additional variables such as amount of moisture so that the results are more valid d. Revise the original hypothesis to account for the fact that plants do not grow in salty soils 48. Most enzymes are considered what type of macromolecule? a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Lipid d. Nucleic Acid 49. One function of is to provide insulation. a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Lipid d. Nucleic Acid 50. These macromolecules are made by joining amino acids in long chains, which provide a variety of functions like muscle contraction. a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Lipid d. Nucleic Acid 51. Lipids are different from other macromolecules because they a. Do NOT mix with water (hydrophobic) c. Are a type of macromolecule b. Dissolve easily in water d. Are found in food 52. Sugars, starch, and cellulose are examples of which macromolecule group? a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Lipid d. Nucleic Acid 53. Hydrophobic fats, oils, waxes, and steroids are examples of which macromolecule group? a. Carbohydrates b. Protein c. Lipid d. Nucleic Acid 54. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by. a. Decreasing activation energy c. Increasing Activation energy b. Increasing temperature d. Decreasing temperature 55. Enzymes are during chemical reactions and are. a. changed, reusable b. unchanged, reusable 56. Proteins are said to when placed in extreme ph or temperature conditions. a. desensitize c. depolarize b. polymerize d. denature 57. These are simple sugars (single units). a. Polysaccharides c. disaccharides b. monosaccharaides d. macromolecules 58. Which macromolecule (organic molecule) is involved in nearly every function in the human body as a building block? a. Carbohydrate b. Lipid c. Protein d. Nucleic Acid

9 59. A substrate binds to an enzyme s. a. Active site b. Active port c. Inhibitor d. Closed site 60. In humans and other multicellular organisms, which substance plays a central role as an energy source? a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Lipid d. Nucleic Acid 61. Nucleic Acids are made by bonding the monomer. a. Nucleotides b. Monoacids c. Amino acids d. Steroids 62. What is the caloric value of one gram of a carbohydrate? a. 9 cals/gram b. 4 cals/gram c. 0 cals/gram d. 10 cals/g 63. Enzymes are classified as because they decrease activation energy and speed up reaction. a. Catalysts b. Lipids c. Carbohydrates d. Steroids 64. Which of the following is the main reason that humans need to include carbohydrates in their diet? a. Act as catalyst to speed up reactions c. Combine to form proteins b. For building blocks d. Broken down for immediate energy 65. Glucose is a monomer of carbohydrates. Therefore, glucose is a. a. Enzyme b. Lipid c. Monosaccharide d. Protein 66. Which of these can be built directly using the fatty acids and glycerol? a. Carbohydrates b. Lipids c. Proteins d. Minerals 67. In the following graph, which line represents a reaction completed with the use of a catalyst or enzyme? a. The top line b. The bottom line 68. Where is most of the energy stored in macromolecules? a. In carbon b. In the bonds c. In Oxygen 69. True or False: Any substrate can bind with any enzyme because enzymes are NOT specific. a. True b. False

10 70. Which of the following is NOT a function of a lipid? a. Main source of fuel for cells c. Part of cell membrane b. Insulation from heat loss d. Cushioning for organs 71. If an individual ate chicken alfredo with pasta for dinner, what would the body use first as a main source of energy? a. Alfredo sauce (lipid) c. Chicken (protein) b. Pasta (carbohydrate) d. Use them all immediately 72. Which of the following does not affect the rate of chemical reactions? a. ph level b. Catalysts c. Temperature d. Time 73. Which scientist coined the term cells after viewing dead cork? a. Hooke b. Virchow c. Schleiden d. Schwann 74. Which scientist stated that all plants were made of cells? a. Hooke b. Virchow c. Schleiden d. Schwann 75. Which scientist concluded that all animals were made of cells? a. Hooke b. Virchow c. Schleiden d. Schwann 76. Which scientist concluded that all cells come from pre- existing cells? a. Hooke b. Virchow c. Schleiden d. Schwann 77. The cell theory stats that ALL cells have a nucleus. a. True b. False 78. Which statement is true about prokaryotes? a. The have a nucleus c. They have DNA b. They have chromosomes d. None of the above 79. What is the big difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes do not b. Eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not 80. In which structure would you expect to find a cell wall? a. A human skin cell c. A liver cell from a mouse b. A cell from an oak tree d. A blood cell from a cat 81. Which organelle converts sugars into energy and is considered the powerhouse of the cell? a. Nucleus b. Ribosome c. Lysosome d. Mitochondria 82. Studying a picture of a cell taken with a microscope, you find that the cell has the following organelles: nucleus, ribosome, and cell wall. You can conclude that the cell is from a: a. Animal b. Plant c. Either plant or animal d. Neither

11 83. A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an ice sample from hundreds of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientists found some cells from many years ago. Using a microscope, the scientists identified the following structures: ribosome, cell membrane, flagellum, and no nucleus. What kind of organism did the scientist find? a. Animal b. Plant c. Bacteria d. Any of them 84. This organelle is responsible for making proteins. a. Mitochondria c. Plasma Membrane b. Nucleus d. Ribosome 85. This organelle is considered to be the packaging and distribution center of the cell. a. Nucleus b. Golgi Apparatus c. Cell Membrane d. Smooth ER 86. Which organelle contains the DNA of the cell: a. Nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Rough ER d. Golgi Body 87. Complete the analogy: The cell membrane is to the cell as the is to the. a. DNA ; Chromosomes c. Rough ER ; Ribosomes b. Nuclear Envelope ; Nucleus d. Smooth ER ; Ribosomes 88. Plant cells have a large membrane- bound space in which water, waste, and nutrients are stored. This organelle is known as: a. Mitochondria b. Vacuole c. Golgi Body d. Chloroplast 89. Which of the following has the organizational system correct from smallest to largest? a. Cells tissues organism organ system organ b. Tissues organism cells organ organ system c. Organism organ system organ tissue cell d. Cell tissue organ organ system organism 90. This type of cell is typically a unicellular organism with DNA not enclosed in a nucleus. a. Prokaryote b. Eukaryote c. Animal Cell d. Plant Cell 91. If you compare a cell to a school which organelle would be the principle? a. Mitochondria b. Nucleus c. Chloroplast d. Vacuole 92. How is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum different? a. Smooth ER has ribosomes attached and rough ER does not b. They both have ribosomes attached, and there is not difference structurally c. Rough ER has ribosomes attached and smooth ER does not d. None of the above 93. A single celled organism uses a whip- like structure to move. What is this structure called? a. Chloroplast b. Cilia c. Smooth ER d. Flagella 94. Active transport does NOT require energy. a. True b. False

12 95. A type of passive transport that uses the help of a protein to push the object across the cell membrane is: a. Osmosis b. Protein pump c. Facilitated Diffusion 96. An animal cell is placed into a beaker of water. The solute concentration is higher inside the cell. Water will move a. into the cell b. out of the cell c. Equal movement d. None 97. Which is an example of active transport? a. Osmosis b. Endocytosis c. Facilitated Diffusion d. Diffusion 98. The diffusion of water molecules in and out of the cell is a process know as: a. Osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion c. Simple diffusion 99. What is the primary function of the cell membrane? a. Determine genetic traits c. determine which substances enter/leave the cell b. Generate energy d. Break down proteins 100. The following diagram shows which process? a. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis c. Osmosis d. Facilitated Diffusion 101. Which movement of substances through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient requires energy? a. Active transport b. Osmosis c. Diffusion d. Facilitated Diff During diffusion, molecules tend to move: a. From low to high concentration b. They don t move c. From high to low concentration d. Water moves in and out of the cell When there is a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell, the solution is called: a. Hypertonic b. Hypotonic c. Isotonic d. Equilibrium 104. When the concentration of a solute inside and outside the cell is the same, the cell has reached: a. Maximum concentration c. Equilibrium b. Osmotic Pressure d. None of the above 105. This type of transport requires energy from ATP to move substances across the cell membrane. a. Passive b. Active

13 106. Which of the following is a type of active transport that requires the use of vesicle for substances to enter a cell? a. Facilitated diffusion b. Exocytosis c. Endocytosis d. Protein Pump 107. The nuclear envelope disappears during which phase of mitosis? a. Interphase b. Prophase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase 108. Which occurs during cytokinesis? a. Binary Fission b. DNA replication c. Cytoplasm divides 109. Which phrase best describes cancer? a. Cancer cells completed abnormal mitosis b. Cancer cells grow too large c. Cancer cells shrink to a small size d. Cancer cells are not regulated by the cell cycle 110. The G1 stage of the cell cycle marks the beginning of the. a. Mitosis b. Cytokinesis c. Interphase d. None of the above 111. In which phase do chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and align along the middle of the cell? a. Interphase b. Prophase c. Anaphase d. Metaphase 112. What is the purpose/goal of mitosis? a. Decrease cell volume c. Produce new cells b. Increase cell volume d. Create genetic diversity 113. During cytokinesis, how do you know you are looking at a plant or animal cell? a. A cell plate forms in animal cells, while a cleavage furrow forms in plant cells b. Cytokinesis results in genetic diversity in plant cells but not in animal cells c. A cell plate forms in plant cells, while a cleavage furrow forms in animal cells d. Cytokinesis results in genetic diversity in animal cells but not in plant cells 114. What happens during the S phase? a. Chromosomes line up in the middle c. Chromosomes come together b. Splitting the cell d. DNA synthesis is taking place 115. Which is the first phase of mitosis? a. Interphase b. Prophase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase 116. At the start of mitosis, a cell starts with 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each new daughter cell have after mitosis? a. 4 b. 6 c. 24 d The overall goal of the cell cycle is growth and. a. Death b. Stop dividing c. Division d. Doesn t complete mitosis

14 118. Which of the following statements about mitosis is correct? a. Two cells are produced, each containing half of the DNA of the original cell. b. Five cells are produced, each containing a random assortment of DNA. c. Three cells are produces, with only one having the entire DNA. d. Two cells are produced, each containing a set of the original cell s DNA What process is shown in the diagram? a. Osmosis b. Meiosis c. Mitosis d. Fertilization 120. Which of the following happens during the entire process of the cell cycle? a. The cytoplasm is split b. Cell growth and division c. The DNA is split d. Only division happens 121. Which of the following has the phases of mitosis in the correct order? a. Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase b. Telophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase c. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase d. Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase 122. What happens in Metaphase? a. The cell grows & replicates DNA c. The cell splits in two b. The chromosomes move to the middle d. The cell starts to cleave 123. Cancer can be referred to as. a. Normal mitosis c. Uncontrolled cell growth b. Cell plates forming d. Apoptosis 124. Mitosis, a stage in the cell cycle, is important for what reason? a. A reduction of chromosomes c. Removal of cancer cells b. Division of the nucleus d. Division of the cytoplasm 125. During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase

15 126. Which type of cell forms a cell plate during cytokinesis? a. Plant b. Animal c. Bacterial d. Human Use the diagram below to answer questions The cell labeled D is in of mitosis. a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 128. The cell labeled B is in of mitosis. a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 129. The cell labeled A is in of mitosis. a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 130. The cell labeled C is in of mitosis. a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 131. Why do cells undergo differentiation? a. To divide the nucleus c. To create stem cells b. To create different types of cells d. To reduce the number of chromosomes 132. Nearly all cells in a multicellular organism contain the same DNA a. True b. False 133. What actually makes the different cells of your body act differently? a. The have different DNA c. The have lower amounts of DNA b. They have different amounts of DNA d. Different parts of the DNA is activated 134. What are stem cells? a. Every cell is a stem cell c. Specialized cells b. Unspecialized cells d. None of the above 135. Where are stem cells found? a. Embryos, bone marrow, and umbilical cords c. Bone marrow and umbilical cords b. Embryos only d. embryos and skin cells 136. What regulates the cell cycle? a. You b. Blood c. Checkpoints d. Nervous System

16 137. If cells don t listen to the regulations of the cell cycle, what happens? a. They turn into stem cells c. The cells learn better for next time b. The cell stops growing d. The cells turn into cancer 138. In which phase of the cell cycle, does a cleavage furrow form? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Cytokinesis 139. In which phase of the cell cycle does the nuclear membrane break down? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 140. In which phase of the cell cycle does the nuclear membrane reform? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 141. Which of the following should stop cells division from continuing? a. Checkpoints c. Chemical signals such as enzymes b. External contact with surrounding d. All of the above 142. During which phase of the cell cycle, do cells do their every day work for you? a. Mitosis b. Interphase c. Cytokinesis d. All of the above