Client Settings fr Internet Explrer n Windws Dcument #: 11.0.02015040601 Last Mdified: 12/29/2015
Client Setup fr Internet Explrer n Windws Cpyright Infrmatin Cpyright 2015 Aras Crpratin. All Rights Reserved. Aras Crpratin 300 Brickstne Square Suite 700 Andver, MA 01810 Phne: 978-691-8900 Fax: 978-794-9826 E-mail: Supprt@aras.cm Website: http://www.aras.cm Ntice f Rights Cpyright 2015 by Aras Crpratin. This material may be distributed nly subject t the terms and cnditins set frth in the Open Publicatin License, V1.0 r later (the latest versin is presently available at http://www.pencntent.rg/penpub/). Distributin f substantively mdified versins f this dcument is prhibited withut the explicit permissin f the cpyright hlder. Distributin f the wrk r derivative f the wrk in any standard (paper) bk frm fr cmmercial purpses is prhibited unless prir permissin is btained frm the cpyright hlder. Aras Innvatr, Aras, and the Aras Crp "A" lg are registered trademarks f Aras Crpratin in the United States and ther cuntries. All ther trademarks referenced herein are the prperty f their respective wners. Ntice f Liability The infrmatin cntained in this dcument is distributed n an "As Is" basis, withut warranty f any kind, express r implied, including, but nt limited t, the implied warranties f merchantability and fitness fr a particular purpse r a warranty f nninfringement. Aras shall have n liability t any persn r entity with respect t any lss r damage caused r alleged t be caused directly r indirectly by the infrmatin cntained in this dcument r by the sftware r hardware prducts described herein. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 2
Client Setup fr Internet Explrer n Windws Table f Cntents Send Us Yur Cmments... 4 Dcument Cnventins... 5 1 Client Cnfiguratin... 6 1.1 Installed Sftware... 6 1.2 Required Settings... 6 1.2.1 Internet Explrer Settings... 6 1.2.2.NET Framewrk Security Plicy Settings... 7 1.3 Optinal Settings... 9 2 Trubleshting... 10 2.1 Manual.NET Security Cnfiguratin Tl Errrs... 10 2.1.1 Running the Tl withut Dwnlading... 10 2.1.2 Applicatin Errr Running sdns.exe... 10 2.1.3 sdns.exe Errr: Access denied... 10 2.2 Errrs During Lgin... 11 2.2.1.NET Errr During lgin... 11 2.2.2 Micrsft.NET 4.5... 12 2.3 Files Display in the Aras Innvatr Windw... 12 2.3.1 IE Settings fr Disabling Files frm Opening in Innvatr Windws... 12 2.4 MSXML... 13 2.5 ActiveX cntrl is deactivated when ther applicatins are dcked with Internet Explrer n the Windws Desktp... 13 2.6 Lgin Screen randmly takes a lng time t lad... 13 2.6.1 Disabling Aut Detect prxy settings... 13 2.7 My pre-defined language pack and lcale are nt prperly displaying when cnnected t Aras Innvatr... 14 2.7.1 Internet Explrer 9... 15 2.7.2 Internet Explrer 10 r Internet Explrer 11... 16 2.8 Clsing Tear-ff Windw Causes IE t Crash... 18 2.9 Requests t a web applicatin cause a timeut errr... 20 3 IT System Administratr Push Cnfiguratin... 21 3.1.NET Framewrk 2.0 Cnfiguratin... 22 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 3
Send Us Yur Cmments Aras Crpratin welcmes yur cmments and suggestins n the quality and usefulness f this dcument. Yur input is an imprtant part f the infrmatin used fr future revisins. Did yu find any errrs? Is the infrmatin clearly presented? D yu need mre infrmatin? If s, where and what level f detail? Are the examples crrect? D yu need mre examples? What features did yu like mst? If yu find any errrs r have any ther suggestins fr imprvement, indicate the dcument title, and the chapter, sectin, and page number (if available). Yu can send cmments t us in the fllwing ways: Email: Supprt@aras.cm Subject: Aras Innvatr Dcumentatin Or, Or, Pstal service: Aras Crpratin 300 Brickstne Square Suite 700 Andver, MA 01810 Attentin: Aras Innvatr Dcumentatin FAX: 978-794-9826 Attn: Aras Innvatr Dcumentatin If yu wuld like a reply, prvide yur name, email address, address, and telephne number. If yu have usage issues with the sftware, visit http://www.aras.cm/supprt/ 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 4
Dcument Cnventins The fllwing table highlights the dcument cnventins used in the dcument: Dcument Cnventins Cnventin Bld Cde Yellw highlight Yellw highlight with red text Nte: Italics Descriptin This shws the names f menu items, dialg bxes, dialg bx elements, and cmmands. Example: Click OK. Cde examples appear in curier text. It may represent text yu type r data yu read. Cde with yellw highlight is used t draw attentin t the cde that is being indicated in the cntent. Red clr text with yellw highlight is used t indicate the cde parameter that needs t be changed r replaced. Reference t ther dcuments. Ntes cntain additinal useful infrmatin. Warning Successive menu chices Warning cntains imprtant infrmatin. Pay special attentin t infrmatin highlighted this way. Successive menu chices may appear with a greater than sign (-->) between the items that yu will select cnsecutively. Example: Navigate t File --> Save --> OK. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 5
1 Client Cnfiguratin 1.1 Installed Sftware Aras Innvatr 11 requires the fllwing: Internet Explrer 9, 10, r 11 n Windws 7, 8, 8.1, r 10..NET 3.5 SP1. MSXML6. 1.2 Required Settings The fllwing steps require administrative rights t cmplete. 1.2.1 Internet Explrer Settings Once yu have lgged int the client PC machine as an administratr, cnfigure Internet Explrer 9, 10 r 11 using the fllwing steps: 1. Open an Internet Explrer windw. 2. Navigate t Tls --> Internet Optins --> Security. 3. Select the Trusted sites zne and click Sites. The Trusted sites windw is displayed. 4. Type the URL fr the Innvatr in Add this website t the zne: and click Add. 5. Clear the Require the server verificatin (https:) fr all sites in this zne checkbx. 6. Click Clse t exit frm the Trusted sites windw. 7. In the Security tab, clear the Enable Prtected Mde checkbx. 8. Click Custm level. The Security Settings - Trusted Sites Zne windw is displayed. 9. Cnfigure the fllwing settings (scrll dwn t find an apprpriate ptin). NET Framewrk-reliant cmpnents Select Enable fr Run cmpnents signed with Authenticde. ActiveX cntrls and plug-ins Select Disable fr Allw ActiveX Filtering. Select Enable fr Dwnlad signed ActiveX cntrls. Select Enable fr Run ActiveX cntrls and plug-ins. Select Enable fr Script ActiveX cntrls marked safe fr scripting. Dwnlads Select Enable fr File dwnlad. Miscellaneus 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 6
Select Enable fr Allw script-initiated windws withut size r psitin cnstraints Select Enable fr Allw websites t pen windws withut address bar r status bar. Scripting 10. Click OK. Select Enable fr Active scripting. 11. Click General tab. 12. In the Brwser Histry sectin, click Settings. The Temprary Internet Files and Histry Settings windw is displayed. 13. Select Autmatically fr Check fr newer versins f stred pages. 14. Click OK. 15. In the Tabs sectin, click Settings. The Tabbed Brwser Settings windw is displayed. 16. Select Always pen Pp-ups in a new windw fr the When a pp-up is encuntered: sectin. 17. Click OK. 18. Click Advanced tab and cnfigure the fllwing settings: Select the Disable script debugging (Internet Explrer) checkbx. Aras recmmends disabling script debugging fr any user nt actively debugging their client machine. This is nly recmmendatin and nt a requirement. Fr mre infrmatin, refer t sectin 2.5. Select the Disable script debugging (Other) checkbx. Aras recmmends disabling script debugging fr any user nt actively debugging their client machine. This is nly recmmendatin and nt a requirement. Fr mre infrmatin, refer t sectin 2.5. Clear the Display a ntificatin abut every script errr checkbx. 19. Click OK. 20. In the Internet Explrer menu, Navigate t Tls --> Cmpatibility View Settings. 21. If the URL fr the Aras Innvatr instance exists in the Websites yu ve added t Cmpatibility View: list, click Remve. 22. Click Clse t cmmit the changes t Cmpatibility View Settings. 1.2.2.NET Framewrk Security Plicy Settings While the Aras Innvatr 11.0 client des nt require a.net security plicy fr FireFx, ne is still required fr Internet Explrer. The Internet Explrer client uses the.net cntrls fr features nt yet available in Firefx. Aras has supplied a batch file that can be run n the PC client machine called the Manual.NET Security Cnfiguratin Tl. The file (sdns.exe) can be btained frm the Aras Crpratin supprt website. 1. Open Internet Explrer 2. Type in the fllwing web address: 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 7
http://www.aras.cm/supprt/dwnlads/dwnlad.aspx 3. Dwnlad the Manual.NET Security Cnfig Tl [sdns.exe utility] t yur hard drive a. Click Manual.NET Security Cnfig Tl [sdns.exe utility]. b. When prmpted t Run r Save, click Save. The desktp is the easiest lcatin t dwnlad t and find the file later. Nte: This utility [sdns.exe] must be executed frm a lcal hard drive and nt internet cache r a netwrk drive. Once yu have the file n yur hard drive, yu can execute the utility t set yur security plicy. Fr ease f explanatin, we assume, yu saved the file n the desktp f the lgged in user. 4. Clse all Internet Explrer windws. 5. Right-click n the file and select Run as administratr frm the menu. The Set.Net Security windw is displayed Figure 1. 6. In the URL field enter the full URL path, prvided by yur administratr, used t lgin. 7. Select OK. Example: In the case f a default lcal install, it wuld be, http://lcalhst/innvatrserver/ Example: In the case f myinnvatr.cm, this wuld be http://myinnvatr.cm/ While yur security plicies are being set, it displays the prgress in the status bar Setting security settings fr.net 2.0 8. Once the security plicies are set, click Clse. 9. Open a new Internet Explrer windw, when ready t lg int the site. If the cnfiguratin tl fails t lad when duble clicked, it indicates that n.net Framewrk is installed. Yu shuld cntact yur system administratr abut installing the necessary framewrk. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 8
1.3 Optinal Settings The Gantt chart in Aras Innvatr may appear different when printed. The printed Gantt chart may appear different due t the missing backgrund clrs and images. Yu can fix this issue by cnfiguring few settings n the client machine. T fix r prevent this issue, yu can cnfigure the fllwing settings (fr Internet Explrer 9, 10, r 11): 1. Open an Internet Explrer windw. 2. Navigate t File --> Page Setup. The Page Setup dialg bx is displayed. Figure 2. 3. Select Print Backgrund Clrs and Images check bx. 4. Click OK. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 9
2 Trubleshting In this sectin, we utline sme f the cmmn prblems peple can encunter with the setting up the client. 2.1 Manual.NET Security Cnfiguratin Tl Errrs This sectin describes varius issues lgged with Aras supprt using the Manual.NET Client Cnfiguratin Tl. 2.1.1 Running the Tl withut Dwnlading If yu attempt t run the tl withut dwnlading it t the lcal machine first, an errr is displayed telling the tl failed t run. Fllw these alternate steps fr dwnlading the tl. 1. Open Internet Explrer 2. Type in the web address: http://www.aras.cm/supprt/dwnlads/dwnlad.aspx. 3. Dwnlad the Manual.NET Security Cnfig Tl [sdns.exe utility] t yur hard drive a. Click Manual.NET Security Cnfig Tl [sdns.exe utility] link. b. Click Save As. The desktp is the easiest lcatin t dwnlad t and find the file later. 2.1.2 Applicatin Errr Running sdns.exe If the cnfiguratin tl fails t lad when duble clicked with the fllwing errr, it indicates that n.net Framewrk is installed. Yu shuld cntact yur system administratr abut installing the necessary framewrk. Figure 3. If yu want t d this yurself, use the fllwing link t dwnlad the.net Framewrk 3.5 SP1: Micrsft.NET Framewrk 3.5 Service Pack 1 http://www.micrsft.cm/en-us/dwnlad/details.aspx?id=22 After installing this, repeat the steps in this sectin. 2.1.3 sdns.exe Errr: Access denied If the cnfiguratin tl gives the errr ERROR: Runtime errr: Access denied. Yu might nt have administrative credentials t perfrm this task. Cntact yur system administratr fr assistance. Yu 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 10
shuld first make sure yu ran the sdns.exe by right-clicking n the file and selecting Run as administratr frm the cntext menu. If this menu ptin is nt present, it indicates that yu d nt have administrative privileges n yur machine t mdify the.net security plicies. Yu need t cntact yur system administratr t request the change t the.net Security plicies n yur machine. Figure 4. 2.2 Errrs During Lgin This sectin describes the cmmn errr messages shwn during lgin t Aras Innvatr when there are prblems with the.net security plicies. 2.2.1.NET Errr During lgin If the lgin screen fails t lad with the fllwing errr, this indicates ne f tw things. Either yu d nt have a security plicy set, r yu d nt have any.net Framewrk installed. Figure 5. Cnfirm that yu have gne thrugh the steps in sectin 2 t cnfigure the security plicy. T cnfirm the plicy was set crrectly, run the fllwing cmmand in a cmmand prmpt: C:\Windws\Micrsft.NET\Framewrk\v2.0.50727\CasPl.exe a -ld The URL fr yur Aras Innvatr instance shuld be listed nce in the return f this cmmand. If yur plicy is listed in the respnse frm the cmmand, cntact yur system administratr abut installing the necessary.net framewrk. If yu want t d this yurself, use the fllwing link t dwnlad the.net Framewrk 3.5 SP1: Micrsft.NET Framewrk 3.5 Service Pack 1 http://www.micrsft.cm/en-us/dwnlad/details.aspx?id=22. After installing this, repeat the steps in sectin 2 t cnfigure yur security plicy. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 11
2.2.2 Micrsft.NET 4.5 When.NET 4.5 is installed, a message is displayed that indicates yur.net plicy must be applied again. Figure 6. In.NET 4.5, the.net brwser hsting cntrls fr Internet Explrer have been remved. When.NET 4.5 is installed the existing hsting is als disabled fr.net 3.5. Yu need t manually enable this hsting fr Internet Explrer t return t yur previus wrking state. T fix this issue, add the fllwing registry key n the client PC: Fr 32-BIT envirnments: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Micrsft\.NETFramewrk "EnableIEHsting"=dwrd:00000001 Fr 64-BIT envirnments: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Ww6432Nde\Micrsft\.NETFramewrk "EnableIEHsting"=dwrd:00000001 2.3 Files Display in the Aras Innvatr Windw Certain file type can use Internet Explrer as the default prgram t be viewed in. The example in this sectin uses an XML dcument. When an XML dcument is pen in mst systems, it uses Internet Explrer as the viewer. The default setting has the XML file pen in any pen Internet Explrer windws, if pssible. If this file pens in the Aras Innvatr windw, it can invalidate this windw fr further use with the Aras Innvatr sessin. If this file pens in the main Aras Innvatr windw, it can invalidate the entire Aras Innvatr sessin fr the user. At this time, there are tw main slutins fr this prblem: Slutin 1: Assciate the file type with a viewer ther than Internet Explrer. Changing the viewer assciated with the file type must be dne n a file type by file type basis. Slutin 2: Disable the ability fr these files t pen in existing Internet Explrer windws. This secnd ptin frces the XML file t be pened in a new Internet Explrer windw, rather than any existing windw. Refer t the belw sectin n hw t disable this feature. 2.3.1 IE Settings fr Disabling Files frm Opening in Innvatr Windws 1. Open Internet Explrer 2. Select Tls --> Internet Optins in the main menu. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 12
3. Select Advanced tab 4. In the Brwsing sectin, clear Reuse windws fr launching shrtcuts ptin. 5. Click Apply. 2.4 MSXML Aras Innvatr requires MSXML6 n the client. This may nt be installed by default n sme PCs, and may require explicit installatin frm the Micrsft website. 2.5 ActiveX cntrl is deactivated when ther applicatins are dcked with Internet Explrer n the Windws Desktp Certain applicatins, such as chat prgrams, have a dcking feature with the Windws Desktp. This dcking allws the prgram t appear t snap int the displayed desktp alng ne f the edges. The effect this has n Aras Innvatr is that the user is prmpted t activate UI cntrls (menus, grids, trees, etc). Belw is an example f the type f prmpt a user can see. Figure 7. The cause f the prblem is that Internet Explrer is incrrectly determining the script debugging state nce an applicatin is dcked. Once an applicatin is dcked, a windws message is sent t all tp-level windws. When Internet Explrer receives the message, it is misinterpreting the script debugging state and disabling script debugging internally. This disabling f script debugging internally leads t cntrls prmpting fr activatin when a page is laded. This issue shuld be fixed in a future update t Internet Explrer. At this time, Aras Crpratin recmmends that yu disable script debugging n client PC machines. The steps fr disabling script debugging in Internet Explrer are utlined in Internet Explrer and Client Cnfiguratin. If users chse nt t disable script debugging, there is a wrkarund when the errr ccurs. If a user encunters this errr, lg ut f Aras Innvatr and lg back in t refresh the client. 2.6 Lgin Screen randmly takes a lng time t lad Certain settings in Internet Explrer culd pssibly cause the Aras Innvatr lgin screen t take an extended perid f time t lad. In this instance, fr the first lgin f the day, the lgin windw appears t be lading with a blank white screen fr arund 90 secnds. After the initial lad the lgin windw wrks fine. A pssible cause fr this prblem is the system is trying t autmatically detect prxy settings n the netwrk. With this setting set t true, yur cnnectin will spend time trying t determine whether there is prxy settings n yur netwrk it must adhere t. 2.6.1 Disabling Aut Detect prxy settings 1. Open Internet Explrer 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 13
2. Select Tls -->Internet Optins. 3. Select the Cnnectins tab 4. Click LAN Settings. 5. Clear the Autmatically detect settings checkbx. Figure 8. 2.7 My pre-defined language pack and lcale are nt prperly displaying when cnnected t Aras Innvatr The lcalizatin settings fr the client are pulled frm the Languages setting f Internet Explrer as ppsed t the Regin and Language Settings f the system. T change the language settings, refer t the steps belw. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 14
2.7.1 Internet Explrer 9 1. Open Internet Explrer brwser and g t Tls --> Internet Optins. 2. In the General tab, click Languages. Figure 9. 3. In the Language Preference dialg bx, click Add. Figure 10. 4. Click Add t add a language such as Japanese (Japan) [ja-jp]. 5. Select the language and click OK. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 15
Figure 11. 6. Clse the brwser 7. Lgin t Aras Innvatr as administratr/innvatr. 8. Cnfirm that the selected language is applied. 2.7.2 Internet Explrer 10 r Internet Explrer 11 1. Open Internet Explrer brwser and g t Tls --> Internet Optins. 2. In the General tab, click Languages. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 16
Figure 12. 3. In the Language Preference dialg bx, click Set Language Preferences. 4. Click Add a Language. Figure 13. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 17
Figure 14. 5. Select a language such as Japanese [ja-jp]. 6. Click Add (bttm right crner). 7. Select the language bx and click Mve up t mve the language bx at the tp. Figure 15. 8. Clse the brwser. 9. Lgin t Aras Innvatr as administratr/innvatr. 10. Cnfirm that Japanese Language is applied. 2.8 Clsing Tear-ff Windw Causes IE t Crash Clsing the tear-ff windw can lead the Internet Explrer windw t crash. The cause behind the crash is the Hang Resistance feature. By default, the Hang Resistance feature is enabled in Internet Explrer 9 (IE9). This leads t lng asynchrnus requests and causes the crash in IE9. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 18
T reslve this issue, the Hang Resistance feature needs t be disabled. Yu can disable the feature by setting the HangRecvery value t 0 in the registry key. T fix this issue, fllw the steps belw: 1. On the client PC, click Start, type regedit. The Registry Editr windw is displayed. 2. In the left pane, navigate t HKEY_CURRENT_USER --> Sftware --> Micrsft --> Internet Explrer --> Main. 3. In the right pane, click New --> DWORD (32-bit value) t create a new D-Wrd. 4. Set the fllwing values: Type: REG_DWORD Name: HangRecvery Value: 0 5. Click File --> Exit t clse the Registry Editr windw. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 19
2.9 Requests t a web applicatin cause a timeut errr When yu send many cncurrent requests that have the same SessinId t an ASP.NET 4web applicatin, sme requests may result in a timeut errr. The errr is due t sme f the requests getting stuck in RequestAcquireStage. This is a knwn issue fr.net 4 n Windws Server 2012. Micrsft recmmends installing the fllwing htfix t fix the issue: http://supprt.micrsft.cm/kb/2828842. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 20
3 IT System Administratr Push Cnfiguratin The.NET Framewrk cmes with a GUI cnfiguratin tl that can be used by the system administratr t create and deply this plicy. Micrsft prvides dcumentatin n hw t use this tl at the fllwing link: http://msdn.micrsft.cm/en-us/library/2bc0cxhc(v=vs.90).aspx Micrsft prvides dcumentatin n hw t deply this sftware, as well, at the fllwing link: http://msdn.micrsft.cm/en-us/library/13wcxx6y(v=vs.90).aspx In this sectin, we utline the use f the.net Framewrk Cnfiguratin tl. This tl must be used t set the security plicies that shuld be deplyed. The.NET Framewrk 2.0 GUI requires the.net Framewrk 2.0 SDK in additin t.net 3.5 SP1 in rder t access this cnfiguratin UI..NET 3.5 SP1 can be btained thrugh Windws Updates, thrugh Turn Windws Features n r ff, r frm the fllwing Micrsft link: Micrsft.NET Framewrk 3.5 Service Pack 1 http://www.micrsft.cm/en-us/dwnlad/details.aspx?id=22 The SDK can be btained thrugh the fllwing Micrsft link:.net Framewrk Versin 2.0 Sftware Develpment Kit (x86 required fr x64 and x86 systems) http://www.micrsft.cm/en-us/dwnlad/details.aspx?id=19988 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 21
3.1.NET Framewrk 2.0 Cnfiguratin 1. Navigate t Start --> Settings --> Cntrl Panel and pen the Cntrl Panel. 2. Duble click Administrative Tls. 3. Duble click Micrsft.NET Framewrk 2.0 Cnfiguratin. 4. In the tree n the left hand side, pen My Cmputer --> Runtime Security Plicy --> Enterprise --> Cde Grups --> All Cde. 5. Click All Cde. 6. In the frame t the right, select Add a Child Cde Grup. 7. Select Create a new cde grup. Figure 16. a. Give it a meaningful name fr yu t interpret later 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 22
8. Click Next. Figure 17. Figure 18. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 23
9. Fr Chse a cnditin type, select URL. 10. In the URL text bx, enter the full site name alng with the /Client/cbin/* web flder Example: http://myinnvatr.cm/client/cbin/* 11. Click Next. 12. Click Next. Figure 19. Figure 20. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 24
13. Click Finish. 14. In the Micrsft.NET Framewrk 2.0 Cnfiguratin windw, right-click n the newly created nde in the Cde Grup (name yu assigned) and select Prperties. 15. On the General tab, Figure 21. Select the This plicy level will nly have the permissins frm the permissin set assciated with the cde grup checkbx. Select the Plicy levels belw this level will nt be evaluated checkbx. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 25
16. Select OK. Figure 22. 17. Clse the Micrsft.NET Framewrk 2.0 Cnfiguratin windw. 2015 Aras Crpratin All Cpyrights Reserved. 26