The Abdomen and Pelvis

The Abdomen and Pelvis

Anatomage Table Instructors Guide- Abdomen and Pelvis Table of Contents Abdomen and Pelvis 1- The Skeletal System...3 1: Lumbar Vertebrae...3 2: Bony Pelvis...4 3: Sacrum and Coccyx...7 Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC):...9 Abdomen and Pelvis 2- The Muscular System...10 1: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles...10 2: Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles...11 3: Pelvic Floor...13 Abdomen and Pelvis 3- The Cardiovascular System...15 1: Paired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta...15 2: Unpaired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta...16 3: Pelvic Arteries...19 4: Venous Caval System...21 5: Venous Portal System...23 Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC):...25 Abdomen and Pelvis 3- The Digestive System...26 1: Stomach...26 2: Small Intestine...27 3: Large Intestine...29 4: Accessory Digestive Organs and Spleen...32 Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC):...34 Abdomen and Pelvis 4- The Urinary and Female Reproductive System...35 1: Urinary System...35 2: Female Reproductive System...36 Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC):...38 Appendix...39

Abdomen and Pelvis 1- The Skeletal System 1: Lumbar Vertebrae Describe the primary and secondary curvatures of the vertebral column Describe the dominant movements allowed within each of the various vertebral regions Describe the variation between the various vertebral levels for typical vertebrae Inferior articular process Lamina Median sacral crest Superior articular process T12, L1-L5 Spinous process Transverse process 1. a. Lumbar Vertebrae (Posterior) L3 Spinous process L3 Vertebral body Lamina Pedicle Transverse process Vertebral foramen 1. b. Vertebral Arch (Superior)

Inferior vertebral notch Intervertebral disc L3/L4 Intervertebral foramen L3 Spinous process L3 Vertebral body L4 Vertebral body Pedicle Superior vertebral notch Transverse process 1. c. Intervertebral Foramen (Lateral) Coccyx Intervertebral disc L4/L5 Intervertebral disc L5/S1 L4-L5 Vertebral body Point of lumbosacral angle Sacral body Sacral canal Sacral promontory Vertebral canal 1. d. Lumbosacral Angle (X-ray Lateral) 2: Bony Pelvis Describe the bony components of the pelvic girdle Describe the boundaries of the pelvic inlet and outlet and the difference between the true and false pelvis

Coccyx Ilium Ischium Pubic symphysis Pubis Sacroiliac joint Sacrum 2. a. Bony Pelvis (Anterior) Ilium Median sacral crest Sacral ala Sacral body Sacral canal Sacroiliac joint 2. b. SacroIliac Joint (Axial-cut Superior) Ala of sacrum Arcuate line Ilium Pelvic brim (Inlet) Pubic symphysis Sacral promontory Superior pubic ramus 2. c. Pelvic Inlet (Superior)

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Iliac crest Iliac fossa Ilium Pelvic brim (inlet) Sacral promontory 2. d. False Pelvis (Anterior) Coccyx Inferior pubic ramus Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Obturator foramen Pelvic brim (inlet) Pubic symphysis Sacral body Superior pubic ramus 2. e. True Pelvis (Posterior) Ilium Ischial tuberosity Ischiopubic ramus Obturator foramen Pubic symphysis Pubis Senior pubic ramus 2. f. Obturator Foramen (Anterolateral)

3: Sacrum and Coccyx Describe the difference between the orientation of the sacral foramina as compared to the intervertebral foramen Ala of sacrum Anterior sacral foramen Cocyx L5, S1-S5 Vertebral body Sacral promontory 3. a. Anterior Sacral Foramina (Anterior) Coccyx L5 Spinous process Median sacral crest Posterior sacral foramen S4/S5 Vertebral body 3. b. Posterior Sacral Foramina (Posterior)

Coccyx Medial sacral crest Pubic symphysis S1-S5 Vertebral body Sacral canal Sacral hiatus Vertebral canal 3. c. Sacral Canal (Sagittal Cut - Lateral) Coccyx Median sacral crest Posteiror sacral foramen Sacral hiatus 3. d. Sacral Hiatus and Coccyx (Posterior)

Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC): Cholelithiasis without Cholecystitis Marked Scoliosis with Thoracolumbosacral Fusion Case 0319 Spina Bifida Comminuted Burst Fracture of Right Acetabulum Case 0297 Fx Pelvis

Abdomen and Pelvis 2- The Muscular System 1: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles Identify the surface features and major muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall Describe the formation of the rectus sheath and the attachments of each muscle Costal cartilagescostal margin Linea alba Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle Rectus abdominis Rectus abdominis Tendinous intersections Umbilicus Xiphoid process 1. a. Rectus Abdominis (Anterior) 5th-10th Rib ASIS Costal margin External oblique Iliac crest Linea alba Pubic tubercle Rectus abdominis Semilunar line 1.b. External Abdominal Oblique (Anterolateral)

External oblique Internal oblique Linea alba Lumbar vertebral body Semilunar line Skin Spinous process Transverse process Transversus abdominis Transversus abdomnis 1.c. Obliques (Axial Cut- Inferior) External oblique Internal oblique Transverse abdominis 1. d. Anterolateral Abdominal Wall (Coronal-cut Anterior) 2: Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles Name the movements of the trunk and describe the muscles associated with each movement Identify the core muscles or the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Iliacus Psoas major T12, L1-L4 Vertebral body 2. a. Psoas Major and Iliacus (Coronal-cut Anterior) Iliac crest L. Kidney Liver Quadratus lumborum R. Kidney Spleeen Transverse process 2.b. Quadratus Lumborum (Coronal-cut Anterior) Erector spinae L. Kidney Psoas major Quadratus lumborum R. kidney Spinous process Transverse process 2.c. Posterior Abdominal Wall (Axial Cut- Superior)

3: Pelvic Floor Describe the component parts of the pelvic floor and describe the orientation of the levator ani Anus Ilium Ischioanal fossa Ischium Levator ani Levator ani Obturator internus 3. a. Levator Ani (Coronal-cut Anterior) Ilium Ischium Obturator externus Obturator foramen Urinary bladder Uterus 3.b. Obturator Internus (Coronal-cut Anterior)

Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Ilium Piriformis Sacrum 3.c. Piriformis (Coronal-cut Anterior) Anus Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Ilium Ischioanal fossa Levator ani Obturator internus Piriformis Sacrum 3.d. Ishioanal Fossa (Coronal-cut Posterior)

Abdomen and Pelvis 3- The Cardiovascular System 1: Paired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta Identify the paired branches off the abdominal aorta Identify the vertebral level associated with the common iliac arteries External iliac a. Internal iliac a. Common iliac a. Abdominal aorta 1. a. Common Iliac aa. Abdominal aorta Common iliac a. L. Renal a. R. Renal a. Thoracic aorta 1. b. Renal aa.

Common iliac a. L. 1st-4th lumbar a. R. 1st- 4th lumbar a. L. Renal a. R. Renal a. Abdominal aorta 1. c. Lumbar aa. Deep circumflex iliac a. External iliac a. Inferior epigastric a. 1. d. Inferior Epigastric aa. 2: Unpaired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta Identify the unpaired branches off the abdominal aorta Identify the branches and organs supplied by the celiac trunk, and the superior and inferior mesenteric vessels

Abdominal aorta Celiac trunk Common hepatic a. Left gastric a. Splenic a. 2. a. Celiac Trunk Abdominal aorta Celiac trunk Common hepatic a. Cystic a. Gastroduodenal a. Hepatic artery proper L. Hepatic a. R. Hepatic a. 2. b. Common Hepatic a. Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. Gastroduodenal a. L. Gastric a. R. Gastroomental a. Superior pancreaticoduodenal a. 2. c. Gastroduodenal Artery

Celiac trunk Segmental splenic a. Spleen Splenic a. 2. d. Splenic a. Abdominal aorta Ileocolic a. Intestinal a. Middle colic a. Superior mesenteric a. 2. e. Superior Mesenteric a. Abdominal aorta Inferior mesenteric a. L. Colic a. Sigmoidal a. Superior rectal a. 2. f. Inferior Mesenteric a.

3: Pelvic Arteries Describe and identify the arteries found within the true and false pelvis Abdominal aorta Common iliac a. External iliac a. Internal iliac a. 3. a. Pelvic Vasculature (Anterior) Abdominal aorta Anterior division of internal iliac a. Common iliac a. External iliac a. Internal iliac a. Posterior division of internal iliac a. 3. b. Internal Iliac Artery (Sagittal-cut Medial)

Internal iliac a. Iliolumbar a. Lateral sacral a. Superior gluteal a. 3. c. Posterior Division of the Internal Iliac a. Inferior gluteal a. Internal iliac a. Internal pudendal a. Obturator a. Visceral branch 3. d. Anterior Division of the Internal Iliac a. Anterior division of internal iliac a. Internal iliac a. Inferior gluteal a. Posterior division of internal iliac a. Superior gluteal a. 3. e. Gluteal Arteries

4: Venous Caval System Review the pattern of venous drainage for the caval system and identify the organs that would have venous return to the heart through the IVC Abdominal aorta Common iliac a. Inferior vena cava L. Common iliac v. R. Common iliac v. 4. a. Inferior Vena Cava External iliac v. Inferior vena cava Internal iliac v. L. Common iliac v. R. Common iliac v. 4. b. Common Iliac Veins

Ascending lumbar v. Inferior vena cava L. Common iliac v. R. Common iliac v. 4. c. Ascending Lumbar Veins (Low-visibility) External iliac v. Internal iliac v. L. Common iliac v. 4. d. Internal Iliac Vein (Sagittal-cut Medial) L. Renal v. L. Ovarian v. R. Renal v. Inferior vena cava 4. e. Renal Veins

5: Venous Portal System Review the pattern of venous drainage for the portal system and identify the organs that would have venous return to the heart through the hepatic portal v. Abdominal aorta Inferior mesenteric v. Inferior vena cava Portal v. Splenic v. Superior mesetneric v. 5. a. Portal v. Inferior vena cava Left hepatic v. Liver Middle hepatic v. Portal v. Right lung 5. b. Hepatic vv.

Abdominal aorta Inferior mesenteric v. Inferior mesetenteric a. Portal v. Splenic v. 5. c. Inferior Mesenteric v. Ileocolic v. Jejunal and ilial vv. Middle colic v. Right colic v. Superior mesenteric a. Superior mesenteric v. 5. d. Superior Mesenteric v. Inferior mesenteric v. Portal v. Spleen Splenic v. 5. e. Splenic v. (Axial-cut Superior)

Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC): Angio-infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm Large Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Occluded Left Renal Artery Case 0206 Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm Bilateral Popliteal Aneurysm Slight Wall Thickening and Focal Irregularity of Abdominal Aorta with Fusiform Dilatation Small Pericardial Effusion Case 0167 Bilateral Aneurysm

Abdomen and Pelvis 3- The Digestive System 1: Stomach Describe the orientation, parts, and external features of the stomach Identify the associated viscera in contact with the stomach Aorta Azygos v. Body of stomach Cardia of stomach Fundus of stomach Greater curvature of stomach Hemiazygos v. Left dome of diaphragm Lesser curvature of stomach Liver Spleen 1. a. Stomach Curvatures (Axial-cut Low-visibility) Aorta Body of stomach Cardia of stomach Esophagus Fundus of stomach Left dome of diaphragm Left kidney Pylorus Spleen 1. b. Body of Stomach (Sagittal-cut Lateral)

Body of stomach Duodenum Greater curvature of stomach Lesser curvature of stomach Liver Pyloric sphincter Pylorus 1. c. Pyloric Sphincter (Coronal-cut Anterior) 2: Small Intestine Identify the three portions of the small intestine and review the typcial orientation and length of each portion Describe the four segments of the duodenum and the respective vertebral level for each Review the arterial branches supplying the various portions of the small intestine 1st (Superior ) part of the duodenum Ampulla of duodenum Body of gallbladder Liver Pyloric canal of stomach Pyloric sphincter 2. a. 1st part of Duodenum (Coronal-cut Anterior)

2nd (descending) part of duodenum 3rd (horizontal) part of duodenum 4th (ascending) part of duodenum Proximal jejunum Superior mesenteric a. Superior mesenteric v. 2. b. 2nd-4th parts of Duodenum (Low-visibility) Duodenum Ileum Jejunum 2. c. Small Intestine (Coronal-cut Anterior) Ascending colon Cecum Ileocecal junction Ileocolic a. and v. Ileum 2. d. Ileocecal Junction (Low-visbility)

3: Large Intestine Identify the portions and respective locations of the portions of the large intestine Describe which portions of the large intestine are retroperitoneal Review the arterial supply and venous drainage for the portions of the large intestine Ascending colon Cecum Ileum 3. a. Cecum and Ascending Colon (Low-visbility) 1st (superior) part of the duodenum Hepatic flexure Liver Pyloric sphincter Splenic flexure Stomach Transverse colon 3. b. Transverse Colon (Sagittal-cut Lateral)

Body of gallbladder Hepatic flexure Liver Transverse colon 3. c. Hepatic Flexure (Axial-cut Low-visbility) Aorta Spleen Splenic a. Splenic flexure Stomach 3. d. Splenic Flexure (Axial-cut Low-visbility) Ascending colon Descending colon Left kidney Right kidney Small intestine 3. e. Ascending and Descending Colon (Axial-cut)

Bladder Descending colon Sigmoid colon 3. f. Sigmoid Colon (Low-visbility) Anal canal Bladder Coccyx Pubic symphysis Sacral body Uterus Vaginal canal 3. g. Anal Canal (Sagittal-cut Low-visbility) Ascending colon Cecum Descending colon Hepatic flexure Sigmoid colon Splenic flexure Transverse colon 3. h. Large Intestine (Low-visbility)

Ascending colon Cecum Descending colon Hepatic flexure Sigmoid colon Splenic flexure Transverse colon 3. i. Large Intestine (X-ray) 4: Accessory Digestive Organs and Spleen Identify the parts and features of the accessory digestive organs Describe the location, vasculature, and role of the spleen Describe the course of the superior mesenteric arteries for the accessory digestive organs Describe the normal position and external features of the liver including its lobes Aorta Body of pancreas Head of pancreas Neck of pancreas Spleen Splenic a. Splenic v. Superior mesenteric a. Tail of pancreas 4. a. Pancreas (Axial-cut Low-visibility)

Body of pancreas Colic impression Diaphragmatic surface Gastric impression Hilum Left kidney Lower pole Spleen Splenic a. Splenic v. Upper pole 4. b. Spleen (Anterior) Hepatic portal v. I-VIII segments of liver Left lobe of liver Right lobe of liver 4. c. Liver Lobes and Segments (Coronal-cut Anterior) Body of gallbladder Liver 4. d. Gallbladder (Low-visbility)

Body of gallbladder Cystic duct Fundus of gallbladder Liver Neck of gallbladder 4. e. Biliary System (Axial-cut Inferior Low-visibility) Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC): Chronic Pancreatitis Status Post Liver Transplant Status Post Right Partial Nephrectomy Case 0276 Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with Bone and Liver Metastases Whipple's Resection Case 0295 Pancreas and Liver Cancer

Abdomen and Pelvis 4- The Urinary and Female Reproductive System 1: Urinary System Describe the external and internal features of the kidney Discuss the possible points of constricture for the ureters Describe the location of the bladder and discuss the differences between the male and female urethra Abdominal aorta Anterior surface Inferior pole Lateral margin Left kidney Medial margin Renal hilum Right kidney Superior pole 1. a. Kidneys (Anterior) Abdominal aorta Left kidney Left renal a. Renal hilum Right kidney Right renal a. 1. b. Renal Hilum (Axial-cut Inferior)

Left kidney Pubic bone Pubic symphysis Renal hilum Right kidney Urinary bladder 1. c. Urinary Bladder (Coronal-cut Low-visibility) Apex of bladder Fundus of bladder Inferior surface of bladder Labia Neck of bladder Pubic symphysis Superior surface of bladder Urethra Uretuers Urinary bladder Vaginal canal 1. d. Urethra (Sagittal-cut Low-visibility) 2: Female Reproductive System Describe the structure of the external and internal features of the female reproductive system

Ampulla Fundus of uterus Labia Pubic symphysis Uterine tube Vaginal canal 2. a. Uterus (Anterolateral) Body of uterus Cervix Fundus of uterus Pubic symphysis Urinary bladder Uterine cavity Vaginal canal 2. b. Vaginal Canal (Sagittal-cut Low-visibility) Labia majora Mons pubis 2. c. Female External Genitalia (Low-visibility)

Suggested Clinical Correlates (CC): Hyperemic and Enlarged Uterus Large Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy with Fetus in Right Abdomen Case 0178 Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy Large Right Sided Pelvic and Retroperitoneal Mass Right-Sided Hydronephrosis with Ureter Stent Several Enlarged Inguinal Lymph Nodes Case 0336 Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma

Appendix Abdomen and Pelvis 1- The Skeletal System Library Case: 0318 Goal(s): Identify, describe structures, and discuss clinical correlates of the (1) vertebral column and (2) bony pelvis. Annotated Anatomy: 1: Lumbar Vertebrae Inferior articular process, Lamina, Transverse process, Superior articular process, T12, L1-L5 Spinous process, Median sacral crest, Pedicle, L3, L4 Vertebral body, Vertebral foramen, Intervertebral disc L3/L4, L4/L5, L5/S1,Superior vertebral notch, Inferior vertebral notch, Intervertebral foramen, Point of lumbosacral angle, Sacral promontory, Sacral body, Coccyx, Sacral canal, Vertebral canal 2: Bony Pelvis Ischium, Coccyx, Ilium, Sacroiliac joint, Sacrum, Obturator foramen, Pubis, Pubic symphysis, Sacral body, Sacral canal, Median sacral crest, Sacral ala, Pelvic brim (inlet), Superior pubic ramus, Arcuate line, Ala of sacrum, Sacral promontory, Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), Iliac fossa, Iliac crest, Ischial spine, Ischial tuberosity, Ischial tubrosity, Obturator foramen, Inferior pubic ramus, Superior pubic ramus, Ischiopubic ramus 3: Sacrum and Coccyx L5, S1-S5 Vertebral body, Coccyx, Anterior sacral foramen, Sacral promontory, Ala of sacrum, L5 Spinous process, Median sacral crest, Posterior sacral foramen, Pubic symphysis, Coccyx, Sacral hiatus, Median sacral crest, Sacral canal, Vertebral canal, Sacral hiatus

Abdomen and Pelvis 2-The Muscular System Library Case: 0318 Goal(s): Identify, describe structures, attachments, functions and discuss clinical correlates of the (1) anterolateral abdominal wall muscles, (2) posterior abdominal wall muscles, (3) pelvic floor, and (4) trunk movements. Annotated Anatomy: 1: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles Pubic symphysis, Pubic tubercle, Linea alba, Umbilicus, Rectus abdominis, Costal cartilage, Costal margin, Xiphoid process, Tendinous intersection, Semilunar line, 5th- 10th Rib, External oblique, Iliac crest, ASIS, Pubic tubercle, Internal oblique, Transversus abdominis, Skin, Umbilicus, Lumbar vertebral body, Spinous process, Transverse process 2: Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles Iliacus, Psoas major, T12, L1-L4 Vertebral body, Iliac crest, Quadratus lumborum, Transvese process, Left kidney, Spleen, Liver, Right kidney, Erector spinae 3: Pelvic Floor Ilium, Ischium, Obturator internus, Ischioanal fossa, Levator ani, Anus, Uterus, Urinary bladder, Obturator foramen, Obturator externus, Piriformis, Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Sacrum Abdomen and Pelvis 3- The Cardiovascular System Library Case: 0198 (Topic 1-3), 0318 (Topic 4-5) Goal(s): Identify, describe structures, and discuss clinical correlates of the (1) abdominal aorta, (2) common iliac artery and its branches, (3) superior mesenteric artery and its branches, (4) venous caval system, and (5) venous portal system. Annotated Anatomy: 1: Paired Branches of the Abdominal aorta, Common iliac a., Internal iliac a., External iliac a., Thoracic aorta, Left renal a., Right

Abdominal Aorta renal a., Left 1st-4th lumbar a., Right 1st-4th lumbar a., Deep circumflex iliac a., Inferior epigastric a. 2: Unpaired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta Celiac trunk, Splenic a., Left gastric a., Common hepatic a., Abdominal aorta, Gastroduodendal a., Hepatic artery proper, Cystic a., Right hepatic a., Left hepatic a., Right gastroomental a., Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a., Superior pancreaticoduodenal a., Segmental splenic a., Spleen, Ileocolic a., Middle colic a., Superior mesenteric a., Intestinal a., Inferior mesenteric a., Left colic a., Sigmoidal a., Superior rectal a. 3: Pelvic Artery Abdominal aorta, Common iliac a., External iliac a., Internal iliac a., Anterior division of internal iliac a., Posterior division of internal iliac a., Iliolumbar a., Lateral sacral a., Superior gluteal a., Inferior gluteal a., Visceral branch, Internal pudendal a., Obturator a., 4: Venous Caval System Abdominal aorta, Common iliac a., Left common iliac v., Right common iliac v., Inferior vena cava, Internal iliac v., External iliac v., Ascending lumbar v., Left renal v., Left ovarian v., Right renal v., Inferior mesenteric v. 5: Venous Portal System Superior mesenteric v., Inferior mesenteric v., Inferior vena cava, Abdominal aorta, Portal v., Splenic v., Middle hepatic v., Left hepatic v., Liver, Right lung, Inferior mesenteric a., Jejunal and ileal vv., Superior mesenteric a., Middle colic v., Right colic v., Ileocolic v., Spleen Abdomen and Pelvis 4- The Digestive System Library Case: 0296 Goal(s): Identify, describe structures, and discuss clinical correlates of the (1) stomach, (2) small and large intestine, (3) liver, (4) spleen, and (5) other accessory digestive organs. Annotated Anatomy: 1: Stomach Greater curvature of stomach, Body of stomach, Lesser curvature of stomach, cardia of stomach,

Liver,Azygos v., Aorta, Hemiazygos v., Left dome of diaphragm, Fundus of stomach, Spleen, Left kidney, Esophagus, Pylorus, Pyloric sphincter, Duodenum, 2: Small Intestine Ampulla of duodenum, 1st (Superior) part of duodenum, Body of gallbladder, Pyloric canal of stomach, Ampulla of duodenum, Liver, 2nd (descending) part of duodenum, 3rd (horizontal) part of duodenum, 4th (ascending) part of duodenum, Proximal jejunum, Superior mesenteric a., Superior mesenteric v., Jejunum, Ileum, Duodenum, Ileocolic a., and v., Ileum, Ileocecal junction, Ascending colon, Cecum 3: Large Intestine Ileum, Cecum, Ascending colon, Stomach, Splenic flexure, Transverse colon, Pyloric sphincter, 1st (superior) part of the duodenum, Liver, Hepatic flexure, Body of gallbladder, Aorta, Small intestine, Descending colon, Left kidney, Right kidney, Sigmoid colon, Bladder, Uterus, Pubic symphysis, Vaginal canal, Anal canal, Coccyx, Sacral body 4: Accessory Digestive Organ and Spleen Spleen, Splenic a., Splenic v., Aorta, Tail of pancreas, Body of pancreas, Neck of pancreas, Superior mesenteric a., Head of pancreas, Diaphragmatic surface, Gastric impression, Upper pole, Lower pole, Colic impression, Hilum, Left kidney, Left lobe of liver, Right lobe of liver, IIVIII segments of liver, Hepatic portal v., Liver, Body of gallbladder, Neck of gallbladder, Fundus of gallbladder, Cystic duct Abdomen and Pelvis 5- The Urinary and Female Reproductive System Library Case: 0296 Goal(s): Identify, describe structures, and discuss clinical correlates of the (1) urinary system and (2) female reproductive system Annotated Anatomy: 1: Urinary System Left kidney, Lateral margin, Anterior surface, Inferior pole, Medial margin, Abdominal aorta,

Renal hilum, Superior pole, Right kidney, Renal hilum, Left renal a., Right renal a., Urinary bladder, Pubic bone, Pubic symphysis, Apex of bladder, Inferior surface of bladder, Superior surface of bladder, Uterus, Fundus of bladder, Vaginal canal, Urethra, Neck of bladder, Labia 2: Female Reproductive System Uterine tube, Fundus of uterus, Ampulla, Uterine tube, Vaginal canal, Pubic symphysis, Labia, Urinary bladder, Cervix, Body of uterus, Uterine cavity, Mons pubis, Labia majora